surprise Who acts: surprise, you, something, they, moment, We · What happens: be, not expect, have, happen, surprise, mean · To what, where: something, feeling, someone, them, surprise party, gift · Speech: someone speaks here
«surprise» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: surprise in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A surprise is something you did not expect, such as a present or a sudden event.
The tree, 16 words det nsubj cop nsubj aux advmod acl:relcl punct case fixed det nmod cc det amod conj punct root A DET surprise NOUN is AUX something PRON you PRON did AUX not PART expect VERB , PUNCT such ADJ as ADP a DET present NOUN or CCONJ a DET sudden ADJ event NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 surprise det 2 surprise surprise NOUN Number=Sing 4 something nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 something cop 4 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind root root 5 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 8 expect nsubj 6 did do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 expect aux 7 not not PART Polarity=Neg 8 expect advmod 8 expect expect VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 something acl:relcl 9 , , PUNCT _ 13 present punct 10 such such ADJ Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP 13 present case 11 as as ADP _ 10 such fixed 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 present det 13 present present NOUN Number=Sing 4 something nmod 14 or or CCONJ _ 17 event cc 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 event det 16 sudden sudden ADJ Degree=Pos 17 event amod 17 event event NOUN Number=Sing 13 present conj 18 . . PUNCT _ 4 something punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a surprise something such a present or a sudden event tree rules 2 not expect past · do-support you vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Surprise is the feeling you have when something unexpected happens.
nsubj cop det nsubj acl:relcl advmod nsubj amod ccomp punct root Surprise NOUN is AUX the DET feeling NOUN you PRON have VERB when ADV something PRON unexpected ADJ happens VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Surprise surprise NOUN Number=Sing 4 feeling nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 feeling cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 feeling det 4 feeling feeling NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 6 have nsubj 6 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 feeling acl:relcl 7 when when ADV PronType=Int 10 happens advmod 8 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 10 happens nsubj 9 unexpected unexpected ADJ Degree=Pos 8 something amod 10 happens happen VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 have ccomp 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 feeling punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Surprise the feeling tree rules 2 have present you the feeling not said here tree rules 3 happen present something vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Meaning 3 To surprise someone means to do something they did not expect, often to make them happy.
The tree, 16 words mark csubj obj mark advcl obj nsubj aux advmod acl:relcl punct advmod mark ccomp obj xcomp punct root To PART surprise VERB someone PRON means VERB to PART do VERB something PRON they PRON did AUX not PART expect VERB , PUNCT often ADV to PART make VERB them PRON happy ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 surprise mark 2 surprise surprise VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 means csubj 3 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 surprise obj 4 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 to to PART _ 6 do mark 6 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 15 make advcl 7 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 6 do obj 8 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 expect nsubj 9 did do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 11 expect aux 10 not not PART Polarity=Neg 11 expect advmod 11 expect expect VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 something acl:relcl 12 , , PUNCT _ 15 make punct 13 often often ADV _ 15 make advmod 14 to to PART _ 15 make mark 15 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 means ccomp 16 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 15 make obj 17 happy happy ADJ Degree=Pos 15 make xcomp 18 . . PUNCT _ 4 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 surprise to-infinitive someone vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus someone=Experiencer 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 do to-infinitive something vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality 4 not expect past · do-support they vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 5 make not said to happen to-infinitive them = they happy, often property vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset they=Product
Meaning 4 A surprise party or gift is kept secret until the moment it is given.
The tree, 14 words det compound nsubj:pass cc conj aux:pass xcomp case det obl nsubj:pass aux:pass acl:relcl punct root A DET surprise NOUN party NOUN or CCONJ gift NOUN is AUX kept VERB secret ADJ until ADP the DET moment NOUN it PRON is AUX given VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 party det 2 surprise surprise NOUN Number=Sing 3 party compound 3 party party NOUN Number=Sing 7 kept nsubj:pass 4 or or CCONJ _ 5 gift cc 5 gift gift NOUN Number=Sing 3 party conj 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 kept aux:pass 7 kept keep VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 8 secret secret ADJ Degree=Pos 7 kept xcomp 9 until until ADP _ 11 moment case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 moment det 11 moment moment NOUN Number=Sing 7 kept obl 12 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 14 given nsubj:pass 13 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 given aux:pass 14 given give VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 11 moment acl:relcl 15 . . PUNCT _ 7 kept punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 keep present · passive a surprise party or gift moment secret property vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme 2 give present · passive the moment not said here gift vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
Example 1 What a lovely surprise! Thank you for the flowers.
Sentence 1: What a lovely surprise!
det:predet det amod punct root What DET a DET lovely ADJ surprise NOUN ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 What what DET PronType=Int 4 surprise det:predet 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 surprise det 3 lovely lovely ADJ Degree=Pos 4 surprise amod 4 surprise surprise NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 ! ! PUNCT _ 4 surprise punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Sentence 2: Thank you for the flowers.
obj case det obl punct root Thank VERB you PRON for ADP the DET flowers NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Thank thank VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 2 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 1 Thank obj 3 for for ADP _ 5 flowers case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 flowers det 5 flowers flower NOUN Number=Plur 1 Thank obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 1 Thank punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 thank speech: thank present you for the flowers vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent you=Theme for flower=Attribute
Example 2 We are planning a surprise party for Mum's birthday.
nsubj aux det compound obj case nmod:poss case obl punct root We PRON are AUX planning VERB a DET surprise NOUN party NOUN for ADP Mum PROPN 's PART birthday NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 planning nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 planning aux 3 planning plan VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 party det 5 surprise surprise NOUN Number=Sing 6 party compound 6 party party NOUN Number=Sing 3 planning obj 7 for for ADP _ 10 birthday case 8 Mum Mum PROPN Number=Sing 10 birthday nmod:poss 9 's 's PART _ 8 Mum case 10 birthday birthday NOUN Number=Sing 3 planning obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 planning punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 plan present · progressive We a surprise party for Mum's birthday vn intend-61.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent party=Topic
Example 3 To my surprise, the little seed grew into a huge sunflower.
case nmod:poss obl punct det amod nsubj case det amod obl punct root To ADP my PRON surprise NOUN , PUNCT the DET little ADJ seed NOUN grew VERB into ADP a DET huge ADJ sunflower NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to ADP _ 3 surprise case 2 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 surprise nmod:poss 3 surprise surprise NOUN Number=Sing 8 grew obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 surprise punct 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 seed det 6 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 7 seed amod 7 seed seed NOUN Number=Sing 8 grew nsubj 8 grew grow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 9 into into ADP _ 12 sunflower case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 sunflower det 11 huge huge ADJ Degree=Pos 12 sunflower amod 12 sunflower sunflower NOUN Number=Sing 8 grew obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 8 grew punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grow past the little seed into a huge sunflower result ; to my surprise vn become-109.1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient into sunflower=Result 2 surprise my nom surprise «feeling transitive»: poss=agent
Example 4 The snow in spring took everyone by surprise.
det nsubj case nmod obj case obl punct root The DET snow NOUN in ADP spring NOUN took VERB everyone PRON by ADP surprise NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 snow det 2 snow snow NOUN Number=Sing 5 took nsubj 3 in in ADP _ 4 spring case 4 spring spring NOUN Number=Sing 2 snow nmod 5 took take VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 everyone everyone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Tot 5 took obj 7 by by ADP _ 8 surprise case 8 surprise surprise NOUN Number=Sing 5 took obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 took punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 take past the snow in spring everyone by surprise vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument everyone=Destination
Example 5 Grandma surprised us by coming to visit without telling anyone.
nsubj obj mark advcl mark advcl mark advcl obj punct root Grandma NOUN surprised VERB us PRON by SCONJ coming VERB to PART visit VERB without SCONJ telling VERB anyone PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Grandma grandma NOUN Number=Sing 2 surprised nsubj 2 surprised surprise VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 us we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 surprised obj 4 by by SCONJ _ 5 coming mark 5 coming come VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 surprised advcl 6 to to PART _ 7 visit mark 7 visit visit VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 coming advcl 8 without without SCONJ _ 9 telling mark 9 telling tell VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 7 visit advcl 10 anyone anyone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 9 telling obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 surprised punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 surprise past Grandma us vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus we=Experiencer 2 come gerund Grandma not said here vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 visit to-infinitive Grandma not said here vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 4 tell speech: assert gerund Grandma not said here anyone vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent anyone=Recipient
Example 6 I was surprised to see a hedgehog in the garden.
nsubj cop mark xcomp det obj case det obl punct root I PRON was AUX surprised ADJ to PART see VERB a DET hedgehog NOUN in ADP the DET garden NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 surprised nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 surprised cop 3 surprised surprised ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 to to PART _ 5 see mark 5 see see VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 surprised xcomp 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 hedgehog det 7 hedgehog hedgehog NOUN Number=Sing 5 see obj 8 in in ADP _ 10 garden case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 garden det 10 garden garden NOUN Number=Sing 5 see obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 surprised punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past I surprised property tree rules 2 see to-infinitive I not said here a hedgehog the garden vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer hedgehog=Stimulus
Example 7 The result of the experiment was surprising, so we tested it again.
det nsubj case det nmod cop punct advmod nsubj conj obj advmod punct root The DET result NOUN of ADP the DET experiment NOUN was AUX surprising ADJ , PUNCT so ADV we PRON tested VERB it PRON again ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 result det 2 result result NOUN Number=Sing 7 surprising nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 5 experiment case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 experiment det 5 experiment experiment NOUN Number=Sing 2 result nmod 6 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 surprising cop 7 surprising surprising ADJ Degree=Pos root root 8 , , PUNCT _ 11 tested punct 9 so so ADV _ 11 tested advmod 10 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 11 tested nsubj 11 tested test VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 surprising conj 12 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 tested obj 13 again again ADV _ 11 tested advmod 14 . . PUNCT _ 7 surprising punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past the result of the experiment surprising property tree rules 2 test past we result again vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme 3 result the experiment nom result «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient
Example 8 Don't jump out to surprise someone on the stairs; they might fall.
The tree, 13 words aux advmod advmod mark advcl obj case det obl punct nsubj aux conj punct root Do AUX n't PART jump VERB out ADV to PART surprise VERB someone PRON on ADP the DET stairs NOUN ; PUNCT they PRON might AUX fall VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Do do AUX Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 jump aux 2 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 3 jump advmod 3 jump jump VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 4 out out ADV _ 3 jump advmod 5 to to PART _ 6 surprise mark 6 surprise surprise VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 jump advcl 7 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 6 surprise obj 8 on on ADP _ 10 stairs case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 stairs det 10 stairs stair NOUN Number=Plur 6 surprise obl 11 ; ; PUNCT _ 14 fall punct 12 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 14 fall nsubj 13 might might AUX VerbForm=Fin 14 fall aux 14 fall fall VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 jump conj 15 . . PUNCT _ 3 jump punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not jump out imperative · do-support you not said here out property vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 surprise to-infinitive you not said here someone the stairs vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus someone=Experiencer 3 fall might stairs = stair vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 9 Jack uttered a cry of surprise.
nsubj det obj case nmod punct root Jack PROPN uttered VERB a DET cry NOUN of ADP surprise NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Jack Jack PROPN Number=Sing 2 uttered nsubj 2 uttered utter VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 cry det 4 cry cry NOUN Number=Sing 2 uttered obj 5 of of ADP _ 6 surprise case 6 surprise surprise NOUN Number=Sing 4 cry nmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 uttered punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 utter speech: other past Jack a cry of surprise vn say-37.7-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent cry=Topic 2 cry surprise nom cry «communication intransitive»: of=agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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