succumb

Who acts: I, driver, Many trees, you, old castle, she · What happens: succumb, be, resist, give in, sleep, overcome · To what, where: something, it, injury, tiredness, last biscuit, town

«succumb» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: succumb in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

To succumb is to stop resisting something and give in to it, like a temptation or pressure.

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 succumb	mark
2	succumb	succumb	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 stop	csubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 stop	cop
4	to	to	PART	_	5 stop	mark
5	stop	stop	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	resisting	resist	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 stop	xcomp
7	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	6 resisting	obj
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 give	cc
9	give	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 stop	conj
10	in	in	ADP	_	9 give	compound:prt
11	to	to	ADP	_	12 it	case
12	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 give	obl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 temptation	punct
14	like	like	ADP	_	16 temptation	case
15	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 temptation	det
16	temptation	temptation	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 give	parataxis
17	or	or	CCONJ	_	18 pressure	cc
18	pressure	pressure	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 temptation	conj
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 stop	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	to whom	other	roles by
1	succumb	to-infinitive				vn acquiesce-95.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	is	present			stop property	tree rules
3	resist	gerund	something			tree rules
4	give in	present		it		vn acquiesce-95.1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to it=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

Usage: formal, euphemism — kept apart, not parsed.

To succumb to an illness or injury is to die from it.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 succumb	mark
2	succumb	succumb	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	10 die	advcl
3	to	to	ADP	_	5 illness	case
4	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 illness	det
5	illness	illness	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 succumb	obl
6	or	or	CCONJ	_	7 injury	cc
7	injury	injury	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 illness	conj
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 die	cop
9	to	to	PART	_	10 die	mark
10	die	die	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
11	from	from	ADP	_	12 it	case
12	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 die	obl
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	10 die	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	succumb	to-infinitive						to a illness or injury	vn acquiesce-95.1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to illness=Theme
2	is	present				injury		die property	tree rules

Meaning 3

To succumb to sleep or tiredness is to be overcome by it.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 succumb	mark
2	succumb	succumb	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	to	to	PART	_	4 sleep	mark
4	sleep	sleep	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 succumb	xcomp
5	or	or	CCONJ	_	10 overcome	cc
6	tiredness	tiredness	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 overcome	nsubj:pass
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 overcome	aux:pass
8	to	to	PART	_	10 overcome	mark
9	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	10 overcome	aux:pass
10	overcome	overcome	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 sleep	conj
11	by	by	ADP	_	12 it	case
12	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 overcome	obl
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 succumb	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	succumb	to-infinitive			tree rules
2	sleep	to-infinitive			vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	overcome	present · passive	tiredness	by it	vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Example 1

I finally succumbed and ate the last biscuit.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	3 succumbed	nsubj
2	finally	finally	ADV	_	3 succumbed	advmod
3	succumbed	succumb	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 ate	cc
5	ate	eat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 succumbed	conj
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 biscuit	det
7	last	last	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 biscuit	amod
8	biscuit	biscuit	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 ate	obj
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 succumbed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	succumb	past	I					finally property	vn acquiesce-95.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	eat	past	I not said here	the last biscuit					vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent biscuit=Patient

Example 2

The town succumbed to the enemy after a long siege.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 town	det
2	town	town	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	succumbed	succumb	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 town	acl
4	to	to	ADP	_	6 enemy	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 enemy	det
6	enemy	enemy	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 succumbed	obl
7	after	after	ADP	_	10 siege	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 siege	det
9	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 siege	amod
10	siege	siege	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 succumbed	obl
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 town	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	succumb	participle		the town not said here			after a long siege	to the enemy	vn acquiesce-95.1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to enemy=Theme

Example 3

Sadly, the driver succumbed to his injuries.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Sadly	sadly	ADV	_	5 succumbed	advmod
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Sadly	punct
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 driver	det
4	driver	driver	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 succumbed	nsubj
5	succumbed	succumb	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	to	to	ADP	_	8 injuries	case
7	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 injuries	nmod:poss
8	injuries	injury	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 succumbed	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 succumbed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	succumb	past	the driver					to driver's injuries; sadly property	vn acquiesce-95.1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to injury=Theme
2	injure		driver						nom injury «state transitive»: poss=agent

Example 4

Many trees succumbed to the disease.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 trees	amod
2	trees	tree	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 succumbed	nsubj
3	succumbed	succumb	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	to	to	ADP	_	6 disease	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 disease	det
6	disease	disease	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 succumbed	obl
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 succumbed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	succumb	past	Many trees					to the disease	vn acquiesce-95.1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to disease=Theme

Example 5

After the long walk, the children succumbed to sleep.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	After	after	ADP	_	4 walk	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 walk	det
3	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 walk	amod
4	walk	walk	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 walk	punct
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 children	det
7	children	child	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 walk	conj
8	succumbed	succumb	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 children	acl
9	to	to	PART	_	10 sleep	mark
10	sleep	sleep	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 succumbed	advcl
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 walk	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	succumb	participle		the children not said here					vn acquiesce-95.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	sleep	to-infinitive							vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Example 6

Don't succumb to pressure from friends to do something wrong.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Do	do	AUX	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	3 succumb	aux
2	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	3 succumb	advmod
3	succumb	succumb	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	to	to	PART	_	5 pressure	mark
5	pressure	pressure	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 succumb	obj
6	from	from	ADP	_	7 friends	case
7	friends	friend	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 pressure	nmod
8	to	to	PART	_	9 do	mark
9	do	do	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 succumb	advcl
10	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	9 do	obj
11	wrong	wrong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 something	amod
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 succumb	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not succumb	imperative · do-support	you not said here	pressure				from friends	tree rules
2	do	to-infinitive	you not said here	something					vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality

Example 7

The old castle succumbed to wind and rain over time.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 castle	det
2	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 castle	amod
3	castle	castle	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	succumbed	succumb	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 castle	acl
5	to	to	PART	_	6 wind	mark
6	wind	wind	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 succumbed	obj
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 rain	cc
8	rain	rain	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 wind	conj
9	over	over	ADP	_	10 time	case
10	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 succumbed	obl
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 castle	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	succumb	participle	the old castle not said here	wind and rain			time		tree rules

Example 8

Arrived on the battlefield she beheld the lifeless body of her son, who, after a long and brave defence, had at length succumbed to the all-conquering arm of Achilles.

The tree, 30 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Arrived	arrive	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 beheld	advcl
2	on	on	ADP	_	4 battlefield	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 battlefield	det
4	battlefield	battlefield	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Arrived	obl
5	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 beheld	nsubj
6	beheld	behold	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 body	det
8	lifeless	lifeless	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 body	amod
9	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 beheld	obj
10	of	of	ADP	_	12 son	case
11	her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 son	nmod:poss
12	son	son	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 body	nmod
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 defence	punct
14	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	21 defence	nsubj
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 defence	punct
16	after	after	ADP	_	21 defence	case
17	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	21 defence	det
18	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 defence	amod
19	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 brave	cc
20	brave	brave	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 long	conj
21	defence	defence	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 son	appos
22	,	,	PUNCT	_	23 had	punct
23	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 beheld	conj
24	at	at	ADP	_	25 length	case
25	length	length	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 had	obl
26	succumbed	succumb	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	25 length	acl
27	to	to	ADP	_	32 arm	case
28	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	32 arm	det
29	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	32 arm	det
30	-	-	PUNCT	_	29 all	punct
31	conquering	conquer	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	32 arm	amod
32	arm	arm	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 succumbed	obl
33	of	of	ADP	_	34 Achilles	case
34	Achilles	Achilles	PROPN	Number=Sing	32 arm	nmod
35	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 beheld	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	arrive	participle	she not said here		the battlefield		vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	behold	past	she	the lifeless body of her son			vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer body=Stimulus
3	have	past	she not said here		length		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
4	succumb	participle		length not said here		to the conquering arm of Achilles	vn acquiesce-95.1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to arm=Theme
5	conquer	gerund					vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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