substrate Who acts: substrate, something, enzyme, Mussels, We, Mushrooms · What happens: be, grow on, live on, act on, change, build on · To what, where: surface, material, substance, chemistry, base layer, something
«substrate» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: substrate in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.
A substrate is the surface or material that something grows on or lives on, such as soil, sand, rock or a fish tank's gravel.
The tree, 25 words det nsubj cop det cc conj mark nsubj acl:relcl compound:prt cc conj compound:prt punct case fixed nmod punct conj punct parataxis cc det compound nmod:poss case conj punct root A DET substrate NOUN is AUX the DET surface NOUN or CCONJ material NOUN that SCONJ something PRON grows VERB on ADP or CCONJ lives VERB on ADP , PUNCT such ADJ as ADP soil NOUN , PUNCT sand NOUN , PUNCT rock NOUN or CCONJ a DET fish NOUN tank NOUN 's PART gravel NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 substrate det 2 substrate substrate NOUN Number=Sing 5 surface nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 surface cop 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 surface det 5 surface surface NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 material cc 7 material material NOUN Number=Sing 5 surface conj 8 that that SCONJ _ 10 grows mark 9 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 10 grows nsubj 10 grows grow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 material acl:relcl 11 on on ADP _ 10 grows compound:prt 12 or or CCONJ _ 13 lives cc 13 lives live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 grows conj 14 on on ADP _ 13 lives compound:prt 15 , , PUNCT _ 18 soil punct 16 such such ADJ Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP 18 soil case 17 as as ADP _ 16 such fixed 18 soil soil NOUN Number=Sing 5 surface nmod 19 , , PUNCT _ 20 sand punct 20 sand sand NOUN Number=Sing 18 soil conj 21 , , PUNCT _ 22 rock punct 22 rock rock NOUN Number=Sing 5 surface parataxis 23 or or CCONJ _ 28 gravel cc 24 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 26 tank det 25 fish fish NOUN Number=Sing 26 tank compound 26 tank tank NOUN Number=Sing 28 gravel nmod:poss 27 's 's PART _ 26 tank case 28 gravel gravel NOUN Number=Sing 22 rock conj 29 . . PUNCT _ 5 surface punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a substrate the surface or material such soil and sand tree rules 2 grow on present something material not said here vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location material=Theme 3 live on present something not said here vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.
In chemistry and biology, a substrate is the substance that an enzyme acts on and changes.
The tree, 16 words case obl cc conj punct det nsubj cop det mark det nsubj advcl compound:prt cc conj punct root In ADP chemistry NOUN and CCONJ biology NOUN , PUNCT a DET substrate NOUN is AUX the DET substance NOUN that SCONJ an DET enzyme NOUN acts VERB on ADP and CCONJ changes VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 chemistry case 2 chemistry chemistry NOUN Number=Sing 10 substance obl 3 and and CCONJ _ 4 biology cc 4 biology biology NOUN Number=Sing 2 chemistry conj 5 , , PUNCT _ 2 chemistry punct 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 substrate det 7 substrate substrate NOUN Number=Sing 10 substance nsubj 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 substance cop 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 substance det 10 substance substance NOUN Number=Sing root root 11 that that SCONJ _ 14 acts mark 12 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 enzyme det 13 enzyme enzyme NOUN Number=Sing 14 acts nsubj 14 acts act VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 substance advcl 15 on on ADP _ 14 acts compound:prt 16 and and CCONJ _ 17 changes cc 17 changes change VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 acts conj 18 . . PUNCT _ 10 substance punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a substrate the substance chemistry and biology tree rules 2 act on present a enzyme vn act-114-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 change present a enzyme not said here vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Meaning 3 Usage: technology — kept apart, not parsed.
A substrate is a base layer that something else is built on, like the material under a computer chip.
The tree, 19 words det nsubj cop det compound mark nsubj:pass advmod aux:pass advcl compound:prt punct case det obl case det compound nmod punct root A DET substrate NOUN is AUX a DET base NOUN layer NOUN that SCONJ something PRON else ADV is AUX built VERB on ADP , PUNCT like ADP the DET material NOUN under ADP a DET computer NOUN chip NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 substrate det 2 substrate substrate NOUN Number=Sing 6 layer nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 layer cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 layer det 5 base base NOUN Number=Sing 6 layer compound 6 layer layer NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 that that SCONJ _ 11 built mark 8 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 11 built nsubj:pass 9 else else ADV _ 8 something advmod 10 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 built aux:pass 11 built build VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 layer advcl 12 on on ADP _ 11 built compound:prt 13 , , PUNCT _ 16 material punct 14 like like ADP _ 16 material case 15 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 16 material det 16 material material NOUN Number=Sing 11 built obl 17 under under ADP _ 20 chip case 18 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 20 chip det 19 computer computer NOUN Number=Sing 20 chip compound 20 chip chip NOUN Number=Sing 16 material nmod 21 . . PUNCT _ 6 layer punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a substrate a base layer tree rules 2 build on present · passive something like the material under a computer chip vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product
Example 1 The stream's substrate was gravel and pebbles.
det nmod:poss case nsubj cop cc conj punct root The DET stream NOUN 's PART substrate NOUN was AUX gravel NOUN and CCONJ pebbles NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 stream det 2 stream stream NOUN Number=Sing 4 substrate nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 stream case 4 substrate substrate NOUN Number=Sing 6 gravel nsubj 5 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 gravel cop 6 gravel gravel NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 pebbles cc 8 pebbles pebble NOUN Number=Plur 6 gravel conj 9 . . PUNCT _ 6 gravel punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past the stream's substrate gravel and pebbles tree rules
Example 2 Mussels attach themselves to a rocky substrate.
nsubj obj case det amod obl punct root Mussels NOUN attach VERB themselves PRON to ADP a DET rocky ADJ substrate NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mussels mussel NOUN Number=Plur 2 attach nsubj 2 attach attach VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 themselves themselves PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 2 attach obj 4 to to ADP _ 7 substrate case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 substrate det 6 rocky rocky ADJ Degree=Pos 7 substrate amod 7 substrate substrate NOUN Number=Sing 2 attach obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 attach punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 attach present Mussels Mussels = mussel to a rocky substrate vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent themselves=Patient to substrate=Co-Patient
Example 3 We put sand as the substrate in the fish tank.
nsubj obj case det obl case det compound obl punct root We PRON put VERB sand NOUN as ADP the DET substrate NOUN in ADP the DET fish NOUN tank NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 put nsubj 2 put put VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 sand sand NOUN Number=Sing 2 put obj 4 as as ADP _ 6 substrate case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 substrate det 6 substrate substrate NOUN Number=Sing 2 put obl 7 in in ADP _ 10 tank case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 tank det 9 fish fish NOUN Number=Sing 10 tank compound 10 tank tank NOUN Number=Sing 2 put obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 put punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 put past We sand the fish tank as the substrate vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent sand=Theme in tank=Destination
Example 4 Mushrooms grow on a substrate of wood or straw.
nsubj case det obl case nmod cc conj punct root Mushrooms NOUN grow VERB on ADP a DET substrate NOUN of ADP wood NOUN or CCONJ straw NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mushrooms mushroom NOUN Number=Plur 2 grow nsubj 2 grow grow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 on on ADP _ 5 substrate case 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 substrate det 5 substrate substrate NOUN Number=Sing 2 grow obl 6 of of ADP _ 7 wood case 7 wood wood NOUN Number=Sing 5 substrate nmod 8 or or CCONJ _ 9 straw cc 9 straw straw NOUN Number=Sing 7 wood conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 grow punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grow present Mushrooms a substrate of wood or straw vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on substrate=Location
Example 5 Each enzyme works on its own substrate.
det nsubj case nmod:poss amod obl punct root Each DET enzyme NOUN works VERB on ADP its PRON own ADJ substrate NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Each each DET PronType=Tot 2 enzyme det 2 enzyme enzyme NOUN Number=Sing 3 works nsubj 3 works work VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 on on ADP _ 7 substrate case 5 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 substrate nmod:poss 6 own own ADJ Degree=Pos 7 substrate amod 7 substrate substrate NOUN Number=Sing 3 works obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 works punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 work present each enzyme on enzyme's own substrate vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent on substrate=Theme
Example 6 The gecko's tank needs a safe substrate.
det nmod:poss case nsubj det amod obj punct root The DET gecko NOUN 's PART tank NOUN needs VERB a DET safe ADJ substrate NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 gecko det 2 gecko gecko NOUN Number=Sing 4 tank nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 gecko case 4 tank tank NOUN Number=Sing 5 needs nsubj 5 needs need VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 substrate det 7 safe safe ADJ Degree=Pos 8 substrate amod 8 substrate substrate NOUN Number=Sing 5 needs obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 needs punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 need present the gecko's tank a safe substrate vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot substrate=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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