sultan Who acts: sultan, sultans, Saladin, Ottoman sultans, he · What happens: be, rule, live, listen, call, say · To what, where: king, Muslim countries, huge empire, history, palace, one · Speech: someone speaks here
«sultan» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: sultan in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A sultan is a king or ruler in some Muslim countries, both in history and today, such as the Sultan of Brunei or the Sultan of Oman.
The tree, 27 words det nsubj cop det cc conj case det amod nmod punct cc:preconj case conj cc nmod:unmarked punct case fixed det nmod case nmod cc det conj case nmod punct root A DET sultan NOUN is AUX a DET king NOUN or CCONJ ruler NOUN in ADP some DET Muslim ADJ countries NOUN , PUNCT both CCONJ in ADP history NOUN and CCONJ today NOUN , PUNCT such ADJ as ADP the DET Sultan PROPN of ADP Brunei PROPN or CCONJ the DET Sultan PROPN of ADP Oman PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 sultan det 2 sultan sultan NOUN Number=Sing 5 king nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 king cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 king det 5 king king NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 ruler cc 7 ruler ruler NOUN Number=Sing 5 king conj 8 in in ADP _ 11 countries case 9 some some DET PronType=Ind 11 countries det 10 Muslim Muslim ADJ Degree=Pos 11 countries amod 11 countries country NOUN Number=Plur 5 king nmod 12 , , PUNCT _ 15 history punct 13 both both CCONJ _ 15 history cc:preconj 14 in in ADP _ 15 history case 15 history history NOUN Number=Sing 5 king conj 16 and and CCONJ _ 15 history cc 17 today today NOUN Number=Sing 15 history nmod:unmarked 18 , , PUNCT _ 22 Sultan punct 19 such such ADJ Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP 22 Sultan case 20 as as ADP _ 19 such fixed 21 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 22 Sultan det 22 Sultan Sultan PROPN Number=Sing 5 king nmod 23 of of ADP _ 24 Brunei case 24 Brunei Brunei PROPN Number=Sing 22 Sultan nmod 25 or or CCONJ _ 27 Sultan cc 26 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 27 Sultan det 27 Sultan Sultan PROPN Number=Sing 22 Sultan conj 28 of of ADP _ 29 Oman case 29 Oman Oman PROPN Number=Sing 27 Sultan nmod 30 . . PUNCT _ 5 king punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a sultan a king or ruler both history today some Muslim countries such the Sultan of Brunei or the Sultan of Oman tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 In history, the sultans of the Ottoman Empire ruled a huge empire from Istanbul.
The tree, 14 words case obl punct det nsubj case det compound nmod det amod obj case nmod punct root In ADP history NOUN , PUNCT the DET sultans NOUN of ADP the DET Ottoman PROPN Empire PROPN ruled VERB a DET huge ADJ empire NOUN from ADP Istanbul PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 history case 2 history history NOUN Number=Sing 10 ruled obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 history punct 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 sultans det 5 sultans sultan NOUN Number=Plur 10 ruled nsubj 6 of of ADP _ 9 Empire case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 Empire det 8 Ottoman Ottoman PROPN Number=Sing 9 Empire compound 9 Empire Empire PROPN Number=Sing 5 sultans nmod 10 ruled rule VERB Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 empire det 12 huge huge ADJ Degree=Pos 13 empire amod 13 empire empire NOUN Number=Sing 10 ruled obj 14 from from ADP _ 15 Istanbul case 15 Istanbul Istanbul PROPN Number=Sing 13 empire nmod 16 . . PUNCT _ 10 ruled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 rule past the sultans of the Ottoman Empire a huge empire history from Istanbul vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent empire=Theme
Example 1 The sultan lived in a palace with beautiful gardens.
det nsubj case det obl case amod nmod punct root The DET sultan NOUN lived VERB in ADP a DET palace NOUN with ADP beautiful ADJ gardens NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 sultan det 2 sultan sultan NOUN Number=Sing 3 lived nsubj 3 lived live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 in in ADP _ 6 palace case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 palace det 6 palace palace NOUN Number=Sing 3 lived obl 7 with with ADP _ 9 gardens case 8 beautiful beautiful ADJ Degree=Pos 9 gardens amod 9 gardens garden NOUN Number=Plur 6 palace nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 lived punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 live past the sultan a palace with beautiful gardens vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in palace=Location
Example 2 The Sultan of Brunei is one of the world's richest rulers.
det nsubj case nmod cop case det nmod:poss case amod nmod punct root The DET Sultan PROPN of ADP Brunei PROPN is AUX one NUM of ADP the DET world NOUN 's PART richest ADJ rulers NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 Sultan det 2 Sultan Sultan PROPN Number=Sing 6 one nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 4 Brunei case 4 Brunei Brunei PROPN Number=Sing 2 Sultan nmod 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 one cop 6 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card root root 7 of of ADP _ 12 rulers case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 world det 9 world world NOUN Number=Sing 12 rulers nmod:poss 10 's 's PART _ 9 world case 11 richest rich ADJ Degree=Sup 12 rulers amod 12 rulers ruler NOUN Number=Plur 6 one nmod 13 . . PUNCT _ 6 one punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the Sultan of Brunei one of the world's richest rulers tree rules
Example 3 Saladin was a famous sultan at the time of the Crusades.
nsubj cop det amod case det nmod case det nmod punct root Saladin PROPN was AUX a DET famous ADJ sultan NOUN at ADP the DET time NOUN of ADP the DET Crusades PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Saladin Saladin PROPN Number=Sing 5 sultan nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 sultan cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 sultan det 4 famous famous ADJ Degree=Pos 5 sultan amod 5 sultan sultan NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 at at ADP _ 8 time case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 time det 8 time time NOUN Number=Sing 5 sultan nmod 9 of of ADP _ 11 Crusades case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 Crusades det 11 Crusades Crusade PROPN Number=Plur 8 time nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 sultan punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past Saladin a famous sultan time tree rules
Example 4 The Ottoman sultans ruled from Istanbul for centuries.
det amod nsubj case obl case obl punct root The DET Ottoman ADJ sultans NOUN ruled VERB from ADP Istanbul PROPN for ADP centuries NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 sultans det 2 Ottoman ottoman ADJ Degree=Pos 3 sultans amod 3 sultans sultan NOUN Number=Plur 4 ruled nsubj 4 ruled rule VERB Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 from from ADP _ 6 Istanbul case 6 Istanbul Istanbul PROPN Number=Sing 4 ruled obl 7 for for ADP _ 8 centuries case 8 centuries century NOUN Number=Plur 4 ruled obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 ruled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 rule past the Ottoman sultans Istanbul century vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Example 5 In the story, the sultan listened to a new tale every night.
case det obl punct det nsubj case det amod obl det obl:unmarked punct root In ADP the DET story NOUN , PUNCT the DET sultan NOUN listened VERB to ADP a DET new ADJ tale NOUN every DET night NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 story case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 story det 3 story story NOUN Number=Sing 7 listened obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 story punct 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 sultan det 6 sultan sultan NOUN Number=Sing 7 listened nsubj 7 listened listen VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 8 to to ADP _ 11 tale case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 tale det 10 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 11 tale amod 11 tale tale NOUN Number=Sing 7 listened obl 12 every every DET PronType=Tot 13 night det 13 night night NOUN Number=Sing 7 listened obl:unmarked 14 . . PUNCT _ 7 listened punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 listen past the sultan night to a new tale; in the story vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in story=Theme
Example 6 A country ruled by a sultan is called a sultanate.
det nsubj:pass acl case det obl aux:pass det xcomp punct root A DET country NOUN ruled VERB by ADP a DET sultan NOUN is AUX called VERB a DET sultanate NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 country det 2 country country NOUN Number=Sing 8 called nsubj:pass 3 ruled rule VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 country acl 4 by by ADP _ 6 sultan case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 sultan det 6 sultan sultan NOUN Number=Sing 3 ruled obl 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 called aux:pass 8 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 sultanate det 10 sultanate sultanate NOUN Number=Sing 8 called xcomp 11 . . PUNCT _ 8 called punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 rule participle a country not said here by a sultan vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2 call present · passive a country vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient
Example 7 The sultan's wife was called the sultana.
det nmod:poss case nsubj:pass aux:pass det xcomp punct root The DET sultan NOUN 's PART wife NOUN was AUX called VERB the DET sultana NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 sultan det 2 sultan sultan NOUN Number=Sing 4 wife nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 sultan case 4 wife wife NOUN Number=Sing 6 called nsubj:pass 5 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 called aux:pass 6 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 sultana det 8 sultana sultana NOUN Number=Sing 6 called xcomp 9 . . PUNCT _ 6 called punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 call past · passive the sultan's wife vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient
Example 8 Oman is ruled by a sultan.
nsubj:pass aux:pass case det obl punct root Oman NOUN is AUX ruled VERB by ADP a DET sultan NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Oman oman NOUN Number=Sing 3 ruled nsubj:pass 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 ruled aux:pass 3 ruled rule VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 by by ADP _ 6 sultan case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 sultan det 6 sultan sultan NOUN Number=Sing 3 ruled obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 ruled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 rule present · passive a sultan Oman vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme
Example 9 "The Sultan is welcome," he said.
punct det nsubj cop ccomp punct punct nsubj punct root " PUNCT The DET Sultan PROPN is AUX welcome ADJ , PUNCT " PUNCT he PRON said VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 5 welcome punct 2 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 Sultan det 3 Sultan Sultan PROPN Number=Sing 5 welcome nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 welcome cop 5 welcome welcome ADJ Degree=Pos 9 said ccomp 6 , , PUNCT _ 5 welcome punct 7 " " PUNCT _ 5 welcome punct 8 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 said nsubj 9 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 10 . . PUNCT _ 9 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is in a quote present the Sultan welcome property tree rules 2 say speech: assert past he vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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