surplus Who acts: surplus, amount, budget surplus, farm, 52, shop · What happens: be, need, leave over, mean, not need, go out · To what, where: amount, extra amount, extra, surplus food, 500 kg, 350 kg
«surplus» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: surplus in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A surplus is an amount that is more than what is needed, an extra amount left over.
The tree, 17 words det nsubj cop det nsubj cop acl:relcl case obl aux:pass acl:relcl punct det amod parataxis acl advmod punct root A DET surplus NOUN is AUX an DET amount NOUN that PRON is AUX more ADJ than ADP what PRON is AUX needed VERB , PUNCT an DET extra ADJ amount NOUN left VERB over ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 surplus det 2 surplus surplus NOUN Number=Sing 5 amount nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 amount cop 4 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 amount det 5 amount amount NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 that that PRON PronType=Rel 8 more nsubj 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 more cop 8 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp 5 amount acl:relcl 9 than than ADP _ 10 what case 10 what what PRON PronType=Rel 8 more obl 11 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 needed aux:pass 12 needed need VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 10 what acl:relcl 13 , , PUNCT _ 16 amount punct 14 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 amount det 15 extra extra ADJ Degree=Pos 16 amount amod 16 amount amount NOUN Number=Sing 5 amount parataxis 17 left leave VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 16 amount acl 18 over over ADV _ 17 left advmod 19 . . PUNCT _ 5 amount punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a surplus a amount tree rules 2 is present a amount than a amount; more property tree rules 3 need present · passive vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF» 4 leave over participle a extra amount not said here over property vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Surplus means extra, not needed: «surplus food».
nsubj obj punct advmod parataxis punct punct amod obj punct punct root Surplus NOUN means VERB extra ADJ , PUNCT not PART needed VERB : PUNCT « PUNCT surplus ADJ food NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Surplus surplus NOUN Number=Sing 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 extra extra ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means obj 4 , , PUNCT _ 6 needed punct 5 not not PART Polarity=Neg 6 needed advmod 6 needed need VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 means parataxis 7 : : PUNCT _ 10 food punct 8 « « PUNCT _ 10 food punct 9 surplus surplus ADJ Degree=Pos 10 food amod 10 food food NOUN Number=Sing 6 needed obj 11 » » PUNCT _ 10 food punct 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Surplus extra vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent extra=Topic 2 not need participle surplus food vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot food=Theme
Meaning 3 A budget surplus is when more money comes in than goes out.
det compound nsubj cop mark amod nsubj advmod mark advcl compound:prt punct root A DET budget NOUN surplus NOUN is AUX when SCONJ more ADJ money NOUN comes VERB in ADV than SCONJ goes VERB out ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 surplus det 2 budget budget NOUN Number=Sing 3 surplus compound 3 surplus surplus NOUN Number=Sing 8 comes nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 comes cop 5 when when SCONJ _ 8 comes mark 6 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp 7 money amod 7 money money NOUN Number=Sing 8 comes nsubj 8 comes come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 9 in in ADV _ 8 comes advmod 10 than than SCONJ _ 11 goes mark 11 goes go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 comes advcl 12 out out ADP _ 11 goes compound:prt 13 . . PUNCT _ 8 comes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present a budget surplus come property tree rules 2 go out present a budget surplus not said here vn interact-36.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 1 The farm grew 500 kg of wheat and needed 350 kg, so there is a surplus.
The tree, 16 words det nsubj nummod obj case nmod cc conj nummod obj punct advmod expl conj det nsubj punct root The DET farm NOUN grew VERB 500 NUM kg NOUN of ADP wheat NOUN and CCONJ needed VERB 350 NUM kg NOUN , PUNCT so ADV there PRON is VERB a DET surplus NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 farm det 2 farm farm NOUN Number=Sing 3 grew nsubj 3 grew grow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 500 500 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 kg nummod 5 kg kg NOUN Number=Plur 3 grew obj 6 of of ADP _ 7 wheat case 7 wheat wheat NOUN Number=Sing 5 kg nmod 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 needed cc 9 needed need VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 grew conj 10 350 350 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 11 kg nummod 11 kg kg NOUN Number=Plur 9 needed obj 12 , , PUNCT _ 15 is punct 13 so so ADV _ 15 is advmod 14 there there PRON PronType=Dem 15 is expl 15 is be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 grew conj 16 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 surplus det 17 surplus surplus NOUN Number=Sing 15 is nsubj 18 . . PUNCT _ 3 grew punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grow past the farm 500 kg of wheat vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location kg=Theme 2 need past the farm not said here 350 kg vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot kg=Theme 3 be present a surplus there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 2 What is the surplus if 40 chairs are needed and there are 52?
cop det nsubj mark nummod nsubj:pass aux:pass acl:relcl cc expl conj nsubj punct root What PRON is AUX the DET surplus NOUN if SCONJ 40 NUM chairs NOUN are AUX needed VERB and CCONJ there PRON are VERB 52 NUM ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 What what PRON PronType=Int root root 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 What cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 surplus det 4 surplus surplus NOUN Number=Sing 1 What nsubj 5 if if SCONJ _ 9 needed mark 6 40 40 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 7 chairs nummod 7 chairs chair NOUN Number=Plur 9 needed nsubj:pass 8 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 needed aux:pass 9 needed need VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 surplus acl:relcl 10 and and CCONJ _ 12 are cc 11 there there PRON PronType=Dem 12 are expl 12 are be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 needed conj 13 52 52 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 12 are nsubj 14 ? ? PUNCT _ 1 What punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the surplus tree rules 2 need a condition, not said to happen present · passive the surplus not said here 40 chairs vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: subject=Theme 3 be present 52 there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 3 The shop sold its surplus apples cheaply.
det nsubj nmod:poss amod obj advmod punct root The DET shop NOUN sold VERB its PRON surplus ADJ apples NOUN cheaply ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 shop det 2 shop shop NOUN Number=Sing 3 sold nsubj 3 sold sell VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 apples nmod:poss 5 surplus surplus ADJ Degree=Pos 6 apples amod 6 apples apple NOUN Number=Plur 3 sold obj 7 cheaply cheaply ADV _ 3 sold advmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 sold punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sell past the shop shop's surplus apples cheaply property vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent apple=Theme
Example 4 The surplus was 30 litres.
det nsubj cop nummod punct root The DET surplus NOUN was AUX 30 NUM litres NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 surplus det 2 surplus surplus NOUN Number=Sing 5 litres nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 litres cop 4 30 30 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 litres nummod 5 litres litre NOUN Number=Plur root root 6 . . PUNCT _ 5 litres punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past the surplus 30 litres tree rules
Example 5 The school gave its surplus books to a library.
det nsubj nmod:poss compound obj case det obl punct root The DET school NOUN gave VERB its PRON surplus NOUN books NOUN to ADP a DET library NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 school det 2 school school NOUN Number=Sing 3 gave nsubj 3 gave give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 books nmod:poss 5 surplus surplus NOUN Number=Sing 6 books compound 6 books book NOUN Number=Plur 3 gave obj 7 to to ADP _ 9 library case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 library det 9 library library NOUN Number=Sing 3 gave obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 gave punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give past the school school's surplus books a library vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent book=Theme to library=Recipient
Example 6 A surplus of rain made the crops grow well.
det nsubj case nmod det nsubj ccomp advmod punct root A DET surplus NOUN of ADP rain NOUN made VERB the DET crops NOUN grow VERB well ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 surplus det 2 surplus surplus NOUN Number=Sing 5 made nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 4 rain case 4 rain rain NOUN Number=Sing 2 surplus nmod 5 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 crops det 7 crops crop NOUN Number=Plur 8 grow nsubj 8 grow grow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 made ccomp 9 well well ADV Degree=Pos 8 grow advmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past a surplus of rain tree rules 2 grow present the crops well property vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 7 The club had a surplus of 20 dollars after the trip.
det nsubj det obj case nummod nmod case det nmod punct root The DET club NOUN had VERB a DET surplus NOUN of ADP 20 NUM dollars NOUN after ADP the DET trip NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 club det 2 club club NOUN Number=Sing 3 had nsubj 3 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 surplus det 5 surplus surplus NOUN Number=Sing 3 had obj 6 of of ADP _ 8 dollars case 7 20 20 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 8 dollars nummod 8 dollars dollar NOUN Number=Plur 5 surplus nmod 9 after after ADP _ 11 trip case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 trip det 11 trip trip NOUN Number=Sing 8 dollars nmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past the club a surplus of 20 dollars after the trip vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent surplus=Patient
Example 8 Farmers traded their surplus grain for tools.
nsubj nmod:poss amod obj case obl punct root Farmers NOUN traded VERB their PRON surplus ADJ grain NOUN for ADP tools NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Farmers farmer NOUN Number=Plur 2 traded nsubj 2 traded trade VERB Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 grain nmod:poss 4 surplus surplus ADJ Degree=Pos 5 grain amod 5 grain grain NOUN Number=Sing 2 traded obj 6 for for ADP _ 7 tools case 7 tools tool NOUN Number=Plur 2 traded obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 traded punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 trade past Farmers Farmers's surplus grain for tools vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP PP.co-theme»: agent=Agent grain=Theme for tool=Co-Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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