subsoil Who acts: Subsoil, Deep roots, builders, garden, Worms, you · What happens: be, have, lie, grow down, dig, draw · To what, where: layer, top layer, less humus, rock, colour, subsoil
«subsoil» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: subsoil in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Subsoil is the layer of soil under the top layer (topsoil); it has less humus, is often harder, and lies above the rock.
The tree, 23 words nsubj cop det case nmod case det amod nmod punct appos punct punct nsubj parataxis amod obj punct cop advmod conj punct cc conj case det obl punct root Subsoil NOUN is AUX the DET layer NOUN of ADP soil NOUN under ADP the DET top ADJ layer NOUN ( PUNCT topsoil NOUN ) PUNCT ; PUNCT it PRON has VERB less ADJ humus NOUN , PUNCT is AUX often ADV harder ADJ , PUNCT and CCONJ lies VERB above ADP the DET rock NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Subsoil subsoil NOUN Number=Sing 4 layer nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 layer cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 layer det 4 layer layer NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 of of ADP _ 6 soil case 6 soil soil NOUN Number=Sing 4 layer nmod 7 under under ADP _ 10 layer case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 layer det 9 top top ADJ Degree=Pos 10 layer amod 10 layer layer NOUN Number=Sing 4 layer nmod 11 ( ( PUNCT _ 12 topsoil punct 12 topsoil topsoil NOUN Number=Sing 10 layer appos 13 ) ) PUNCT _ 12 topsoil punct 14 ; ; PUNCT _ 16 has punct 15 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 16 has nsubj 16 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 layer parataxis 17 less less ADJ Degree=Cmp 18 humus amod 18 humus humus NOUN Number=Sing 16 has obj 19 , , PUNCT _ 22 harder punct 20 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 22 harder cop 21 often often ADV _ 22 harder advmod 22 harder hard ADJ Degree=Cmp 16 has conj 23 , , PUNCT _ 25 lies punct 24 and and CCONJ _ 25 lies cc 25 lies lie VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 16 has conj 26 above above ADP _ 28 rock case 27 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 28 rock det 28 rock rock NOUN Number=Sing 25 lies obl 29 . . PUNCT _ 4 layer punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Subsoil the layer the top layer of soil tree rules 2 have present Subsoil less humus vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent humus=Patient 3 is present Subsoil not said here hard, often property tree rules 4 lie present Subsoil not said here the rock vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent above rock=Location
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Example 1 The subsoil is lighter in colour than the topsoil.
det nsubj cop case obl case det obl punct root The DET subsoil NOUN is AUX lighter ADJ in ADP colour NOUN than ADP the DET topsoil NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 subsoil det 2 subsoil subsoil NOUN Number=Sing 4 lighter nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 lighter cop 4 lighter light ADJ Degree=Cmp root root 5 in in ADP _ 6 colour case 6 colour colour NOUN Number=Sing 4 lighter obl 7 than than ADP _ 9 topsoil case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 topsoil det 9 topsoil topsoil NOUN Number=Sing 4 lighter obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 lighter punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the subsoil colour than the topsoil; light property tree rules
Example 2 Deep roots grow down into the subsoil.
amod nsubj advmod case det obl punct root Deep ADJ roots NOUN grow VERB down ADV into ADP the DET subsoil NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Deep deep ADJ Degree=Pos 2 roots amod 2 roots root NOUN Number=Plur 3 grow nsubj 3 grow grow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 down down ADV _ 3 grow advmod 5 into into ADP _ 7 subsoil case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 subsoil det 7 subsoil subsoil NOUN Number=Sing 3 grow obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 grow punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grow down present Deep roots into the subsoil result ; down property vn become-109.1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient into subsoil=Result
Example 3 The builders dug through the subsoil to the rock.
det nsubj case det obl case det obl punct root The DET builders NOUN dug VERB through ADP the DET subsoil NOUN to ADP the DET rock NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 builders det 2 builders builder NOUN Number=Plur 3 dug nsubj 3 dug dig VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 through through ADP _ 6 subsoil case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 subsoil det 6 subsoil subsoil NOUN Number=Sing 3 dug obl 7 to to ADP _ 9 rock case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 rock det 9 rock rock NOUN Number=Sing 3 dug obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 dug punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 dig past the builders the subsoil to the rock vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent through subsoil=Location
Example 4 Our garden has a heavy clay subsoil.
nmod:poss nsubj det amod compound obj punct root Our PRON garden NOUN has VERB a DET heavy ADJ clay NOUN subsoil NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 garden nmod:poss 2 garden garden NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 subsoil det 5 heavy heavy ADJ Degree=Pos 7 subsoil amod 6 clay clay NOUN Number=Sing 7 subsoil compound 7 subsoil subsoil NOUN Number=Sing 3 has obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present Our garden a heavy clay subsoil vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subsoil=Patient
Example 5 Worms are fewer in the subsoil than in the topsoil.
nsubj cop case det obl case case det obl punct root Worms NOUN are AUX fewer ADJ in ADP the DET subsoil NOUN than ADP in ADP the DET topsoil NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Worms worm NOUN Number=Plur 3 fewer nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 fewer cop 3 fewer few ADJ Degree=Cmp root root 4 in in ADP _ 6 subsoil case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 subsoil det 6 subsoil subsoil NOUN Number=Sing 3 fewer obl 7 than than ADP _ 10 topsoil case 8 in in ADP _ 10 topsoil case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 topsoil det 10 topsoil topsoil NOUN Number=Sing 3 fewer obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 fewer punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Worms the subsoil than the topsoil; few property tree rules
Example 6 Draw the layers: topsoil, subsoil and bedrock.
det obj punct appos punct conj cc conj punct root Draw VERB the DET layers NOUN : PUNCT topsoil NOUN , PUNCT subsoil NOUN and CCONJ bedrock NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Draw draw VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 layers det 3 layers layer NOUN Number=Plur 1 Draw obj 4 : : PUNCT _ 5 topsoil punct 5 topsoil topsoil NOUN Number=Sing 3 layers appos 6 , , PUNCT _ 7 subsoil punct 7 subsoil subsoil NOUN Number=Sing 5 topsoil conj 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 bedrock cc 9 bedrock bedrock NOUN Number=Sing 5 topsoil conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 1 Draw punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 draw imperative you not said here the layers vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent layer=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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