synthesis Who acts: synthesis, Photosynthesis, Sound synthesis, speech synthesis, computer, plants · What happens: be, make, join, speak, project, let · To what, where: mix, new whole, substance, simpler substances, nature, light · Speech: someone speaks here
«synthesis» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: synthesis in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A synthesis is a mix or combination of different ideas, parts or things into one new whole.
The tree, 17 words det nsubj cop det cc conj case amod nmod punct conj cc conj case nsubj amod nmod punct root A DET synthesis NOUN is AUX a DET mix NOUN or CCONJ combination NOUN of ADP different ADJ ideas NOUN , PUNCT parts NOUN or CCONJ things NOUN into ADP one NUM new ADJ whole ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 synthesis det 2 synthesis synthesis NOUN Number=Sing 5 mix nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 mix cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 mix det 5 mix mix NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 combination cc 7 combination combination NOUN Number=Sing 5 mix conj 8 of of ADP _ 10 ideas case 9 different different ADJ Degree=Pos 10 ideas amod 10 ideas idea NOUN Number=Plur 5 mix nmod 11 , , PUNCT _ 12 parts punct 12 parts part NOUN Number=Plur 10 ideas conj 13 or or CCONJ _ 14 things cc 14 things thing NOUN Number=Plur 10 ideas conj 15 into into ADP _ 18 whole case 16 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 18 whole nsubj 17 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 18 whole amod 18 whole whole ADJ Degree=Pos 5 mix nmod 19 . . PUNCT _ 5 mix punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a synthesis a mix or combination new whole of different ideas and parts or things tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.
Synthesis is making a substance by joining simpler substances, in nature or in a lab.
The tree, 15 words nsubj aux det obj mark advcl amod obj punct case nmod cc case det conj punct root Synthesis NOUN is AUX making VERB a DET substance NOUN by SCONJ joining VERB simpler ADJ substances NOUN , PUNCT in ADP nature NOUN or CCONJ in ADP a DET lab NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Synthesis synthesis NOUN Number=Sing 3 making nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 making aux 3 making make VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 substance det 5 substance substance NOUN Number=Sing 3 making obj 6 by by SCONJ _ 7 joining mark 7 joining join VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 making advcl 8 simpler simple ADJ Degree=Cmp 9 substances amod 9 substances substance NOUN Number=Plur 7 joining obj 10 , , PUNCT _ 12 nature punct 11 in in ADP _ 12 nature case 12 nature nature NOUN Number=Sing 9 substances nmod 13 or or CCONJ _ 16 lab cc 14 in in ADP _ 16 lab case 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 lab det 16 lab lab NOUN Number=Sing 12 nature conj 17 . . PUNCT _ 3 making punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make present · progressive Synthesis a substance vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset substance=Product 2 join gerund Synthesis not said here simpler substances nature or a lab vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent substance=Patient
Meaning 3 Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.
Photosynthesis is how plants make their own food from light, water and carbon dioxide.
The tree, 14 words nsubj cop advmod nsubj nmod:poss amod obj case obl punct conj cc compound conj punct root Photosynthesis NOUN is AUX how ADV plants NOUN make VERB their PRON own ADJ food NOUN from ADP light NOUN , PUNCT water NOUN and CCONJ carbon NOUN dioxide NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Photosynthesis photosynthesis NOUN Number=Sing 5 make nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 make cop 3 how how ADV PronType=Int 5 make advmod 4 plants plant NOUN Number=Plur 5 make nsubj 5 make make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 food nmod:poss 7 own own ADJ Degree=Pos 8 food amod 8 food food NOUN Number=Sing 5 make obj 9 from from ADP _ 10 light case 10 light light NOUN Number=Sing 5 make obl 11 , , PUNCT _ 12 water punct 12 water water NOUN Number=Sing 10 light conj 13 and and CCONJ _ 15 dioxide cc 14 carbon carbon NOUN Number=Sing 15 dioxide compound 15 dioxide dioxide NOUN Number=Sing 10 light conj 16 . . PUNCT _ 5 make punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Photosynthesis light and water and carbon dioxide make property tree rules
Meaning 4 Usage: music, computers — kept apart, not parsed.
Sound synthesis is making sounds electronically, and speech synthesis is a computer speaking.
The tree, 13 words compound nsubj aux obj advmod punct cc compound nsubj cop det obl acl punct root Sound NOUN synthesis NOUN is AUX making VERB sounds NOUN electronically ADV , PUNCT and CCONJ speech NOUN synthesis NOUN is AUX a DET computer NOUN speaking VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sound sound NOUN Number=Sing 2 synthesis compound 2 synthesis synthesis NOUN Number=Sing 4 making nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 making aux 4 making make VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 5 sounds sound NOUN Number=Plur 4 making obj 6 electronically electronically ADV _ 4 making advmod 7 , , PUNCT _ 13 computer punct 8 and and CCONJ _ 13 computer cc 9 speech speech NOUN Number=Sing 10 synthesis compound 10 synthesis synthesis NOUN Number=Sing 13 computer nsubj 11 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 computer cop 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 computer det 13 computer computer NOUN Number=Sing 4 making obl 14 speaking speak VERB VerbForm=Ger 13 computer acl 15 . . PUNCT _ 4 making punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make present · progressive Sound synthesis sounds electronically property vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset sound=Product 2 is a present speech synthesis a computer tree rules 3 speak speech: other gerund a computer not said here vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 1 Photosynthesis is how plants make food from sunlight.
nsubj advmod nsubj ccomp obj case obl punct root Photosynthesis NOUN is VERB how ADV plants NOUN make VERB food NOUN from ADP sunlight NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Photosynthesis photosynthesis NOUN Number=Sing 2 is nsubj 2 is be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 how how ADV PronType=Int 5 make advmod 4 plants plant NOUN Number=Plur 5 make nsubj 5 make make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 is ccomp 6 food food NOUN Number=Sing 5 make obj 7 from from ADP _ 8 sunlight case 8 sunlight sunlight NOUN Number=Sing 5 make obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 is punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 be present Photosynthesis tree rules 2 make present plants food sunlight vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset food=Product from sunlight=Material
Example 2 The report was a synthesis of ideas from many books.
det nsubj cop det case nmod case amod nmod punct root The DET report NOUN was AUX a DET synthesis NOUN of ADP ideas NOUN from ADP many ADJ books NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 report det 2 report report NOUN Number=Sing 5 synthesis nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 synthesis cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 synthesis det 5 synthesis synthesis NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 7 ideas case 7 ideas idea NOUN Number=Plur 5 synthesis nmod 8 from from ADP _ 10 books case 9 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 10 books amod 10 books book NOUN Number=Plur 7 ideas nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 synthesis punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past the report a synthesis of ideas from many books tree rules
Example 3 Scientists made the medicine by chemical synthesis.
nsubj det obj case amod obl punct root Scientists NOUN made VERB the DET medicine NOUN by ADP chemical ADJ synthesis NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Scientists scientist NOUN Number=Plur 2 made nsubj 2 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 medicine det 4 medicine medicine NOUN Number=Sing 2 made obj 5 by by ADP _ 7 synthesis case 6 chemical chemical ADJ Degree=Pos 7 synthesis amod 7 synthesis synthesis NOUN Number=Sing 2 made obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past Scientists the medicine by chemical synthesis vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset medicine=Product
Example 4 Our project was a synthesis of art and science.
nmod:poss nsubj cop det case nmod cc conj punct root Our PRON project NOUN was AUX a DET synthesis NOUN of ADP art NOUN and CCONJ science NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 project nmod:poss 2 project project NOUN Number=Sing 5 synthesis nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 synthesis cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 synthesis det 5 synthesis synthesis NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 7 art case 7 art art NOUN Number=Sing 5 synthesis nmod 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 science cc 9 science science NOUN Number=Sing 7 art conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 synthesis punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past Our project a synthesis of art and science tree rules 2 project Our nom project «act transitive»: poss=agent
Example 5 Speech synthesis lets the computer read stories aloud.
compound nsubj det nsubj parataxis obj advmod punct root Speech NOUN synthesis NOUN lets VERB the DET computer NOUN read VERB stories NOUN aloud ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Speech speech NOUN Number=Sing 2 synthesis compound 2 synthesis synthesis NOUN Number=Sing 3 lets nsubj 3 lets let VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 computer det 5 computer computer NOUN Number=Sing 6 read nsubj 6 read read VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 lets parataxis 7 stories story NOUN Number=Plur 6 read obj 8 aloud aloud ADV _ 6 read advmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 lets punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 let present Speech synthesis vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent 2 read past the computer stories aloud property vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent story=Topic
Example 6 The synthesis of proteins happens inside our cells.
det nsubj case nmod case nmod:poss obl punct root The DET synthesis NOUN of ADP proteins NOUN happens VERB inside ADP our PRON cells NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 synthesis det 2 synthesis synthesis NOUN Number=Sing 5 happens nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 4 proteins case 4 proteins protein NOUN Number=Plur 2 synthesis nmod 5 happens happen VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 inside inside ADP _ 8 cells case 7 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 cells nmod:poss 8 cells cell NOUN Number=Plur 5 happens obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 happens punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 happen present the synthesis of proteins our cells vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme inside cell=Location
Example 7 Your essay should be a synthesis, not a copy of one source.
nmod:poss nsubj aux cop det punct advmod det appos case nummod nmod punct root Your PRON essay NOUN should AUX be AUX a DET synthesis NOUN , PUNCT not PART a DET copy NOUN of ADP one NUM source NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 essay nmod:poss 2 essay essay NOUN Number=Sing 6 synthesis nsubj 3 should should AUX VerbForm=Fin 6 synthesis aux 4 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 6 synthesis cop 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 synthesis det 6 synthesis synthesis NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 , , PUNCT _ 10 copy punct 8 not not PART Polarity=Neg 10 copy advmod 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 copy det 10 copy copy NOUN Number=Sing 6 synthesis appos 11 of of ADP _ 13 source case 12 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 13 source nummod 13 source source NOUN Number=Sing 10 copy nmod 14 . . PUNCT _ 6 synthesis punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a should Your essay a synthesis tree rules 2 essay Your nom essay «communication transitive»: poss=agent 3 copy one source nom copy «communication transitive»: of=patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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