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swallow

Who acts: you, small bird, your, little brother, Mum, It · What happens: make, drink, go down, move, swallow, point · To what, where: food, throat, stomach, insects, something, feeling · Speech: someone speaks here

«swallow» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: swallow in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

To make food, drink or something else go down your throat into your stomach.

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 make	mark
2	make	make	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 drink	advcl
3	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 make	obj
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 drink	punct
5	drink	drink	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	or	or	CCONJ	_	7 something	cc
7	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	5 drink	conj
8	else	else	ADV	_	7 something	advmod
9	go	go	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	5 drink	conj
10	down	down	ADP	_	9 go	compound:prt
11	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 throat	nmod:poss
12	throat	throat	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 go	obj
13	into	into	ADP	_	15 stomach	case
14	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	15 stomach	nmod:poss
15	stomach	stomach	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 go	obl
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 drink	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	to-infinitive	you not said here	food					vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset food=Product
2	drink	imperative	you not said here						vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	go down	infinitive	you not said here	your throat		your stomach			vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V NP.extent PP.source PP.goal»: agent=Patient throat=Extent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

To move your throat as if swallowing, for example when nervous.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 move	mark
2	move	move	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 throat	nmod:poss
4	throat	throat	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 move	obj
5	as	as	SCONJ	_	7 swallowing	mark
6	if	if	SCONJ	_	7 swallowing	mark
7	swallowing	swallow	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 move	advcl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 example	punct
9	for	for	ADP	_	10 example	case
10	example	example	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 swallowing	obl
11	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	12 nervous	advmod
12	nervous	nervous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 swallowing	advcl
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 move	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	move	to-infinitive		your throat					vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent throat=Theme
2	swallow	gerund						for example	vn hiccup-40.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Meaning 3

A noun: a small bird with long pointed wings and a forked tail that flies fast and catches insects.

The tree, 19 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 noun	det
2	noun	noun	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	:	:	PUNCT	_	6 bird	punct
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 bird	det
5	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 bird	amod
6	bird	bird	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 noun	appos
7	with	with	ADP	_	10 wings	case
8	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 wings	amod
9	pointed	point	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 wings	amod
10	wings	wing	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 bird	nmod
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 tail	cc
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 tail	det
13	forked	fork	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	14 tail	amod
14	tail	tail	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 wings	conj
15	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	16 flies	nsubj
16	flies	fly	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 bird	acl:relcl
17	fast	fast	ADV	Degree=Pos	16 flies	advmod
18	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 catches	cc
19	catches	catch	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 flies	conj
20	insects	insect	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 catches	obj
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 noun	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	point	participle							vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	fork	participle							vn pocket-9.10 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent
3	fly	present	a small bird with long pointed wings and a forked tail					fast property	vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	catch	present	a small bird with long pointed wings and a forked tail not said here	insects					vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent insect=Theme

Meaning 4

To believe something too easily, or to hide a feeling: «swallow your pride».

The tree, 13 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 believe	mark
2	believe	believe	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 hide	advcl
3	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	2 believe	obj
4	too	too	ADV	_	5 easily	advmod
5	easily	easily	ADV	_	2 believe	advmod
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 hide	punct
7	or	or	CCONJ	_	9 hide	cc
8	to	to	PART	_	9 hide	mark
9	hide	hide	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 feeling	det
11	feeling	feeling	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 hide	obj
12	:	:	PUNCT	_	14 swallow	punct
13	«	«	PUNCT	_	14 swallow	punct
14	swallow	swallow	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	9 hide	conj
15	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	16 pride	nmod:poss
16	pride	pride	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 swallow	obj
17	»	»	PUNCT	_	14 swallow	punct
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 hide	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	believe	to-infinitive		something				easily property	vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer something=Stimulus
2	hide	to-infinitive		a feeling					vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent feeling=Patient
3	swallow in a quote	infinitive		your pride					vn gobble-39.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pride=Patient
4	pride in a quote		your						nom pride «feeling transitive»: poss=agent

Example 1

Chew your food well before you swallow it.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Chew	chew	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	3 food	nmod:poss
3	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Chew	obj
4	well	well	ADV	Degree=Pos	1 Chew	advmod
5	before	before	SCONJ	_	7 swallow	mark
6	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	7 swallow	nsubj
7	swallow	swallow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Chew	advcl
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 swallow	obj
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Chew	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	chew	imperative	you not said here	your food				well property	vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Patient
2	swallow	present	you	food					vn gobble-39.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient

Example 2

My little brother swallowed a coin, so Mum called the doctor.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	My	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	3 brother	nmod:poss
2	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 brother	amod
3	brother	brother	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 swallowed	nsubj
4	swallowed	swallow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 coin	det
6	coin	coin	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 swallowed	obj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 called	punct
8	so	so	ADV	_	10 called	advmod
9	Mum	Mum	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 called	nsubj
10	called	call	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 swallowed	parataxis
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 doctor	det
12	doctor	doctor	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 called	obj
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 swallowed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	swallow	past	My little brother	a coin					vn gobble-39.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent coin=Patient
2	call	past	Mum	the doctor					vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent doctor=Recipient

Example 3

It hurts to swallow when you have a sore throat.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 hurts	nsubj
2	hurts	hurt	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	to	to	PART	_	4 swallow	mark
4	swallow	swallow	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 hurts	xcomp
5	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	7 have	advmod
6	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	7 have	nsubj
7	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 swallow	advcl
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 throat	det
9	sore	sore	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 throat	amod
10	throat	throat	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 have	obj
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 hurts	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hurt	present	It						tree rules
2	swallow	to-infinitive							vn hiccup-40.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	have	present	you	a sore throat					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent throat=Patient

Example 4

Snakes swallow their food whole.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Snakes	snake	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 swallow	nsubj
2	swallow	swallow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 food	nmod:poss
4	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 swallow	obj
5	whole	whole	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 swallow	xcomp
6	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 swallow	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	swallow	present	Snakes	Snakes's food				whole property	vn gobble-39.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Patient

Example 5

He swallowed hard and walked on stage.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 swallowed	nsubj
2	swallowed	swallow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	hard	hard	ADV	Degree=Pos	2 swallowed	advmod
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 walked	cc
5	walked	walk	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 swallowed	conj
6	on	on	ADP	_	7 stage	case
7	stage	stage	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 walked	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 swallowed	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	swallow	past	He					hard property	vn hiccup-40.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	walk	past	He not said here			stage			vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on stage=Trajectory

Example 6

Swallows build mud nests under the roof.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Swallows	swallow	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 build	nsubj
2	build	build	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	mud	mud	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 nests	compound
4	nests	nest	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 build	obj
5	under	under	ADP	_	7 roof	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 roof	det
7	roof	roof	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 build	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 build	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	build	present	Swallows	mud nests		the roof			vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset nest=Product

Example 7

In autumn the swallows fly south.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	2 autumn	case
2	autumn	autumn	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 fly	obl
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 swallows	det
4	swallows	swallow	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 fly	nsubj
5	fly	fly	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	south	south	ADV	_	5 fly	advmod
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 fly	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fly	present	the swallows				autumn	south property	vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Example 8

That story is hard to swallow.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	That	that	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	2 story	det
2	story	story	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 hard	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 hard	cop
4	hard	hard	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	6 swallow	mark
6	swallow	swallow	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 hard	xcomp
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 hard	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	that story					hard property	tree rules
2	swallow	to-infinitive	that story not said here						vn hiccup-40.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Example 9

One swallow does not make summer.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	One	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	2 swallow	nummod
2	swallow	swallow	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 make	nsubj
3	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 make	aux
4	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	5 make	advmod
5	make	make	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	summer	summer	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 make	obj
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 make	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not make	present · do-support	One swallow				summer		vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/S/swallow/