swahili Who acts: Swahili, language, Jambo, word, teacher, Asante sana · What happens: be, speak, call, describe, mean, come · To what, where: language, Swahili, people, culture, Kenya, hello · Speech: someone speaks here
«swahili» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: swahili in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Swahili is a language spoken by many millions of people in East Africa, especially in Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda and nearby countries; in Swahili itself it is called Kiswahili.
The tree, 28 words nsubj cop det acl case amod obl:agent case nmod case compound nmod punct advmod case conj punct conj punct conj cc amod conj punct case obl nmod:unmarked nsubj:pass aux:pass acl xcomp punct root Swahili NOUN is AUX a DET language NOUN spoken VERB by ADP many ADJ millions NOUN of ADP people NOUN in ADP East PROPN Africa PROPN , PUNCT especially ADV in ADP Kenya PROPN , PUNCT Tanzania PROPN , PUNCT Uganda PROPN and CCONJ nearby ADJ countries NOUN ; PUNCT in ADP Swahili PROPN itself PRON it PRON is AUX called VERB Kiswahili PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Swahili swahili NOUN Number=Sing 4 language nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 language cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 language det 4 language language NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 spoken speak VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 language acl 6 by by ADP _ 8 millions case 7 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 8 millions amod 8 millions million NOUN Number=Plur 5 spoken obl:agent 9 of of ADP _ 10 people case 10 people people NOUN Number=Plur 8 millions nmod 11 in in ADP _ 13 Africa case 12 East East PROPN Number=Sing 13 Africa compound 13 Africa Africa PROPN Number=Sing 10 people nmod 14 , , PUNCT _ 17 Kenya punct 15 especially especially ADV _ 17 Kenya advmod 16 in in ADP _ 17 Kenya case 17 Kenya Kenya PROPN Number=Sing 13 Africa conj 18 , , PUNCT _ 19 Tanzania punct 19 Tanzania Tanzania PROPN Number=Sing 13 Africa conj 20 , , PUNCT _ 21 Uganda punct 21 Uganda Uganda PROPN Number=Sing 13 Africa conj 22 and and CCONJ _ 24 countries cc 23 nearby nearby ADJ Degree=Pos 24 countries amod 24 countries country NOUN Number=Plur 13 Africa conj 25 ; ; PUNCT _ 31 called punct 26 in in ADP _ 27 Swahili case 27 Swahili Swahili PROPN Number=Sing 31 called obl 28 itself itself PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Emp Reflex=Yes 27 Swahili nmod:unmarked 29 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 31 called nsubj:pass 30 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 31 called aux:pass 31 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 language acl 32 Kiswahili Kiswahili PROPN Number=Sing 31 called xcomp 33 . . PUNCT _ 4 language punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Swahili a language tree rules 2 speak speech: other participle a language not said here vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 call present · passive a language not said here language Swahili language vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 The Swahili are also a people of the East African coast, and Swahili describes their culture, such as Swahili cities and Swahili food.
The tree, 23 words det nsubj cop advmod det case det compound amod nmod punct cc nsubj parataxis nmod:poss obj punct case fixed compound conj cc compound conj punct root The DET Swahili NOUN are AUX also ADV a DET people NOUN of ADP the DET East PROPN African ADJ coast NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ Swahili PROPN describes VERB their PRON culture NOUN , PUNCT such ADJ as ADP Swahili PROPN cities NOUN and CCONJ Swahili PROPN food NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 Swahili det 2 Swahili swahili NOUN Number=Sing 6 people nsubj 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 people cop 4 also also ADV _ 6 people advmod 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 people det 6 people people NOUN Number=Plur root root 7 of of ADP _ 11 coast case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 coast det 9 East East PROPN Number=Sing 11 coast compound 10 African African ADJ Degree=Pos 11 coast amod 11 coast coast NOUN Number=Sing 6 people nmod 12 , , PUNCT _ 15 describes punct 13 and and CCONJ _ 15 describes cc 14 Swahili Swahili PROPN _ 15 describes nsubj 15 describes describe VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 people parataxis 16 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 17 culture nmod:poss 17 culture culture NOUN Number=Sing 15 describes obj 18 , , PUNCT _ 22 cities punct 19 such such ADJ Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP 22 cities case 20 as as ADP _ 19 such fixed 21 Swahili Swahili PROPN Number=Sing 22 cities compound 22 cities city NOUN Number=Plur 17 culture conj 23 and and CCONJ _ 25 food cc 24 Swahili Swahili PROPN Number=Sing 25 food compound 25 food food NOUN Number=Sing 17 culture conj 26 . . PUNCT _ 6 people punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the Swahili a people of the East African coast tree rules 2 describe present Swahili people's culture and Swahili cities and Swahili food vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent culture=Theme
Example 1 Swahili is spoken in Kenya and Tanzania.
nsubj:pass aux:pass case obl cc conj punct root Swahili NOUN is AUX spoken VERB in ADP Kenya PROPN and CCONJ Tanzania PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Swahili swahili NOUN Number=Sing 3 spoken nsubj:pass 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 spoken aux:pass 3 spoken speak VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 in in ADP _ 5 Kenya case 5 Kenya Kenya PROPN Number=Sing 3 spoken obl 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 Tanzania cc 7 Tanzania Tanzania PROPN Number=Sing 5 Kenya conj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 spoken punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 speak speech: other present · passive Swahili Kenya and Tanzania tree rules
Example 2 «Jambo» means hello in Swahili.
punct nsubj punct obj case obl punct root « PUNCT Jambo PROPN » PUNCT means VERB hello NOUN in ADP Swahili PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Jambo punct 2 Jambo Jambo PROPN Number=Sing 4 means nsubj 3 » » PUNCT _ 2 Jambo punct 4 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 hello hello NOUN Number=Sing 4 means obj 6 in in ADP _ 7 Swahili case 7 Swahili Swahili PROPN Number=Sing 4 means obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Jambo hello in Swahili vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot hello=Theme in swahili=Attribute
Example 3 The word «safari» comes from Swahili and means journey.
det nsubj punct appos punct case obl cc conj obj punct root The DET word NOUN « PUNCT safari NOUN » PUNCT comes VERB from ADP Swahili PROPN and CCONJ means VERB journey NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 word det 2 word word NOUN Number=Sing 6 comes nsubj 3 « « PUNCT _ 4 safari punct 4 safari safari NOUN Number=Sing 2 word appos 5 » » PUNCT _ 4 safari punct 6 comes come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 from from ADP _ 8 Swahili case 8 Swahili Swahili PROPN Number=Sing 6 comes obl 9 and and CCONJ _ 10 means cc 10 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 comes conj 11 journey journey NOUN Number=Sing 10 means obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 6 comes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come present the word Swahili vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from swahili=Initial_Location 2 mean present the word not said here journey vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent journey=Topic
Example 4 «Hakuna matata» is Swahili for «no worries».
punct compound compound punct cop case punct det nmod punct punct root « PUNCT Hakuna PROPN matata NOUN » PUNCT is AUX Swahili NOUN for ADP « PUNCT no DET worries NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 3 matata punct 2 Hakuna Hakuna PROPN Number=Sing 3 matata compound 3 matata matata NOUN Number=Sing 6 Swahili compound 4 » » PUNCT _ 3 matata punct 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 Swahili cop 6 Swahili swahili NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 for for ADP _ 10 worries case 8 « « PUNCT _ 10 worries punct 9 no no DET PronType=Neg 10 worries det 10 worries worry NOUN Number=Plur 6 Swahili nmod 11 » » PUNCT _ 10 worries punct 12 . . PUNCT _ 6 Swahili punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present matata Swahili for no worries tree rules
Example 5 Our teacher taught us to count to ten in Swahili.
nmod:poss nsubj obj mark xcomp case obl case obl punct root Our PRON teacher NOUN taught VERB us PRON to PART count VERB to ADP ten NUM in ADP Swahili PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 teacher nmod:poss 2 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 3 taught nsubj 3 taught teach VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 us we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 taught obj 5 to to PART _ 6 count mark 6 count count VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 taught xcomp 7 to to ADP _ 8 ten case 8 ten ten NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 6 count obl 9 in in ADP _ 10 Swahili case 10 Swahili Swahili PROPN Number=Sing 6 count obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 taught punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 teach speech: other past Our teacher us vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent we=Recipient clause=Topic 2 count to-infinitive Our teacher not said here Swahili to ten vn matter-91 «NP V PP.experiencer»: agent=Stimulus to ten=Experiencer
Example 6 «Asante sana» means «thank you very much» in Swahili.
punct compound nsubj punct punct ccomp obj advmod advmod punct case obl punct root « PUNCT Asante PROPN sana NOUN » PUNCT means VERB « PUNCT thank VERB you PRON very ADV much ADV » PUNCT in ADP Swahili PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 3 sana punct 2 Asante Asante PROPN Number=Sing 3 sana compound 3 sana sana NOUN Number=Sing 5 means nsubj 4 » » PUNCT _ 3 sana punct 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 « « PUNCT _ 7 thank punct 7 thank thank VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 means ccomp 8 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 7 thank obj 9 very very ADV _ 10 much advmod 10 much much ADV _ 7 thank advmod 11 » » PUNCT _ 7 thank punct 12 in in ADP _ 13 Swahili case 13 Swahili Swahili PROPN Number=Sing 7 thank obl 14 . . PUNCT _ 5 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Asante sana vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 thank speech: thank in a quote present you Swahili vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Theme
Example 7 Swahili has borrowed many words from Arabic.
nsubj:pass aux amod obj case obl punct root Swahili NOUN has AUX borrowed VERB many ADJ words NOUN from ADP Arabic PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Swahili swahili NOUN Number=Sing 3 borrowed nsubj:pass 2 has have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 borrowed aux 3 borrowed borrow VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 5 words amod 5 words word NOUN Number=Plur 3 borrowed obj 6 from from ADP _ 7 Arabic case 7 Arabic Arabic PROPN Number=Sing 3 borrowed obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 borrowed punct
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1 borrow present · perfect · passive Swahili Arabic tree rules
Example 8 People on the Swahili coast have traded by sea for centuries.
nsubj case det compound nmod aux case obl case obl punct root People NOUN on ADP the DET Swahili PROPN coast NOUN have AUX traded VERB by ADP sea NOUN for ADP centuries NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 People people NOUN Number=Plur 7 traded nsubj 2 on on ADP _ 5 coast case 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 coast det 4 Swahili Swahili PROPN Number=Sing 5 coast compound 5 coast coast NOUN Number=Sing 1 People nmod 6 have have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 traded aux 7 traded trade VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part root root 8 by by ADP _ 9 sea case 9 sea sea NOUN Number=Sing 7 traded obl 10 for for ADP _ 11 centuries case 11 centuries century NOUN Number=Plur 7 traded obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 7 traded punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 trade present · perfect People on the Swahili coast century by sea vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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