sworn Who acts: past participle, I, Sworn enemies, He, Cats, witness · What happens: swear, keep, mean, make, give, promise · To what, where: secret, sworn statement, truth, enemies, rude words, referee · Speech: someone speaks here
«sworn» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: sworn in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Sworn is the past participle of «swear»: «I have sworn to keep the secret».
The tree, 14 words aux:pass det amod obl:agent case punct nmod punct punct punct nsubj aux conj mark xcomp det obj punct punct root Sworn VERB is AUX the DET past ADJ participle NOUN of ADP « PUNCT swear NOUN » PUNCT : PUNCT « PUNCT I PRON have AUX sworn VERB to PART keep VERB the DET secret NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sworn swear VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Sworn aux:pass 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 participle det 4 past past ADJ Degree=Pos 5 participle amod 5 participle participle NOUN Number=Sing 1 Sworn obl:agent 6 of of ADP _ 8 swear case 7 « « PUNCT _ 8 swear punct 8 swear swear NOUN Number=Sing 5 participle nmod 9 » » PUNCT _ 5 participle punct 10 : : PUNCT _ 14 sworn punct 11 « « PUNCT _ 14 sworn punct 12 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 14 sworn nsubj 13 have have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 sworn aux 14 sworn swear VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 1 Sworn conj 15 to to PART _ 16 keep mark 16 keep keep VERB VerbForm=Inf 14 sworn xcomp 17 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 18 secret det 18 secret secret NOUN Number=Sing 16 keep obj 19 » » PUNCT _ 16 keep punct 20 . . PUNCT _ 1 Sworn punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 swear present · passive the past participle of swear vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 2 swear in a quote present · perfect I vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme 3 keep in a quote to-infinitive I not said here the secret vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent secret=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Sworn means made with a serious promise: a sworn statement or sworn evidence is given after promising to tell the truth.
The tree, 21 words nsubj ccomp case det amod obl punct det amod nsubj:pass cc amod conj aux:pass conj mark advcl mark xcomp det obj punct root Sworn VERB means VERB made VERB with ADP a DET serious ADJ promise NOUN : PUNCT a DET sworn VERB statement NOUN or CCONJ sworn VERB evidence NOUN is AUX given VERB after SCONJ promising VERB to PART tell VERB the DET truth NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sworn swear VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 means ccomp 4 with with ADP _ 7 promise case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 promise det 6 serious serious ADJ Degree=Pos 7 promise amod 7 promise promise NOUN Number=Sing 3 made obl 8 : : PUNCT _ 16 given punct 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 statement det 10 sworn swear VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 11 statement amod 11 statement statement NOUN Number=Sing 16 given nsubj:pass 12 or or CCONJ _ 14 evidence cc 13 sworn swear VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 14 evidence amod 14 evidence evidence NOUN Number=Sing 11 statement conj 15 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 16 given aux:pass 16 given give VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 means conj 17 after after SCONJ _ 18 promising mark 18 promising promise VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 16 given advcl 19 to to PART _ 20 tell mark 20 tell tell VERB VerbForm=Inf 18 promising xcomp 21 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 22 truth det 22 truth truth NOUN Number=Sing 20 tell obj 23 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 swear participle vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 make participle with a serious promise vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset 4 swear participle vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 5 swear participle vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 6 give present · passive a sworn statement or sworn evidence vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme 7 promise speech: promise gerund vn promise-37.13 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 8 tell speech: assert not said to happen to-infinitive the truth vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent truth=Recipient
Meaning 3 Sworn enemies or sworn friends are completely and permanently enemies or friends.
amod nsubj cc amod conj cop advmod cc advmod cc conj punct root Sworn VERB enemies NOUN or CCONJ sworn VERB friends NOUN are AUX completely ADV and CCONJ permanently ADV enemies NOUN or CCONJ friends NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sworn swear VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 enemies amod 2 enemies enemy NOUN Number=Plur 10 enemies nsubj 3 or or CCONJ _ 5 friends cc 4 sworn swear VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 friends amod 5 friends friend NOUN Number=Plur 2 enemies conj 6 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 enemies cop 7 completely completely ADV _ 10 enemies advmod 8 and and CCONJ _ 10 enemies cc 9 permanently permanently ADV _ 10 enemies advmod 10 enemies enemy NOUN Number=Plur root root 11 or or CCONJ _ 12 friends cc 12 friends friend NOUN Number=Plur 10 enemies conj 13 . . PUNCT _ 10 enemies punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 swear participle vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 2 swear participle vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 3 is a present Sworn enemies or sworn friends enemies or friends completely, permanently property tree rules
Meaning 4 Sworn can also come from «swear» meaning to use rude words: «He has sworn at the referee».
The tree, 17 words nsubj aux advmod case punct conj punct advcl mark xcomp amod obj punct punct nsubj aux advcl case det obl punct punct root Sworn VERB can AUX also ADV come VERB from ADP « PUNCT swear VERB » PUNCT meaning VERB to PART use VERB rude ADJ words NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT He PRON has AUX sworn VERB at ADP the DET referee NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sworn swear VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 come nsubj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 come aux 3 also also ADV _ 4 come advmod 4 come come VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 from from ADP _ 7 swear case 6 « « PUNCT _ 7 swear punct 7 swear swear VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 come conj 8 » » PUNCT _ 7 swear punct 9 meaning mean VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 7 swear advcl 10 to to PART _ 11 use mark 11 use use VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 meaning xcomp 12 rude rude ADJ Degree=Pos 13 words amod 13 words word NOUN Number=Plur 11 use obj 14 : : PUNCT _ 18 sworn punct 15 « « PUNCT _ 18 sworn punct 16 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 18 sworn nsubj 17 has have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 18 sworn aux 18 sworn swear VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 4 come advcl 19 at at ADP _ 21 referee case 20 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 21 referee det 21 referee referee NOUN Number=Sing 18 sworn obl 22 » » PUNCT _ 18 sworn punct 23 . . PUNCT _ 4 come punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 swear participle vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 2 come can vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 swear in a quote infinitive vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 4 mean gerund vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 5 use not said to happen to-infinitive rude words vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Patient 6 swear in a quote present · perfect He the referee vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
Example 1 The knights had sworn to protect the queen.
det nsubj:pass aux mark advcl det obj punct root The DET knights NOUN had AUX sworn VERB to PART protect VERB the DET queen NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 knights det 2 knights knight NOUN Number=Plur 4 sworn nsubj:pass 3 had have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 sworn aux 4 sworn swear VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 to to PART _ 6 protect mark 6 protect protect VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 sworn advcl 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 queen det 8 queen queen NOUN Number=Sing 6 protect obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 sworn punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 swear past · perfect · passive the knights vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V NP to be NP»: subject=Eventuality 2 protect to-infinitive the queen vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent queen=Beneficiary
Example 2 I was sworn to secrecy about the surprise party.
nsubj aux:pass case obl case det compound nmod punct root I PRON was AUX sworn VERB to ADP secrecy NOUN about ADP the DET surprise NOUN party NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 sworn nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 sworn aux:pass 3 sworn swear VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 to to ADP _ 5 secrecy case 5 secrecy secrecy NOUN Number=Sing 3 sworn obl 6 about about ADP _ 9 party case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 party det 8 surprise surprise NOUN Number=Sing 9 party compound 9 party party NOUN Number=Sing 5 secrecy nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 sworn punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 swear past · passive I to secrecy about the surprise party vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V NP to be NP»: subject=Eventuality
Example 3 Cats and dogs in cartoons are often sworn enemies.
nsubj cc conj case nmod cop advmod amod punct root Cats NOUN and CCONJ dogs NOUN in ADP cartoons NOUN are AUX often ADV sworn VERB enemies NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Cats cat NOUN Number=Plur 9 enemies nsubj 2 and and CCONJ _ 3 dogs cc 3 dogs dog NOUN Number=Plur 1 Cats conj 4 in in ADP _ 5 cartoons case 5 cartoons cartoon NOUN Number=Plur 1 Cats nmod 6 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 enemies cop 7 often often ADV _ 9 enemies advmod 8 sworn swear VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 9 enemies amod 9 enemies enemy NOUN Number=Plur root root 10 . . PUNCT _ 9 enemies punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 swear participle vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 2 is a present Cats in cartoons and dogs sworn enemies often property tree rules
Example 4 The new president was sworn in.
det amod nsubj:pass aux:pass compound:prt punct root The DET new ADJ president NOUN was AUX sworn VERB in ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 president det 2 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 3 president amod 3 president president NOUN Number=Sing 5 sworn nsubj:pass 4 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 sworn aux:pass 5 sworn swear VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 in in ADP _ 5 sworn compound:prt 7 . . PUNCT _ 5 sworn punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 swear in past · passive the new president vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V NP to be NP»: subject=Eventuality
Example 5 The witness gave sworn evidence in court.
det nsubj amod obj case obl punct root The DET witness NOUN gave VERB sworn VERB evidence NOUN in ADP court NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 witness det 2 witness witness NOUN Number=Sing 3 gave nsubj 3 gave give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 sworn swear VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 evidence amod 5 evidence evidence NOUN Number=Sing 3 gave obj 6 in in ADP _ 7 court case 7 court court NOUN Number=Sing 3 gave obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 gave punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give past the witness sworn evidence court vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent evidence=Theme 2 swear participle vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
Example 6 He has sworn never to eat sprouts again.
nsubj aux advmod mark xcomp obj advmod punct root He PRON has AUX sworn VERB never ADV to PART eat VERB sprouts NOUN again ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 sworn nsubj 2 has have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 sworn aux 3 sworn swear VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part root root 4 never never ADV PronType=Neg 6 eat advmod 5 to to PART _ 6 eat mark 6 eat eat VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 sworn xcomp 7 sprouts sprout NOUN Number=Plur 6 eat obj 8 again again ADV _ 6 eat advmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 sworn punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 swear present · perfect He vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme 2 not eat to-infinitive He not said here sprouts again vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sprout=Patient
Example 7 The player was sent off after he had sworn at the referee.
det nsubj:pass aux:pass compound:prt mark nsubj aux advcl case det obl punct root The DET player NOUN was AUX sent VERB off ADP after SCONJ he PRON had AUX sworn VERB at ADP the DET referee NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 player det 2 player player NOUN Number=Sing 4 sent nsubj:pass 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 sent aux:pass 4 sent send VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 off off ADP _ 4 sent compound:prt 6 after after SCONJ _ 9 sworn mark 7 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 sworn nsubj 8 had have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 sworn aux 9 sworn swear VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 4 sent advcl 10 at at ADP _ 12 referee case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 referee det 12 referee referee NOUN Number=Sing 9 sworn obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 4 sent punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 send off past · passive the player vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme 2 swear past · perfect he the referee vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
Example 8 "He is the sworn foe of Dragons," said the Chancellor.
punct nsubj cop det amod nsubj case nmod punct punct det nsubj punct root " PUNCT He PRON is AUX the DET sworn VERB foe NOUN of ADP Dragons NOUN , PUNCT " PUNCT said VERB the DET Chancellor PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 6 foe punct 2 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 foe nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 foe cop 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 foe det 5 sworn swear VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 foe amod 6 foe foe NOUN Number=Sing 11 said nsubj 7 of of ADP _ 8 Dragons case 8 Dragons dragon NOUN Number=Plur 6 foe nmod 9 , , PUNCT _ 6 foe punct 10 " " PUNCT _ 6 foe punct 11 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 Chancellor det 13 Chancellor Chancellor PROPN Number=Sing 11 said nsubj 14 . . PUNCT _ 11 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 swear in a quote participle vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 2 is a in a quote present He the sworn foe of Dragons tree rules 3 say speech: assert past the Chancellor vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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