stunting Who acts: Stunting, something, Lack, Charities, Smoking, children · What happens: be, not grow, lack, stunt, mean, stop · To what, where: something, light, growth, stunts, bean plants, sunlight
«stunting» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: stunting in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Stunting is when something, especially a child or a plant, does not grow as tall or as well as it should, often because of poor food, illness or lack of light.
The tree, 31 words nsubj cop advmod punct advmod det nmod cc det conj punct aux advmod parataxis case xcomp cc cc fixed mark nsubj advcl punct advmod case fixed amod obl punct conj cc conj case nmod punct root Stunting NOUN is AUX when ADV something PRON , PUNCT especially ADV a DET child NOUN or CCONJ a DET plant NOUN , PUNCT does AUX not PART grow VERB as ADP tall ADJ or CCONJ as ADV well ADV as SCONJ it PRON should AUX , PUNCT often ADV because ADP of ADP poor ADJ food NOUN , PUNCT illness NOUN or CCONJ lack NOUN of ADP light NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Stunting stunting NOUN Number=Sing 4 something nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 something cop 3 when when ADV PronType=Int 4 something advmod 4 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind root root 5 , , PUNCT _ 8 child punct 6 especially especially ADV _ 8 child advmod 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 child det 8 child child NOUN Number=Sing 4 something nmod 9 or or CCONJ _ 11 plant cc 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 plant det 11 plant plant NOUN Number=Sing 8 child conj 12 , , PUNCT _ 15 grow punct 13 does do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 15 grow aux 14 not not PART Polarity=Neg 15 grow advmod 15 grow grow VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 something parataxis 16 as as ADP _ 17 tall case 17 tall tall ADJ Degree=Pos 15 grow xcomp 18 or or CCONJ _ 23 should cc 19 as as ADV ExtPos=CCONJ 23 should cc 20 well well ADV Degree=Pos 19 as fixed 21 as as SCONJ _ 23 should mark 22 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 23 should nsubj 23 should should AUX VerbForm=Fin 17 tall advcl 24 , , PUNCT _ 29 food punct 25 often often ADV _ 29 food advmod 26 because because ADP ExtPos=ADP 29 food case 27 of of ADP _ 26 because fixed 28 poor poor ADJ Degree=Pos 29 food amod 29 food food NOUN Number=Sing 15 grow obl 30 , , PUNCT _ 31 illness punct 31 illness illness NOUN Number=Sing 29 food conj 32 or or CCONJ _ 33 lack cc 33 lack lack NOUN Number=Sing 29 food conj 34 of of ADP _ 35 light case 35 light light NOUN Number=Sing 33 lack nmod 36 . . PUNCT _ 4 something punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Stunting something a child or a plant nmod tree rules 2 not grow present · do-support because poor food and illness or lack of light; tall property vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 lack light nom lack «state transitive»: of=patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 As a verb form, stunting means stopping or slowing something's growth or development.
The tree, 14 words case det compound obl punct nsubj xcomp cc conj nmod:poss case obj cc conj punct root As ADP a DET verb NOUN form NOUN , PUNCT stunting VERB means VERB stopping VERB or CCONJ slowing VERB something PRON 's PART growth NOUN or CCONJ development NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 As as ADP _ 4 form case 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 form det 3 verb verb NOUN Number=Sing 4 form compound 4 form form NOUN Number=Sing 7 means obl 5 , , PUNCT _ 4 form punct 6 stunting stunt VERB VerbForm=Ger 7 means nsubj 7 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 8 stopping stop VERB VerbForm=Ger 7 means xcomp 9 or or CCONJ _ 10 slowing cc 10 slowing slow VERB VerbForm=Ger 8 stopping conj 11 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 13 growth nmod:poss 12 's 's PART _ 11 something case 13 growth growth NOUN Number=Sing 10 slowing obj 14 or or CCONJ _ 15 development cc 15 development development NOUN Number=Sing 13 growth conj 16 . . PUNCT _ 7 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stunt gerund tree rules 2 mean present as a verb form vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 stop not said to happen gerund vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality 4 slow gerund something's growth or development vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent growth=Patient 5 grow something nom growth «process intransitive»: poss=agent
Meaning 3 Stunting can also mean doing stunts: daring tricks on bikes, skateboards, cars or planes.
The tree, 14 words nsubj aux advmod xcomp obj punct amod parataxis case nmod punct conj punct conj cc conj punct root Stunting VERB can AUX also ADV mean VERB doing VERB stunts NOUN : PUNCT daring VERB tricks NOUN on ADP bikes NOUN , PUNCT skateboards NOUN , PUNCT cars NOUN or CCONJ planes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Stunting stunt VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 mean nsubj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 mean aux 3 also also ADV _ 4 mean advmod 4 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 doing do VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 mean xcomp 6 stunts stunt NOUN Number=Plur 5 doing obj 7 : : PUNCT _ 9 tricks punct 8 daring dare VERB VerbForm=Ger 9 tricks amod 9 tricks trick NOUN Number=Plur 4 mean parataxis 10 on on ADP _ 11 bikes case 11 bikes bike NOUN Number=Plur 9 tricks nmod 12 , , PUNCT _ 13 skateboards punct 13 skateboards skateboard NOUN Number=Plur 9 tricks conj 14 , , PUNCT _ 15 cars punct 15 cars car NOUN Number=Plur 9 tricks conj 16 or or CCONJ _ 17 planes cc 17 planes plane NOUN Number=Plur 15 cars conj 18 . . PUNCT _ 4 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stunt gerund tree rules 2 mean can vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 do not said to happen gerund stunts vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stunt=Eventuality 4 dare gerund vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Example 1 Lack of sunlight caused stunting in our bean plants.
nsubj case nmod xcomp case nmod:poss compound obl punct root Lack NOUN of ADP sunlight NOUN caused VERB stunting VERB in ADP our PRON bean NOUN plants NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Lack lack NOUN Number=Sing 4 caused nsubj 2 of of ADP _ 3 sunlight case 3 sunlight sunlight NOUN Number=Sing 1 Lack nmod 4 caused cause VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 stunting stunt VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 caused xcomp 6 in in ADP _ 9 plants case 7 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 plants nmod:poss 8 bean bean NOUN Number=Sing 9 plants compound 9 plants plant NOUN Number=Plur 5 stunting obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 caused punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cause past Lack of sunlight tree rules 2 stunt gerund Lack of sunlight not said here our bean plants tree rules 3 lack sunlight nom lack «state transitive»: of=patient
Example 2 Charities work to reduce stunting in young children.
nsubj mark advcl xcomp case amod obl punct root Charities NOUN work VERB to PART reduce VERB stunting VERB in ADP young ADJ children NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Charities charity NOUN Number=Plur 2 work nsubj 2 work work VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to PART _ 4 reduce mark 4 reduce reduce VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 work advcl 5 stunting stunt VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 reduce xcomp 6 in in ADP _ 8 children case 7 young young ADJ Degree=Pos 8 children amod 8 children child NOUN Number=Plur 5 stunting obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 work punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 work present Charities vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 reduce to-infinitive Charities not said here vn limit-76 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Causer clause=Goal 3 stunt gerund Charities not said here in young children tree rules
Example 3 Smoking around children risks stunting their lung growth.
csubj case obl xcomp nmod:poss compound obj punct root Smoking VERB around ADP children NOUN risks VERB stunting VERB their PRON lung NOUN growth NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Smoking smoke VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 risks csubj 2 around around ADP _ 3 children case 3 children child NOUN Number=Plur 1 Smoking obl 4 risks risk VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 stunting stunt VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 risks xcomp 6 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 growth nmod:poss 7 lung lung NOUN Number=Sing 8 growth compound 8 growth growth NOUN Number=Sing 5 stunting obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 risks punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 smoke gerund around children vn eat-39.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 risk present Smoking vn risk-94-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme 3 stunt gerund Smoking not said here children's lung growth tree rules 4 grow children = child nom growth «process intransitive»: poss=agent
Example 4 Bad food in early life can lead to stunting.
amod nsubj case amod nmod aux case obl punct root Bad ADJ food NOUN in ADP early ADJ life NOUN can AUX lead VERB to ADP stunting NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Bad bad ADJ Degree=Pos 2 food amod 2 food food NOUN Number=Sing 7 lead nsubj 3 in in ADP _ 5 life case 4 early early ADJ Degree=Pos 5 life amod 5 life life NOUN Number=Sing 2 food nmod 6 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 7 lead aux 7 lead lead VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 8 to to ADP _ 9 stunting case 9 stunting stunting NOUN Number=Sing 7 lead obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 7 lead punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lead can Bad food in early life to stunting vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition to stunting=Patient
Example 5 The cold winds were stunting the trees on the hill.
det amod nsubj aux det obj case det obl punct root The DET cold ADJ winds NOUN were AUX stunting VERB the DET trees NOUN on ADP the DET hill NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 winds det 2 cold cold ADJ Degree=Pos 3 winds amod 3 winds wind NOUN Number=Plur 5 stunting nsubj 4 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 stunting aux 5 stunting stunt VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 trees det 7 trees tree NOUN Number=Plur 5 stunting obj 8 on on ADP _ 10 hill case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 hill det 10 hill hill NOUN Number=Sing 5 stunting obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 stunting punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stunt past · progressive the cold winds the trees the hill tree rules
Example 6 The bikers were stunting in the car park.
det nsubj aux case det compound obl punct root The DET bikers NOUN were AUX stunting VERB in ADP the DET car NOUN park NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 bikers det 2 bikers biker NOUN Number=Plur 4 stunting nsubj 3 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 stunting aux 4 stunting stunt VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 in in ADP _ 8 park case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 park det 7 car car NOUN Number=Sing 8 park compound 8 park park NOUN Number=Sing 4 stunting obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 stunting punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stunt past · progressive the bikers the car park tree rules
Example 7 Our class graph showed stunting in the plants without water.
nmod:poss compound nsubj xcomp case det obl case obl punct root Our PRON class NOUN graph NOUN showed VERB stunting VERB in ADP the DET plants NOUN without ADP water NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 graph nmod:poss 2 class class NOUN Number=Sing 3 graph compound 3 graph graph NOUN Number=Sing 4 showed nsubj 4 showed show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 stunting stunt VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 showed xcomp 6 in in ADP _ 8 plants case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 plants det 8 plants plant NOUN Number=Plur 5 stunting obl 9 without without ADP _ 10 water case 10 water water NOUN Number=Sing 5 stunting obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 showed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show past Our class graph vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 stunt gerund Our class graph not said here the plants without water tree rules 3 graph Our nom graph «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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