subtraction Who acts: Subtraction, you, 15, I, We, your · What happens: take, find, leave, be, take away, do · To what, where: one number, one sum, ten subtractions, opposite, subtraction, 10 sweets · Speech: someone speaks here
«subtraction» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: subtraction in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Subtraction is taking one number away from another to find what is left or the difference.
The tree, 16 words nsubj aux nummod obj advmod case obl mark advcl nsubj:pass aux:pass ccomp cc det conj punct root Subtraction NOUN is AUX taking VERB one NUM number NOUN away ADV from ADP another DET to PART find VERB what PRON is AUX left VERB or CCONJ the DET difference NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Subtraction subtraction NOUN Number=Sing 3 taking nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 taking aux 3 taking take VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 5 number nummod 5 number number NOUN Number=Sing 3 taking obj 6 away away ADV _ 3 taking advmod 7 from from ADP _ 8 another case 8 another another DET PronType=Ind 6 away obl 9 to to PART _ 10 find mark 10 find find VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 taking advcl 11 what what PRON PronType=Int 13 left nsubj:pass 12 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 left aux:pass 13 left leave VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 10 find ccomp 14 or or CCONJ _ 16 difference cc 15 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 16 difference det 16 difference difference NOUN Number=Sing 13 left conj 17 . . PUNCT _ 3 taking punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 take present · progressive Subtraction one number away property vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent number=Theme 2 find to-infinitive Subtraction not said here vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme 3 leave present · passive vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A subtraction is one sum where you take away.
det nsubj cop nummod advmod nsubj acl:relcl advmod punct root A DET subtraction NOUN is AUX one NUM sum NOUN where ADV you PRON take VERB away ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 subtraction det 2 subtraction subtraction NOUN Number=Sing 5 sum nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 sum cop 4 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 5 sum nummod 5 sum sum NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 where where ADV PronType=Rel 8 take advmod 7 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 8 take nsubj 8 take take VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 sum acl:relcl 9 away away ADV _ 8 take advmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 sum punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a subtraction one sum tree rules 2 take away present you away property vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
"do these ten subtractions".
punct det nummod obj punct punct root " PUNCT do VERB these DET ten NUM subtractions NOUN " PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 2 do punct 2 do do VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 these this DET Number=Plur PronType=Dem 5 subtractions det 4 ten ten NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 5 subtractions nummod 5 subtractions subtraction NOUN Number=Plur 2 do obj 6 " " PUNCT _ 5 subtractions punct 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 do punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 do in a quote imperative you not said here this ten subtractions vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subtraction=Eventuality
Example 1 Subtraction is the opposite of addition.
nsubj cop det case nmod punct root Subtraction NOUN is AUX the DET opposite NOUN of ADP addition NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Subtraction subtraction NOUN Number=Sing 4 opposite nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 opposite cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 opposite det 4 opposite opposite NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 of of ADP _ 6 addition case 6 addition addition NOUN Number=Sing 4 opposite nmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 opposite punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Subtraction the opposite of addition tree rules
Example 2 15 − 6 = 9 is a subtraction.
nsubj case nmod case nmod cop det punct root 15 NUM − SYM 6 NUM = SYM 9 NUM is AUX a DET subtraction NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 15 15 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 8 subtraction nsubj 2 − − SYM _ 3 6 case 3 6 6 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 1 15 nmod 4 = = SYM _ 5 9 case 5 9 9 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 1 15 nmod 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 subtraction cop 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 subtraction det 8 subtraction subtraction NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 . . PUNCT _ 8 subtraction punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present 15 − 6 = 9 a subtraction tree rules
Example 3 I had 10 sweets and ate 3; subtraction tells me 7 are left.
The tree, 13 words nsubj nummod obj cc conj obj punct nsubj conj iobj nsubj:pass aux:pass ccomp punct root I PRON had VERB 10 NUM sweets NOUN and CCONJ ate VERB 3 NUM ; PUNCT subtraction NOUN tells VERB me PRON 7 NUM are AUX left VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 had nsubj 2 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 10 10 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 sweets nummod 4 sweets sweet NOUN Number=Plur 2 had obj 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 ate cc 6 ate eat VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 had conj 7 3 3 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 ate obj 8 ; ; PUNCT _ 10 tells punct 9 subtraction subtraction NOUN Number=Sing 10 tells nsubj 10 tells tell VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 had conj 11 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 10 tells iobj 12 7 7 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 14 left nsubj:pass 13 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 left aux:pass 14 left leave VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 10 tells ccomp 15 . . PUNCT _ 2 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past I 10 sweets vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sweet=Patient 2 eat past I not said here 3 vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 3=Patient 3 tell speech: assert present subtraction me vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent i=Recipient clause=Topic 4 leave present · passive 7 vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
Example 4 We practised column subtraction today.
nsubj compound obj obl:unmarked punct root We PRON practised VERB column NOUN subtraction NOUN today NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 practised nsubj 2 practised practise VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 column column NOUN Number=Sing 4 subtraction compound 4 subtraction subtraction NOUN Number=Sing 2 practised obj 5 today today NOUN Number=Sing 2 practised obl:unmarked 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 practised punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 practise past We column subtraction today tree rules
Example 5 What is the difference between 20 and 12? Use subtraction: 8.
Sentence 1: What is the difference between 20 and 12?
nsubj cop det case nmod cc conj punct root What PRON is AUX the DET difference NOUN between ADP 20 NUM and CCONJ 12 NUM ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 What what PRON PronType=Int 4 difference nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 difference cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 difference det 4 difference difference NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 between between ADP _ 6 20 case 6 20 20 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 difference nmod 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 12 cc 8 12 12 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 20 conj 9 ? ? PUNCT _ 4 difference punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the difference between 20 tree rules
Sentence 2: Use subtraction: 8.
obj punct appos punct root Use VERB subtraction NOUN : PUNCT 8 NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Use use VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 subtraction subtraction NOUN Number=Sing 1 Use obj 3 : : PUNCT _ 4 8 punct 4 8 8 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 2 subtraction appos 5 . . PUNCT _ 1 Use punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 use imperative you not said here subtraction vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subtraction=Patient
Example 6 Check your subtraction by adding the answer back.
nmod:poss obj mark advcl det obj advmod punct root Check VERB your PRON subtraction NOUN by SCONJ adding VERB the DET answer NOUN back ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Check check VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 subtraction nmod:poss 3 subtraction subtraction NOUN Number=Sing 1 Check obj 4 by by SCONJ _ 5 adding mark 5 adding add VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 1 Check advcl 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 answer det 7 answer answer NOUN Number=Sing 5 adding obj 8 back back ADV _ 5 adding advmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 1 Check punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 check imperative you not said here your subtraction vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subtraction=Theme 2 add back speech: assert gerund you not said here the answer vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent answer=Patient 3 subtract your nom subtraction «act transitive»: poss=agent
Example 7 The change from 5 dollars after spending 3 dollars 40 is found by subtraction.
The tree, 14 words det nsubj:pass case nummod nmod mark acl nummod obj flat aux:pass case obl punct root The DET change NOUN from ADP 5 NUM dollars NOUN after SCONJ spending VERB 3 NUM dollars NOUN 40 NUM is AUX found VERB by ADP subtraction NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 change det 2 change change NOUN Number=Sing 12 found nsubj:pass 3 from from ADP _ 5 dollars case 4 5 5 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 dollars nummod 5 dollars dollar NOUN Number=Plur 2 change nmod 6 after after SCONJ _ 7 spending mark 7 spending spend VERB VerbForm=Ger 5 dollars acl 8 3 3 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 9 dollars nummod 9 dollars dollar NOUN Number=Plur 7 spending obj 10 40 40 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 9 dollars flat 11 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 found aux:pass 12 found find VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 13 by by ADP _ 14 subtraction case 14 subtraction subtraction NOUN Number=Sing 12 found obl 15 . . PUNCT _ 12 found punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spend gerund 5 dollars not said here 3 dollars vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dollar=Asset 2 find present · passive subtraction the change from 5 dollars vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Topic
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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