tarmac Who acts: Tarmac, planes, Workers, plane, dogs, He · What happens: be, make, crush, mix, mean, park · To what, where: hard black material, crushed stones, area, playground, new tarmac, road
«tarmac» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: tarmac in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Tarmac is a hard black material for road and path surfaces, made of crushed stones mixed with tar.
The tree, 18 words nsubj cop det amod amod case nmod cc compound conj punct acl case amod obl acl case obl punct root Tarmac NOUN is AUX a DET hard ADJ black ADJ material NOUN for ADP road NOUN and CCONJ path NOUN surfaces NOUN , PUNCT made VERB of ADP crushed VERB stones NOUN mixed VERB with ADP tar NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Tarmac tarmac NOUN Number=Sing 6 material nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 material cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 material det 4 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 6 material amod 5 black black ADJ Degree=Pos 6 material amod 6 material material NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 for for ADP _ 8 road case 8 road road NOUN Number=Sing 6 material nmod 9 and and CCONJ _ 11 surfaces cc 10 path path NOUN Number=Sing 11 surfaces compound 11 surfaces surface NOUN Number=Plur 8 road conj 12 , , PUNCT _ 13 made punct 13 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 material acl 14 of of ADP _ 16 stones case 15 crushed crush VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 16 stones amod 16 stones stone NOUN Number=Plur 13 made obl 17 mixed mix VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 16 stones acl 18 with with ADP _ 19 tar case 19 tar tar NOUN Number=Sing 17 mixed obl 20 . . PUNCT _ 6 material punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Tarmac a hard black material for road and path surfaces tree rules 2 make participle a hard black material not said here of crushed stones vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset 3 crush participle vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient 4 mix participle crushed stones not said here with tar vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V PP.co-patient»: agent=Patient with tar=Co-Patient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 «The tarmac» often means the area of an airport where planes park and take off.
The tree, 15 words punct det nsubj punct advmod det obj case det nmod advmod nsubj acl:relcl cc conj compound:prt punct root « PUNCT The DET tarmac NOUN » PUNCT often ADV means VERB the DET area NOUN of ADP an DET airport NOUN where ADV planes NOUN park VERB and CCONJ take VERB off ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 3 tarmac punct 2 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 tarmac det 3 tarmac tarmac NOUN Number=Sing 6 means nsubj 4 » » PUNCT _ 3 tarmac punct 5 often often ADV _ 6 means advmod 6 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 area det 8 area area NOUN Number=Sing 6 means obj 9 of of ADP _ 11 airport case 10 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 airport det 11 airport airport NOUN Number=Sing 8 area nmod 12 where where ADV PronType=Rel 14 park advmod 13 planes plane NOUN Number=Plur 14 park nsubj 14 park park VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 airport acl:relcl 15 and and CCONJ _ 16 take cc 16 take take VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 park conj 17 off off ADP _ 16 take compound:prt 18 . . PUNCT _ 6 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present the tarmac the area of a airport often property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent area=Topic 2 park present planes vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 3 take off present planes not said here vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Example 1 The playground is covered in tarmac.
det nsubj:pass aux:pass case obl punct root The DET playground NOUN is AUX covered VERB in ADP tarmac NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 playground det 2 playground playground NOUN Number=Sing 4 covered nsubj:pass 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 covered aux:pass 4 covered cover VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 in in ADP _ 6 tarmac case 6 tarmac tarmac NOUN Number=Sing 4 covered obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 covered punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cover present · passive the playground in tarmac vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination in tarmac=Theme
Example 2 Workers laid new tarmac on our road.
nsubj amod obj case nmod:poss obl punct root Workers NOUN laid VERB new ADJ tarmac NOUN on ADP our PRON road NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Workers worker NOUN Number=Plur 2 laid nsubj 2 laid lay VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 new new ADJ Degree=Pos 4 tarmac amod 4 tarmac tarmac NOUN Number=Sing 2 laid obj 5 on on ADP _ 7 road case 6 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 road nmod:poss 7 road road NOUN Number=Sing 2 laid obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 laid punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lay past Workers new tarmac our road vn put_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent tarmac=Theme on road=Destination
Example 3 The plane sat on the tarmac for an hour.
det nsubj case det obl case det obl punct root The DET plane NOUN sat VERB on ADP the DET tarmac NOUN for ADP an DET hour NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 plane det 2 plane plane NOUN Number=Sing 3 sat nsubj 3 sat sit VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 on on ADP _ 6 tarmac case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 tarmac det 6 tarmac tarmac NOUN Number=Sing 3 sat obl 7 for for ADP _ 9 hour case 8 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 hour det 9 hour hour NOUN Number=Sing 3 sat obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 sat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sit past the plane the tarmac hour vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on tarmac=Location
Example 4 Tarmac gets very hot in summer, so dogs shouldn't walk on it at midday.
The tree, 15 words nsubj advmod xcomp case obl punct advmod nsubj aux advmod parataxis case obl case obl punct root Tarmac NOUN gets VERB very ADV hot ADJ in ADP summer NOUN , PUNCT so ADV dogs NOUN should AUX n't PART walk VERB on ADP it PRON at ADP midday NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Tarmac tarmac NOUN Number=Sing 2 gets nsubj 2 gets get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 very very ADV _ 4 hot advmod 4 hot hot ADJ Degree=Pos 2 gets xcomp 5 in in ADP _ 6 summer case 6 summer summer NOUN Number=Sing 4 hot obl 7 , , PUNCT _ 12 walk punct 8 so so ADV _ 12 walk advmod 9 dogs dog NOUN Number=Plur 12 walk nsubj 10 should should AUX VerbForm=Fin 12 walk aux 11 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 12 walk advmod 12 walk walk VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 gets parataxis 13 on on ADP _ 14 it case 14 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 walk obl 15 at at ADP _ 16 midday case 16 midday midday NOUN Number=Sing 12 walk obl 17 . . PUNCT _ 2 gets punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 get present Tarmac hot property vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer 2 not walk should dogs Tarmac at midday vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on it=Trajectory
Example 5 He grazed his knee on the tarmac.
nsubj nmod:poss obj case det obl punct root He PRON grazed VERB his PRON knee NOUN on ADP the DET tarmac NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 grazed nsubj 2 grazed graze VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 knee nmod:poss 4 knee knee NOUN Number=Sing 2 grazed obj 5 on on ADP _ 7 tarmac case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 tarmac det 7 tarmac tarmac NOUN Number=Sing 2 grazed obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 grazed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 graze past He his knee on the tarmac vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP PP.theme PP.instrument»: agent=Agent knee=Experiencer on tarmac=Theme
Example 6 The rain made the tarmac shiny and slippery.
det nsubj det obj xcomp cc conj punct root The DET rain NOUN made VERB the DET tarmac NOUN shiny ADJ and CCONJ slippery ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 rain det 2 rain rain NOUN Number=Sing 3 made nsubj 3 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 tarmac det 5 tarmac tarmac NOUN Number=Sing 3 made obj 6 shiny shiny ADJ Degree=Pos 3 made xcomp 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 slippery cc 8 slippery slippery ADJ Degree=Pos 6 shiny conj 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past the rain the tarmac shiny property vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset tarmac=Product
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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