stunted Who acts: plant, trees, Wind, results, Our, war · What happens: stunt, mean, stop, slow, live, describe · To what, where: growth, something, plant, dark, Children, plants · Speech: someone speaks here
«stunted» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: stunted in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Stunted means smaller or shorter than normal because growth has been stopped or slowed, often by poor food, illness or a hard place to live.
The tree, 25 words nsubj xcomp cc conj case obl mark nsubj aux aux:pass ccomp cc conj punct advmod case amod parataxis punct conj cc det amod conj mark acl punct root Stunted VERB means VERB smaller ADJ or CCONJ shorter ADJ than ADP normal ADJ because SCONJ growth NOUN has AUX been AUX stopped VERB or CCONJ slowed VERB , PUNCT often ADV by ADP poor ADJ food NOUN , PUNCT illness NOUN or CCONJ a DET hard ADJ place NOUN to PART live VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Stunted stunt VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 smaller small ADJ Degree=Cmp 2 means xcomp 4 or or CCONJ _ 5 shorter cc 5 shorter short ADJ Degree=Cmp 3 smaller conj 6 than than ADP _ 7 normal case 7 normal normal ADJ Degree=Pos 5 shorter obl 8 because because SCONJ _ 12 stopped mark 9 growth growth NOUN Number=Sing 12 stopped nsubj 10 has have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 stopped aux 11 been be AUX Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 12 stopped aux:pass 12 stopped stop VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 means ccomp 13 or or CCONJ _ 14 slowed cc 14 slowed slow VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 12 stopped conj 15 , , PUNCT _ 19 food punct 16 often often ADV _ 19 food advmod 17 by by ADP _ 19 food case 18 poor poor ADJ Degree=Pos 19 food amod 19 food food NOUN Number=Sing 12 stopped parataxis 20 , , PUNCT _ 21 illness punct 21 illness illness NOUN Number=Sing 19 food conj 22 or or CCONJ _ 25 place cc 23 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 25 place det 24 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 25 place amod 25 place place NOUN Number=Sing 19 food conj 26 to to PART _ 27 live mark 27 live live VERB VerbForm=Inf 25 place acl 28 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stunt participle tree rules 2 mean present small property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 stop present · perfect · passive growth vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: subject=Eventuality 4 slow participle vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 5 live to-infinitive vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Stunted can describe something that has not developed properly, like stunted progress.
advcl aux obj nsubj:pass aux advmod acl:relcl advmod punct case amod parataxis punct root Stunted VERB can AUX describe VERB something PRON that PRON has AUX not PART developed VERB properly ADV , PUNCT like ADP stunted VERB progress NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Stunted stunt VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 describe advcl 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 describe aux 3 describe describe VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 4 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 3 describe obj 5 that that PRON PronType=Rel 8 developed nsubj:pass 6 has have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 developed aux 7 not not PART Polarity=Neg 8 developed advmod 8 developed develop VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 something acl:relcl 9 properly properly ADV _ 8 developed advmod 10 , , PUNCT _ 13 progress punct 11 like like ADP _ 13 progress case 12 stunted stunt VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 13 progress amod 13 progress progress NOUN Number=Sing 8 developed parataxis 14 . . PUNCT _ 3 describe punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stunt participle tree rules 2 describe can something vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent something=Theme 3 not develop present · perfect · passive properly property vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Product 4 stunt participle tree rules
Example 1 The plant kept in the dark was pale and stunted.
det nsubj acl case det obl cop cc conj punct root The DET plant NOUN kept VERB in ADP the DET dark NOUN was AUX pale ADJ and CCONJ stunted VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 plant det 2 plant plant NOUN Number=Sing 8 pale nsubj 3 kept keep VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 plant acl 4 in in ADP _ 6 dark case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 dark det 6 dark dark NOUN Number=Sing 3 kept obl 7 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 pale cop 8 pale pale ADJ Degree=Pos root root 9 and and CCONJ _ 10 stunted cc 10 stunted stunt VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 pale conj 11 . . PUNCT _ 8 pale punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 keep participle the plant not said here the dark vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in dark=Location 2 is past the plant pale property tree rules 3 stunt participle the plant not said here tree rules
Example 2 High on the mountain only stunted trees could grow.
case det obl advmod advcl nsubj aux ccomp punct root High ADJ on ADP the DET mountain NOUN only ADV stunted VERB trees NOUN could AUX grow VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 High high ADJ Degree=Pos root root 2 on on ADP _ 4 mountain case 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 mountain det 4 mountain mountain NOUN Number=Sing 1 High obl 5 only only ADV _ 6 stunted advmod 6 stunted stunt VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 1 High advcl 7 trees tree NOUN Number=Plur 9 grow nsubj 8 could could AUX VerbForm=Fin 9 grow aux 9 grow grow VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 stunted ccomp 10 . . PUNCT _ 1 High punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stunt past tree rules 2 grow could trees vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 3 Children without enough food can have stunted growth.
nsubj:pass case amod nmod aux aux obj punct root Children NOUN without ADP enough ADJ food NOUN can AUX have AUX stunted VERB growth NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Children child NOUN Number=Plur 7 stunted nsubj:pass 2 without without ADP _ 4 food case 3 enough enough ADJ Degree=Pos 4 food amod 4 food food NOUN Number=Sing 1 Children nmod 5 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 7 stunted aux 6 have have AUX VerbForm=Inf 7 stunted aux 7 stunted stunt VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 8 growth growth NOUN Number=Sing 7 stunted obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 7 stunted punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stunt can · perfect · passive Children without enough food tree rules
Example 4 Wind and salt left the trees stunted and bent.
nsubj cc conj det nsubj ccomp cc conj punct root Wind NOUN and CCONJ salt NOUN left VERB the DET trees NOUN stunted VERB and CCONJ bent ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Wind wind NOUN Number=Sing 4 left nsubj 2 and and CCONJ _ 3 salt cc 3 salt salt NOUN Number=Sing 1 Wind conj 4 left leave VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 trees det 6 trees tree NOUN Number=Plur 7 stunted nsubj 7 stunted stunt VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 left ccomp 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 bent cc 9 bent bent ADJ Degree=Pos 7 stunted conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 left punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 leave past Wind and salt tree rules 2 stunt past the trees tree rules
Example 5 Our results showed that plants with no water were stunted.
nmod:poss nsubj mark nsubj case det nmod aux:pass ccomp punct root Our PRON results NOUN showed VERB that SCONJ plants NOUN with ADP no DET water NOUN were AUX stunted VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 results nmod:poss 2 results result NOUN Number=Plur 3 showed nsubj 3 showed show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 that that SCONJ _ 10 stunted mark 5 plants plant NOUN Number=Plur 10 stunted nsubj 6 with with ADP _ 8 water case 7 no no DET PronType=Neg 8 water det 8 water water NOUN Number=Sing 5 plants nmod 9 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 10 stunted aux:pass 10 stunted stunt VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 showed ccomp 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 showed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show past Our results vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 stunt past · passive plants with no water tree rules 3 result Our nom result «phenomenon transitive»: poss=agent
Example 6 The war stunted the town's growth for many years.
det nsubj det nmod:poss case obj case amod obl punct root The DET war NOUN stunted VERB the DET town NOUN 's PART growth NOUN for ADP many ADJ years NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 war det 2 war war NOUN Number=Sing 3 stunted nsubj 3 stunted stunt VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 town det 5 town town NOUN Number=Sing 7 growth nmod:poss 6 's 's PART _ 5 town case 7 growth growth NOUN Number=Sing 3 stunted obj 8 for for ADP _ 10 years case 9 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 10 years amod 10 years year NOUN Number=Plur 3 stunted obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 stunted punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stunt past the war the town's growth year tree rules 2 grow the town nom growth «process intransitive»: poss=agent
Example 7 Just look! that rose is all slug-eaten, and this one is stunted!
The tree, 13 words advmod punct det obj cop nmod compound punct acl:relcl punct cc det nsubj:pass aux:pass conj punct root Just ADV look VERB ! PUNCT that DET rose NOUN is AUX all DET slug NOUN - PUNCT eaten VERB , PUNCT and CCONJ this DET one NOUN is AUX stunted VERB ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Just just ADV _ 2 look advmod 2 look look VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 ! ! PUNCT _ 2 look punct 4 that that DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 5 rose det 5 rose rose NOUN Number=Sing 2 look obj 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 all cop 7 all all DET PronType=Tot 5 rose nmod 8 slug slug NOUN Number=Sing 10 eaten compound 9 - - PUNCT _ 8 slug punct 10 eaten eat VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 all acl:relcl 11 , , PUNCT _ 16 stunted punct 12 and and CCONJ _ 16 stunted cc 13 this this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 14 one det 14 one one NOUN Number=Sing 16 stunted nsubj:pass 15 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 16 stunted aux:pass 16 stunted stunt VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 all conj 17 ! ! PUNCT _ 2 look punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 look imperative you not said here that rose all vn seem-109-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme rose=Attribute 2 eat participle vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 stunt present · passive this one tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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