stutter Who acts: stutter, way, people, engine, He, we · What happens: stutter, be, stop, repeat, mean, speak · To what, where: first sounds, way, short uneven bursts, stutter, him, sentences · Speech: someone speaks here
«stutter» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: stutter in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To stutter is to speak with sudden stops or by repeating the first sounds of words, like «b-b-ball», without meaning to.
The tree, 23 words mark csubj cop mark mark amod advcl cc mark conj det amod obj case nmod punct case punct compound punct compound punct obj punct punct mark advcl xcomp punct root To PART stutter VERB is AUX to PART speak VERB with SCONJ sudden ADJ stops VERB or CCONJ by SCONJ repeating VERB the DET first ADJ sounds NOUN of ADP words NOUN , PUNCT like ADP « PUNCT b NOUN - PUNCT b NOUN - PUNCT ball NOUN » PUNCT , PUNCT without SCONJ meaning VERB to PART . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 stutter mark 2 stutter stutter VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 speak csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 speak cop 4 to to PART _ 5 speak mark 5 speak speak VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 with with SCONJ _ 8 stops mark 7 sudden sudden ADJ Degree=Pos 8 stops amod 8 stops stop VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 speak advcl 9 or or CCONJ _ 11 repeating cc 10 by by SCONJ _ 11 repeating mark 11 repeating repeat VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 8 stops conj 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 sounds det 13 first first ADJ Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 14 sounds amod 14 sounds sound NOUN Number=Plur 11 repeating obj 15 of of ADP _ 16 words case 16 words word NOUN Number=Plur 14 sounds nmod 17 , , PUNCT _ 24 ball punct 18 like like ADP _ 24 ball case 19 « « PUNCT _ 24 ball punct 20 b B NOUN Number=Sing 24 ball compound 21 - - PUNCT _ 20 b punct 22 b B NOUN Number=Sing 24 ball compound 23 - - PUNCT _ 24 ball punct 24 ball ball NOUN Number=Sing 11 repeating obj 25 » » PUNCT _ 24 ball punct 26 , , PUNCT _ 28 meaning punct 27 without without SCONJ _ 28 meaning mark 28 meaning mean VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 5 speak advcl 29 to to PART _ 28 meaning xcomp 30 . . PUNCT _ 5 speak punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stutter speech: other to-infinitive vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 be speech: other present speak property tree rules 3 stop present vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality 4 repeat gerund the first sounds of words tree rules 5 mean gerund vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A stutter is this way of speaking, which some people have for a long time.
The tree, 15 words det nsubj cop det mark acl punct obj det nsubj conj case det amod obl punct root A DET stutter NOUN is AUX this DET way NOUN of SCONJ speaking VERB , PUNCT which PRON some DET people NOUN have VERB for ADP a DET long ADJ time NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 stutter det 2 stutter stutter NOUN Number=Sing 5 way nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 way cop 4 this this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 5 way det 5 way way NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of SCONJ _ 7 speaking mark 7 speaking speak VERB VerbForm=Ger 5 way acl 8 , , PUNCT _ 12 have punct 9 which which PRON PronType=Rel 12 have obj 10 some some DET PronType=Ind 11 people det 11 people people NOUN Number=Plur 12 have nsubj 12 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 way conj 13 for for ADP _ 16 time case 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 time det 15 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 16 time amod 16 time time NOUN Number=Sing 12 have obl 17 . . PUNCT _ 5 way punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a stutter this way tree rules 2 speak speech: other gerund this way not said here vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 have present some people this way time vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent which=Patient
Meaning 3 An engine or machine stutters when it runs in short, uneven bursts.
det nsubj cc compound conj advmod nsubj case amod punct amod obl punct root An DET engine NOUN or CCONJ machine NOUN stutters NOUN when ADV it PRON runs VERB in ADP short ADJ , PUNCT uneven ADJ bursts NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 engine det 2 engine engine NOUN Number=Sing 8 runs nsubj 3 or or CCONJ _ 5 stutters cc 4 machine machine NOUN Number=Sing 5 stutters compound 5 stutters stutter NOUN Number=Plur 2 engine conj 6 when when ADV PronType=Int 8 runs advmod 7 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 runs nsubj 8 runs run VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 9 in in ADP _ 13 bursts case 10 short short ADJ Degree=Pos 13 bursts amod 11 , , PUNCT _ 10 short punct 12 uneven uneven ADJ Degree=Pos 13 bursts amod 13 bursts burst NOUN Number=Plur 8 runs obl 14 . . PUNCT _ 8 runs punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 run present a engine or machine stutters short uneven bursts vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in burst=Trajectory
Example 1 He has a stutter, so we let him finish his sentences.
nsubj det obj punct advmod nsubj parataxis obj xcomp nmod:poss obj punct root He PRON has VERB a DET stutter NOUN , PUNCT so ADV we PRON let VERB him PRON finish VERB his PRON sentences NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 has nsubj 2 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 stutter det 4 stutter stutter NOUN Number=Sing 2 has obj 5 , , PUNCT _ 8 let punct 6 so so ADV _ 8 let advmod 7 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 8 let nsubj 8 let let VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 has parataxis 9 him he PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 let obj 10 finish finish VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 let xcomp 11 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 12 sentences nmod:poss 12 sentences sentence NOUN Number=Plur 10 finish obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 2 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present He a stutter vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stutter=Patient 2 let present we him = he tree rules 3 finish infinitive him = he not said here his sentences vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality sentence=Eventuality 4 sentence his = he nom sentence «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 2 «I-I-I don't know,» she stuttered.
punct nsubj punct nsubj punct nsubj aux advmod parataxis punct punct nsubj punct root « PUNCT I PRON - PUNCT I PRON - PUNCT I PRON do AUX n't PART know VERB , PUNCT » PUNCT she PRON stuttered VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 4 I punct 2 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 I nsubj 3 - - PUNCT _ 4 I punct 4 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 13 stuttered nsubj 5 - - PUNCT _ 9 know punct 6 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 9 know nsubj 7 do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 know aux 8 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 9 know advmod 9 know know VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 I parataxis 10 , , PUNCT _ 9 know punct 11 » » PUNCT _ 4 I punct 12 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 13 stuttered nsubj 13 stuttered stutter VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 14 . . PUNCT _ 13 stuttered punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not know in a quote present · do-support I vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer 2 stutter speech: other past vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 3 A speech therapist helps children who stutter.
det compound nsubj obj nsubj acl:relcl punct root A DET speech NOUN therapist NOUN helps VERB children NOUN who PRON stutter VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 therapist det 2 speech speech NOUN Number=Sing 3 therapist compound 3 therapist therapist NOUN Number=Sing 4 helps nsubj 4 helps help VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 children child NOUN Number=Plur 4 helps obj 6 who who PRON PronType=Rel 7 stutter nsubj 7 stutter stutter VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 children acl:relcl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 helps punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 help present a speech therapist children vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent child=Beneficiary 2 stutter speech: other present children vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 4 Never laugh at someone's stutter.
advmod case nmod:poss case obl punct root Never ADV laugh VERB at ADP someone PRON 's PART stutter NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Never never ADV PronType=Neg 2 laugh advmod 2 laugh laugh VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 at at ADP _ 6 stutter case 4 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 6 stutter nmod:poss 5 's 's PART _ 4 someone case 6 stutter stutter NOUN Number=Sing 2 laugh obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 laugh punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not laugh imperative you not said here someone's stutter vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 stutter someone nom stutter «state transitive»: poss=agent
Example 5 The old car's engine stuttered and stopped.
det amod nmod:poss case nsubj cc conj punct root The DET old ADJ car NOUN 's PART engine NOUN stuttered VERB and CCONJ stopped VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 car det 2 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 3 car amod 3 car car NOUN Number=Sing 5 engine nmod:poss 4 's 's PART _ 3 car case 5 engine engine NOUN Number=Sing 6 stuttered nsubj 6 stuttered stutter VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 stopped cc 8 stopped stop VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 stuttered conj 9 . . PUNCT _ 6 stuttered punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stutter speech: other past the old car's engine vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 stop past the old car's engine not said here vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
Example 6 When I am scared I sometimes stutter.
mark nsubj cop nsubj advmod parataxis punct root When SCONJ I PRON am AUX scared ADJ I PRON sometimes ADV stutter VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 When when SCONJ _ 4 scared mark 2 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 scared nsubj 3 am be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 scared cop 4 scared scared ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 7 stutter nsubj 6 sometimes sometimes ADV PronType=Ind 7 stutter advmod 7 stutter stutter VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 scared parataxis 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 scared punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present I scared property tree rules 2 stutter speech: other present I sometimes property vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 7 Many famous people have had a stutter.
amod amod nsubj aux det obj punct root Many ADJ famous ADJ people NOUN have AUX had VERB a DET stutter NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Many many ADJ Degree=Pos 3 people amod 2 famous famous ADJ Degree=Pos 3 people amod 3 people people NOUN Number=Plur 5 had nsubj 4 have have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 had aux 5 had have VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part root root 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 stutter det 7 stutter stutter NOUN Number=Sing 5 had obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present · perfect Many famous people a stutter vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stutter=Patient
Example 8 As soon as he regained the use of his senses, he said, trembling and stuttering from fright:
The tree, 17 words advmod advmod mark nsubj det obj case nmod:poss nmod punct nsubj conj punct advcl cc conj case obl punct root As ADV soon ADV as SCONJ he PRON regained VERB the DET use NOUN of ADP his PRON senses NOUN , PUNCT he PRON said VERB , PUNCT trembling VERB and CCONJ stuttering VERB from ADP fright NOUN : PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 As as ADV _ 2 soon advmod 2 soon soon ADV Degree=Pos 5 regained advmod 3 as as SCONJ _ 5 regained mark 4 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 regained nsubj 5 regained regain VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 use det 7 use use NOUN Number=Sing 5 regained obj 8 of of ADP _ 10 senses case 9 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 senses nmod:poss 10 senses sens NOUN Number=Plur 7 use nmod 11 , , PUNCT _ 13 said punct 12 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 13 said nsubj 13 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 regained conj 14 , , PUNCT _ 15 trembling punct 15 trembling tremble VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 13 said advcl 16 and and CCONJ _ 17 stuttering cc 17 stuttering stutter VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 15 trembling conj 18 from from ADP _ 19 fright case 19 fright fright NOUN Number=Sing 17 stuttering obl 20 : : PUNCT _ 5 regained punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 regain past he the use of his senses soon property vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent use=Theme 2 say speech: assert past he vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 3 tremble gerund he not said here vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme 4 stutter speech: other gerund he not said here fright vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent 5 use his senses nom use «act transitive»: of=patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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