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substance

Who acts: Something, Water, substance, strange green substance, you, Cleaning products · What happens: mean, not talk, be, ooze, not taste, clean · To what, where: something, substance, solid, tube, unknown substance, harmful substances · Speech: someone speaks here

«substance» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: substance in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

A material or kind of matter with particular qualities, like a sticky substance, or a chemical substance such as water, salt or iron.

The tree, 23 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 material	det
2	material	material	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	or	or	CCONJ	_	4 kind	cc
4	kind	kind	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 material	conj
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 matter	case
6	matter	matter	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 material	nmod
7	with	with	ADP	_	9 qualities	case
8	particular	particular	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 qualities	amod
9	qualities	quality	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 matter	nmod
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 substance	punct
11	like	like	ADP	_	14 substance	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 substance	det
13	sticky	sticky	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 substance	amod
14	substance	substance	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 qualities	nmod
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 substance	punct
16	or	or	CCONJ	_	19 substance	cc
17	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	19 substance	det
18	chemical	chemical	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 substance	amod
19	substance	substance	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 substance	appos
20	such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP	22 water	case
21	as	as	ADP	_	20 such	fixed
22	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 substance	nmod
23	,	,	PUNCT	_	24 salt	punct
24	salt	salt	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 substance	parataxis
25	or	or	CCONJ	_	26 iron	cc
26	iron	iron	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 salt	conj
27	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 material	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Meaning 2

The most important part or real meaning of something: the substance of the story.

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 part	det
2	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	3 important	advmod
3	important	important	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 part	amod
4	part	part	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	or	or	CCONJ	_	7 meaning	cc
6	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 meaning	amod
7	meaning	meaning	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 part	conj
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 something	case
9	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	7 meaning	nmod
10	:	:	PUNCT	_	12 substance	punct
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 substance	det
12	substance	substance	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 something	appos
13	of	of	ADP	_	15 story	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 story	det
15	story	story	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 substance	nmod
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 part	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mean			something					nom meaning «communication transitive»: of=patient

Meaning 3

Something solid and real, not just talk: there was no substance to the rumour.

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	13 substance	nsubj
2	solid	solid	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Something	amod
3	and	and	CCONJ	_	4 real	cc
4	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 solid	conj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 talk	punct
6	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	8 talk	advmod
7	just	just	ADV	_	8 talk	advmod
8	talk	talk	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	1 Something	conj
9	:	:	PUNCT	_	11 was	punct
10	there	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	11 was	expl
11	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	13 substance	cop
12	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	13 substance	det
13	substance	substance	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
14	to	to	ADP	_	16 rumour	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 rumour	det
16	rumour	rumour	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 substance	nmod
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	13 substance	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not talk	infinitive	Something not said here						vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	is a	past	Something	no substance				to the rumour	tree rules

Example 1

Water is a substance that can be a solid, a liquid or a gas.

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 substance	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 substance	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 substance	det
4	substance	substance	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 solid	nsubj
6	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	9 solid	aux
7	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	9 solid	cop
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 solid	det
9	solid	solid	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 substance	acl:relcl
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 liquid	punct
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 liquid	det
12	liquid	liquid	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 solid	conj
13	or	or	CCONJ	_	15 gas	cc
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 gas	det
15	gas	gas	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 solid	conj
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 substance	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Water	a substance					tree rules
2	is a	can	a substance	a solid and a liquid or a gas					tree rules

Example 2

A strange green substance oozed out of the tube.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 substance	det
2	strange	strange	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 substance	amod
3	green	green	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 substance	amod
4	substance	substance	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 oozed	nsubj
5	oozed	ooze	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	out	out	ADP	_	9 tube	case
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 tube	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 tube	det
9	tube	tube	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 oozed	obl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 oozed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ooze	past	a strange green substance			the tube			vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme out tube=Location

Example 3

Never taste an unknown substance.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	2 taste	advmod
2	taste	taste	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 substance	det
4	unknown	unknown	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 substance	amod
5	substance	substance	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 taste	obj
6	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 taste	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not taste	imperative	you not said here	a unknown substance					vn seem-109 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Theme substance=Attribute

Example 4

Cleaning products contain harmful substances.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Cleaning	clean	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 products	amod
2	products	product	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 contain	nsubj
3	contain	contain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	harmful	harmful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 substances	amod
5	substances	substance	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 contain	obj
6	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 contain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	clean	gerund							vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	contain	present	Cleaning products	harmful substances					vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot substance=Theme

Example 5

Salt and sugar are both white substances, but they taste different.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Salt	salt	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 substances	nsubj
2	and	and	CCONJ	_	3 sugar	cc
3	sugar	sugar	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Salt	conj
4	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 substances	cop
5	both	both	ADV	_	7 substances	advmod
6	white	white	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 substances	amod
7	substances	substance	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 taste	punct
9	but	but	CCONJ	_	11 taste	cc
10	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 taste	nsubj
11	taste	taste	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 substances	conj
12	different	different	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 taste	xcomp
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 substances	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Salt and sugar	white substances				both property	tree rules
2	taste	present	Salt					different property	vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus

Example 6

Mixing two substances can make a new substance.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Mixing	mix	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 make	csubj
2	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	3 substances	nummod
3	substances	substance	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Mixing	obj
4	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 make	aux
5	make	make	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 substance	det
7	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 substance	amod
8	substance	substance	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 make	obj
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 make	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mix	gerund		two substances					vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent substance=Patient
2	make	can	Mixing	a new substance					vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset substance=Product

Example 7

The teacher said my essay had good substance.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 teacher	det
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 said	nsubj
3	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 essay	nmod:poss
5	essay	essay	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 had	nsubj
6	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 said	ccomp
7	good	good	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 substance	amod
8	substance	substance	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 had	obj
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 said	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	past	the teacher						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	have	past	my essay	good substance					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent substance=Patient
3	essay		my						nom essay «communication transitive»: poss=agent

Example 8

There was no substance to the rumour.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	There	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	2 was	expl
2	was	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	4 substance	det
4	substance	substance	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 was	nsubj
5	to	to	ADP	_	7 rumour	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 rumour	det
7	rumour	rumour	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 substance	nmod
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 was	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	be	past	no substance to the rumour			there			vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Example 9

The spade struck against a hard substance; it was a stone, that shone dazzling white.

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 spade	det
2	spade	spade	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 struck	nsubj
3	struck	strike	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	against	against	ADP	_	7 substance	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 substance	det
6	hard	hard	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 substance	amod
7	substance	substance	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 struck	obl
8	;	;	PUNCT	_	12 stone	punct
9	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 stone	nsubj
10	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	12 stone	cop
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 stone	det
12	stone	stone	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 struck	obl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 shone	punct
14	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	15 shone	nsubj
15	shone	shine	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	12 stone	acl:relcl
16	dazzling	dazzle	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	15 shone	xcomp
17	white	white	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 dazzling	obj
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 struck	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	strike	past	the spade			a hard substance			vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme against substance=Location
2	is a	past	spade	a stone					tree rules
3	shine	past	a stone						tree rules
4	dazzle	gerund	a stone not said here	white					vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus white=Experiencer

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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