stung Who acts: animal, soap, unkind words, her, wasp, bee · What happens: hurt, push, sting, feel, burn, comment · To what, where: sharp point, skin, sharp burning pain, eyes, Upset, feelings
«stung» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: stung in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Hurt by an insect, plant or animal that pushes a sharp point or poison into the skin: stung by a bee, a wasp, a nettle or a jellyfish.
The tree, 28 words case det obl punct conj cc conj nsubj acl:relcl det amod obj cc conj case det obl punct acl case det obl:agent punct det conj punct det conj cc det conj punct root Hurt VERB by ADP an DET insect NOUN , PUNCT plant NOUN or CCONJ animal NOUN that PRON pushes VERB a DET sharp ADJ point NOUN or CCONJ poison NOUN into ADP the DET skin NOUN : PUNCT stung VERB by ADP a DET bee NOUN , PUNCT a DET wasp NOUN , PUNCT a DET nettle NOUN or CCONJ a DET jellyfish NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hurt hurt VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 2 by by ADP _ 4 insect case 3 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 insect det 4 insect insect NOUN Number=Sing 1 Hurt obl 5 , , PUNCT _ 6 plant punct 6 plant plant NOUN Number=Sing 4 insect conj 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 animal cc 8 animal animal NOUN Number=Sing 4 insect conj 9 that that PRON PronType=Rel 10 pushes nsubj 10 pushes push VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 animal acl:relcl 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 point det 12 sharp sharp ADJ Degree=Pos 13 point amod 13 point point NOUN Number=Sing 10 pushes obj 14 or or CCONJ _ 15 poison cc 15 poison poison NOUN Number=Sing 13 point conj 16 into into ADP _ 18 skin case 17 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 18 skin det 18 skin skin NOUN Number=Sing 10 pushes obl 19 : : PUNCT _ 20 stung punct 20 stung sting VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 18 skin acl 21 by by ADP _ 23 bee case 22 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 23 bee det 23 bee bee NOUN Number=Sing 20 stung obl:agent 24 , , PUNCT _ 26 wasp punct 25 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 26 wasp det 26 wasp wasp NOUN Number=Sing 23 bee conj 27 , , PUNCT _ 29 nettle punct 28 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 29 nettle det 29 nettle nettle NOUN Number=Sing 23 bee conj 30 or or CCONJ _ 32 jellyfish cc 31 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 32 jellyfish det 32 jellyfish jellyfish NOUN Number=Sing 23 bee conj 33 . . PUNCT _ 1 Hurt punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hurt participle by a insect and plant or animal vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer 2 push present animal a sharp point or poison the skin vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent point=Theme into skin=Destination 3 sting participle the skin not said here vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Felt a sharp, burning pain: the soap stung my eyes.
det amod punct amod obj punct det nsubj parataxis nmod:poss obj punct root Felt VERB a DET sharp ADJ , PUNCT burning VERB pain NOUN : PUNCT the DET soap NOUN stung VERB my PRON eyes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Felt feel VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 pain det 3 sharp sharp ADJ Degree=Pos 6 pain amod 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 burning punct 5 burning burn VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 pain amod 6 pain pain NOUN Number=Sing 1 Felt obj 7 : : PUNCT _ 10 stung punct 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 soap det 9 soap soap NOUN Number=Sing 10 stung nsubj 10 stung sting VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 1 Felt parataxis 11 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 12 eyes nmod:poss 12 eyes eye NOUN Number=Plur 10 stung obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 1 Felt punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 feel past a sharp burning pain vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pain=Theme 2 burn gerund vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 sting past the soap my eyes vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus eye=Experiencer
Meaning 3 Upset or hurt in your feelings by unkind words: stung by her comment.
The tree, 13 words nsubj:pass cc case nmod:poss obl case amod obl punct acl case nmod:poss obl punct root Upset ADJ or CCONJ hurt VERB in ADP your PRON feelings NOUN by ADP unkind ADJ words NOUN : PUNCT stung VERB by ADP her PRON comment NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Upset upset ADJ Degree=Pos 3 hurt nsubj:pass 2 or or CCONJ _ 3 hurt cc 3 hurt hurt VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 in in ADP _ 6 feelings case 5 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 feelings nmod:poss 6 feelings feeling NOUN Number=Plur 3 hurt obl 7 by by ADP _ 9 words case 8 unkind unkind ADJ Degree=Pos 9 words amod 9 words word NOUN Number=Plur 3 hurt obl 10 : : PUNCT _ 11 stung punct 11 stung sting VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 9 words acl 12 by by ADP _ 14 comment case 13 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 14 comment nmod:poss 14 comment comment NOUN Number=Sing 11 stung obl 15 . . PUNCT _ 3 hurt punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hurt participle · passive unkind words Upset your feelings vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer subject=Patient 2 sting participle unkind words not said here by her comment vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer 3 comment her = she nom comment «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 1 I was stung by a wasp at the picnic.
nsubj aux:pass case det obl case det nmod punct root I PRON was AUX stung VERB by ADP a DET wasp NOUN at ADP the DET picnic NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 stung nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 stung aux:pass 3 stung sting VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 by by ADP _ 6 wasp case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 wasp det 6 wasp wasp NOUN Number=Sing 3 stung obl 7 at at ADP _ 9 picnic case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 picnic det 9 picnic picnic NOUN Number=Sing 6 wasp nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 stung punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sting past · passive a wasp at the picnic I vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus subject=Experiencer
Example 2 The bee stung her on the arm.
det nsubj obj case det obl punct root The DET bee NOUN stung VERB her PRON on ADP the DET arm NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 bee det 2 bee bee NOUN Number=Sing 3 stung nsubj 3 stung sting VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 her she PRON Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 stung obj 5 on on ADP _ 7 arm case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 arm det 7 arm arm NOUN Number=Sing 3 stung obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 stung punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sting past the bee her = she on the arm vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP PP.theme PP.instrument»: agent=Agent she=Experiencer on arm=Theme
Example 3 My legs were stung by nettles.
nmod:poss nsubj:pass aux:pass case obl punct root My PRON legs NOUN were AUX stung VERB by ADP nettles NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 legs nmod:poss 2 legs leg NOUN Number=Plur 4 stung nsubj:pass 3 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 stung aux:pass 4 stung sting VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 by by ADP _ 6 nettles case 6 nettles nettle NOUN Number=Plur 4 stung obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 stung punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sting past · passive nettles My legs vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus subject=Experiencer
Example 4 The shampoo stung my eyes.
det nsubj nmod:poss obj punct root The DET shampoo NOUN stung VERB my PRON eyes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 shampoo det 2 shampoo shampoo NOUN Number=Sing 3 stung nsubj 3 stung sting VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 eyes nmod:poss 5 eyes eye NOUN Number=Plur 3 stung obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 stung punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sting past the shampoo my eyes vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus eye=Experiencer
Example 5 He was stung by a jellyfish at the beach.
nsubj aux:pass case det obl case det obl punct root He PRON was AUX stung VERB by ADP a DET jellyfish NOUN at ADP the DET beach NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 stung nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 stung aux:pass 3 stung sting VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 by by ADP _ 6 jellyfish case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 jellyfish det 6 jellyfish jellyfish NOUN Number=Sing 3 stung obl 7 at at ADP _ 9 beach case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 beach det 9 beach beach NOUN Number=Sing 3 stung obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 stung punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sting past · passive a jellyfish He the beach vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus subject=Experiencer
Example 6 She felt stung by the unkind joke.
nsubj aux:pass case det amod obl punct root She PRON felt VERB stung VERB by ADP the DET unkind ADJ joke NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 stung nsubj 2 felt feel VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 stung aux:pass 3 stung sting VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 by by ADP _ 7 joke case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 joke det 6 unkind unkind ADJ Degree=Pos 7 joke amod 7 joke joke NOUN Number=Sing 3 stung obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 stung punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sting past · passive the unkind joke She vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus subject=Experiencer
Example 7 Stay calm and still if a bee buzzes near you so you don't get stung.
The tree, 16 words xcomp cc conj mark det nsubj advcl case obl advmod nsubj aux advmod aux:pass advcl punct root Stay VERB calm ADJ and CCONJ still ADV if SCONJ a DET bee NOUN buzzes VERB near ADP you PRON so ADV you PRON do AUX n't PART get AUX stung VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Stay stay VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 calm calm ADJ Degree=Pos 1 Stay xcomp 3 and and CCONJ _ 4 still cc 4 still still ADV _ 2 calm conj 5 if if SCONJ _ 8 buzzes mark 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 bee det 7 bee bee NOUN Number=Sing 8 buzzes nsubj 8 buzzes buzz VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Stay advcl 9 near near ADP _ 10 you case 10 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 8 buzzes obl 11 so so ADV _ 16 stung advmod 12 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 16 stung nsubj 13 do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 16 stung aux 14 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 16 stung advmod 15 get get AUX VerbForm=Inf 16 stung aux:pass 16 stung sting VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 buzzes advcl 17 . . PUNCT _ 1 Stay punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stay imperative you not said here calm property vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 buzz a condition, not said to happen present a bee near you vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme near you=Location 3 not sting present · passive · do-support you vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer
Example 8 After being stung, put something cold on it.
mark aux:pass advcl punct obj amod case obl punct root After SCONJ being AUX stung VERB , PUNCT put VERB something PRON cold ADJ on ADP it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 After after SCONJ _ 3 stung mark 2 being be AUX Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 stung aux:pass 3 stung sting VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 put advcl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 stung punct 5 put put VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 6 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 5 put obj 7 cold cold ADJ Degree=Pos 6 something amod 8 on on ADP _ 9 it case 9 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 put obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 put punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sting gerund · passive you not said here vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle» 2 put imperative you not said here something it vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent something=Theme on it=Destination
Example 9 A BOY was stung by a Nettle.
det nsubj:pass aux:pass case det obl punct root A DET BOY PROPN was AUX stung VERB by ADP a DET Nettle NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 BOY det 2 BOY BOY PROPN Number=Sing 4 stung nsubj:pass 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 stung aux:pass 4 stung sting VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 by by ADP _ 7 Nettle case 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 Nettle det 7 Nettle nettle NOUN Number=Sing 4 stung obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 stung punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sting past · passive a Nettle a BOY vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus subject=Experiencer
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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