surpass Who acts: she, her, result, our, score, everyone · What happens: surpass, be, score, expect, hope, raise · To what, where: own best score, hopes, class, other buildings, lots, personal best
«surpass» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: surpass in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.
To surpass is to be better or greater than someone or something: she surpassed her own best score.
The tree, 18 words mark advcl cop mark cop punct cc conj case obl cc conj punct nsubj nmod:poss amod amod obj punct root To PART surpass VERB is AUX to PART be AUX better ADJ or CCONJ greater ADJ than ADP someone PRON or CCONJ something PRON : PUNCT she PRON surpassed VERB her PRON own ADJ best ADJ score NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 surpass mark 2 surpass surpass VERB VerbForm=Inf 15 surpassed advcl 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 better cop 4 to to PART _ 6 better mark 5 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 6 better cop 6 better good ADJ Degree=Cmp 2 surpass punct 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 greater cc 8 greater great ADJ Degree=Cmp 6 better conj 9 than than ADP _ 10 someone case 10 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 6 better obl 11 or or CCONJ _ 12 something cc 12 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 10 someone conj 13 : : PUNCT _ 15 surpassed punct 14 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 15 surpassed nsubj 15 surpassed surpass VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 16 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 19 score nmod:poss 17 own own ADJ Degree=Pos 19 score amod 18 best good ADJ Degree=Sup 19 score amod 19 score score NOUN Number=Sing 15 surpassed obj 20 . . PUNCT _ 15 surpassed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 surpass to-infinitive she not said here vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot 2 is present than someone; good property tree rules 3 be tree rules 4 surpass past she her own best score vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot score=Theme 5 score her = she nom score «cognition transitive»: poss=agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.
To surpass is to go beyond what was expected or hoped: the result surpassed our hopes.
The tree, 16 words mark csubj cop mark mark nsubj:pass aux:pass advcl cc conj punct det nsubj parataxis nmod:poss obj punct root To PART surpass VERB is AUX to PART go VERB beyond ADP what PRON was AUX expected VERB or CCONJ hoped VERB : PUNCT the DET result NOUN surpassed VERB our PRON hopes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 surpass mark 2 surpass surpass VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 go csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 go cop 4 to to PART _ 5 go mark 5 go go VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 beyond beyond ADP _ 9 expected mark 7 what what PRON PronType=Int 9 expected nsubj:pass 8 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 expected aux:pass 9 expected expect VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 go advcl 10 or or CCONJ _ 11 hoped cc 11 hoped hope VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 9 expected conj 12 : : PUNCT _ 15 surpassed punct 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 result det 14 result result NOUN Number=Sing 15 surpassed nsubj 15 surpassed surpass VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 go parataxis 16 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 17 hopes nmod:poss 17 hopes hope NOUN Number=Plur 15 surpassed obj 18 . . PUNCT _ 5 go punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 surpass to-infinitive vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot 2 is present go property tree rules 3 expect past · passive vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme 4 hope participle vn long-32.2 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Pivot 5 surpass past the result our hopes vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot hope=Theme 6 hope our nom hope «feeling intransitive»: poss=agent
Example 1 Her score surpassed everyone else's in the class.
nmod:poss nsubj nsubj advmod cop case det ccomp punct root Her PRON score NOUN surpassed VERB everyone PRON else ADV 's AUX in ADP the DET class NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 score nmod:poss 2 score score NOUN Number=Sing 3 surpassed nsubj 3 surpassed surpass VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 everyone everyone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Tot 9 class nsubj 5 else else ADV _ 4 everyone advmod 6 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 class cop 7 in in ADP _ 9 class case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 class det 9 class class NOUN Number=Sing 3 surpassed ccomp 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 surpassed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 surpass past Her score vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot 2 is present everyone the class tree rules 3 score Her = she nom score «cognition transitive»: poss=agent
Example 2 The tower surpassed all the other buildings in height.
det nsubj det:predet det amod obj case nmod punct root The DET tower NOUN surpassed VERB all DET the DET other ADJ buildings NOUN in ADP height NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 tower det 2 tower tower NOUN Number=Sing 3 surpassed nsubj 3 surpassed surpass VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 all all DET PronType=Tot 7 buildings det:predet 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 buildings det 6 other other ADJ Degree=Pos 7 buildings amod 7 buildings building NOUN Number=Plur 3 surpassed obj 8 in in ADP _ 9 height case 9 height height NOUN Number=Sing 7 buildings nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 surpassed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 surpass past the tower all other buildings in height vn exceed-90 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot building=Theme in height=Attribute
Example 3 The school fair surpassed our hopes and raised lots of money.
det compound nsubj nmod:poss obj cc conj obj case nmod punct root The DET school NOUN fair NOUN surpassed VERB our PRON hopes NOUN and CCONJ raised VERB lots NOUN of ADP money NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 fair det 2 school school NOUN Number=Sing 3 fair compound 3 fair fair NOUN Number=Sing 4 surpassed nsubj 4 surpassed surpass VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 hopes nmod:poss 6 hopes hope NOUN Number=Plur 4 surpassed obj 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 raised cc 8 raised raise VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 surpassed conj 9 lots lot NOUN Number=Plur 8 raised obj 10 of of ADP _ 11 money case 11 money money NOUN Number=Sing 9 lots nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 surpassed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 surpass past the school fair our hopes vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot hope=Theme 2 raise past the school fair not said here lots of money vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lot=Theme 3 hope our nom hope «feeling intransitive»: poss=agent
Example 4 He surpassed his personal best in the 100 metres.
nsubj nmod:poss amod obj case det nummod obl punct root He PRON surpassed VERB his PRON personal ADJ best ADJ in ADP the DET 100 NUM metres NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 surpassed nsubj 2 surpassed surpass VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 best nmod:poss 4 personal personal ADJ Degree=Pos 5 best amod 5 best good ADJ Degree=Sup 2 surpassed obj 6 in in ADP _ 9 metres case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 metres det 8 100 100 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 9 metres nummod 9 metres metre NOUN Number=Plur 2 surpassed obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 surpassed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 surpass past He his personal best in the 100 metres vn exceed-90 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot good=Theme in metre=Attribute
Example 5 The film surpassed all the others in ticket sales.
det nsubj det:predet det obj case compound nmod punct root The DET film NOUN surpassed VERB all DET the DET others NOUN in ADP ticket NOUN sales NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 film det 2 film film NOUN Number=Sing 3 surpassed nsubj 3 surpassed surpass VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 all all DET PronType=Tot 6 others det:predet 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 others det 6 others other NOUN Number=Plur 3 surpassed obj 7 in in ADP _ 9 sales case 8 ticket ticket NOUN Number=Sing 9 sales compound 9 sales sale NOUN Number=Plur 6 others nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 surpassed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 surpass past the film all others in ticket sales vn exceed-90 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot other=Theme in sale=Attribute
Example 6 If the class raises 300 pounds, it will surpass its goal of 250.
The tree, 13 words mark det nsubj advcl nummod obj punct nsubj aux nmod:poss obj case nmod punct root If SCONJ the DET class NOUN raises VERB 300 NUM pounds NOUN , PUNCT it PRON will AUX surpass VERB its PRON goal NOUN of ADP 250 NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 If if SCONJ _ 4 raises mark 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 class det 3 class class NOUN Number=Sing 4 raises nsubj 4 raises raise VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 surpass advcl 5 300 300 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 pounds nummod 6 pounds pound NOUN Number=Plur 4 raises obj 7 , , PUNCT _ 4 raises punct 8 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 surpass nsubj 9 will will AUX VerbForm=Fin 10 surpass aux 10 surpass surpass VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 11 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 12 goal nmod:poss 12 goal goal NOUN Number=Sing 10 surpass obj 13 of of ADP _ 14 250 case 14 250 250 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 12 goal nmod 15 . . PUNCT _ 10 surpass punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 raise a condition, not said to happen present the class 300 pounds vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pound=Theme 2 surpass future class class's goal of 250 vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot goal=Theme
Example 7 No one could surpass him in depth of feeling or in readiness of intellect.
The tree, 14 words det nsubj aux obj case obl case nmod cc case conj case nmod punct root No DET one NOUN could AUX surpass VERB him PRON in ADP depth NOUN of ADP feeling NOUN or CCONJ in ADP readiness NOUN of ADP intellect NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 No no DET PronType=Neg 2 one det 2 one one NOUN Number=Sing 4 surpass nsubj 3 could could AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 surpass aux 4 surpass surpass VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 him he PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 surpass obj 6 in in ADP _ 7 depth case 7 depth depth NOUN Number=Sing 4 surpass obl 8 of of ADP _ 9 feeling case 9 feeling feeling NOUN Number=Sing 7 depth nmod 10 or or CCONJ _ 12 readiness cc 11 in in ADP _ 12 readiness case 12 readiness readiness NOUN Number=Sing 9 feeling conj 13 of of ADP _ 14 intellect case 14 intellect intellect NOUN Number=Sing 12 readiness nmod 15 . . PUNCT _ 4 surpass punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 surpass could no one him = he in depth of feeling or readiness of intellect vn exceed-90 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot he=Theme in depth=Attribute
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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