swim Who acts: swim, you, Fish, head, Lily, He · What happens: swim, mean, move, use, be, go · To what, where: water, arms, time, fins, 8 laps, 200 meters · Speech: someone speaks here
«swim» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: swim in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To swim means to move through water using your arms and legs.
mark csubj mark xcomp case obl advcl nmod:poss obj cc conj punct root To PART swim VERB means VERB to PART move VERB through ADP water NOUN using VERB your PRON arms NOUN and CCONJ legs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 swim mark 2 swim swim VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 means csubj 3 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to PART _ 5 move mark 5 move move VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 means xcomp 6 through through ADP _ 7 water case 7 water water NOUN Number=Sing 5 move obl 8 using use VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 5 move advcl 9 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 arms nmod:poss 10 arms arm NOUN Number=Plur 8 using obj 11 and and CCONJ _ 12 legs cc 12 legs leg NOUN Number=Plur 10 arms conj 13 . . PUNCT _ 3 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 swim to-infinitive vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 move not said to happen to-infinitive water vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme through water=Trajectory 4 use gerund your arms and legs vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent arm=Patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A swim is a time when you swim: go for a swim.
det nsubj cop det mark nsubj acl:relcl punct parataxis case det obl punct root A DET swim NOUN is AUX a DET time NOUN when SCONJ you PRON swim VERB : PUNCT go VERB for ADP a DET swim NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 swim det 2 swim swim NOUN Number=Sing 5 time nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 time cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 time det 5 time time NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 when when SCONJ _ 8 swim mark 7 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 8 swim nsubj 8 swim swim VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 time acl:relcl 9 : : PUNCT _ 10 go punct 10 go go VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 5 time parataxis 11 for for ADP _ 13 swim case 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 swim det 13 swim swim NOUN Number=Sing 10 go obl 14 . . PUNCT _ 5 time punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a swim a time tree rules 2 swim present you vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 go infinitive for a swim vn help-72.1-2 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent for swim=Beneficiary
Meaning 3 Fish swim using their fins and tails.
nsubj advcl nmod:poss obj cc conj punct root Fish NOUN swim VERB using VERB their PRON fins NOUN and CCONJ tails NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Fish fish NOUN Number=Plur 2 swim nsubj 2 swim swim VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 using use VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 2 swim advcl 4 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 fins nmod:poss 5 fins fin NOUN Number=Plur 3 using obj 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 tails cc 7 tails tail NOUN Number=Plur 5 fins conj 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 swim punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 swim present Fish vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 use gerund Fish not said here Fish's fins and tails vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fin=Patient
Meaning 4 «My head is swimming» means you feel dizzy.
punct nmod:poss nsubj aux nsubj punct nsubj ccomp xcomp punct root « PUNCT My PRON head NOUN is AUX swimming VERB » PUNCT means VERB you PRON feel VERB dizzy ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 5 swimming punct 2 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 head nmod:poss 3 head head NOUN Number=Sing 5 swimming nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 swimming aux 5 swimming swim VERB VerbForm=Ger 7 means nsubj 6 » » PUNCT _ 5 swimming punct 7 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 8 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 9 feel nsubj 9 feel feel VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 means ccomp 10 dizzy dizzy ADJ Degree=Pos 9 feel xcomp 11 . . PUNCT _ 7 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 swim in a quote present · progressive My head vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 feel present you dizzy property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus
Example 1 Lily swims 8 laps each day.
nsubj nummod obj det obl:unmarked punct root Lily PROPN swims VERB 8 NUM laps NOUN each DET day NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Lily Lily PROPN Number=Sing 2 swims nsubj 2 swims swim VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 8 8 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 laps nummod 4 laps lap NOUN Number=Plur 2 swims obj 5 each each DET PronType=Tot 6 day det 6 day day NOUN Number=Sing 2 swims obl:unmarked 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 swims punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 swim present Lily 8 laps day vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme lap=Trajectory
Example 2 He swam 200 meters.
nsubj nummod obj punct root He PRON swam VERB 200 NUM meters NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 swam nsubj 2 swam swim VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 200 200 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 meters nummod 4 meters meter NOUN Number=Plur 2 swam obj 5 . . PUNCT _ 2 swam punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 swim past He 200 meters vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme meter=Trajectory
Example 3 They swim for 45 minutes.
nsubj case nummod obl punct root They PRON swim VERB for ADP 45 NUM minutes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 They they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 swim nsubj 2 swim swim VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 for for ADP _ 5 minutes case 4 45 45 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 minutes nummod 5 minutes minute NOUN Number=Plur 2 swim obl 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 swim punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 swim present They minute vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 4 How many laps did she swim in a week?
advmod amod nsubj aux nsubj case det obl punct root How ADV many ADJ laps NOUN did AUX she PRON swim VERB in ADP a DET week NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 many advmod 2 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 3 laps amod 3 laps lap NOUN Number=Plur 6 swim nsubj 4 did do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 swim aux 5 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 swim nsubj 6 swim swim VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 7 in in ADP _ 9 week case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 week det 9 week week NOUN Number=Sing 6 swim obl 10 ? ? PUNCT _ 6 swim punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 swim past · do-support many laps week vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 5 Always swim between the red and yellow flags.
advmod case det amod cc conj obl punct root Always ADV swim VERB between ADP the DET red ADJ and CCONJ yellow ADJ flags NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Always always ADV PronType=Tot 2 swim advmod 2 swim swim VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 between between ADP _ 8 flags case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 flags det 5 red red ADJ Degree=Pos 8 flags amod 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 yellow cc 7 yellow yellow ADJ Degree=Pos 5 red conj 8 flags flag NOUN Number=Plur 2 swim obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 swim punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 swim imperative you not said here the red flags always property vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme between flag=Trajectory
Example 6 Fish swim in schools.
nsubj case obl punct root Fish NOUN swim VERB in ADP schools NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Fish fish NOUN Number=Plur 2 swim nsubj 2 swim swim VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 in in ADP _ 4 schools case 4 schools school NOUN Number=Plur 2 swim obl 5 . . PUNCT _ 2 swim punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 swim present Fish schools vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in school=Trajectory
Example 7 We go for a swim after school on Fridays.
nsubj case det obl case obl case obl punct root We PRON go VERB for ADP a DET swim NOUN after ADP school NOUN on ADP Fridays PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 go nsubj 2 go go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 for for ADP _ 5 swim case 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 swim det 5 swim swim NOUN Number=Sing 2 go obl 6 after after ADP _ 7 school case 7 school school NOUN Number=Sing 2 go obl 8 on on ADP _ 9 Fridays case 9 Fridays Friday PROPN Number=Plur 2 go obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 go punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go present We after school; friday for a swim vn help-72.1-2 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent for swim=Beneficiary
Example 8 I learned to swim when I was five.
nsubj mark xcomp mark nsubj cop obj punct root I PRON learned VERB to PART swim VERB when SCONJ I PRON was AUX five NUM . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 learned nsubj 2 learned learn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to PART _ 4 swim mark 4 swim swim VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 learned xcomp 5 when when SCONJ _ 8 five mark 6 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 8 five nsubj 7 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 five cop 8 five five NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 4 swim obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 learned punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 learn past I vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 swim to-infinitive I not said here vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 is a past I five tree rules
Example 9 “Shall we swim or fly, Peter?”
punct aux nsubj cc conj punct obl punct punct root “ PUNCT Shall AUX we PRON swim VERB or CCONJ fly VERB , PUNCT Peter PROPN ? PUNCT ” PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 “ " PUNCT _ 4 swim punct 2 Shall shall AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 swim aux 3 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 swim nsubj 4 swim swim VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 or or CCONJ _ 6 fly cc 6 fly fly VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 swim conj 7 , , PUNCT _ 8 Peter punct 8 Peter Peter PROPN Number=Sing 4 swim obl 9 ? ? PUNCT _ 4 swim punct 10 ” " PUNCT _ 4 swim punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 swim in a quote shall we Peter vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 fly in a quote infinitive we not said here vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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