text Who acts: Text, you, Mum, Instructions, your, sister · What happens: write, be, read, send, text, mean · To what, where: written words, piece, instructions, class, short written message, one phone · Speech: someone speaks here
«text» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: text in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Text is written words, like the words in a book or on a screen.
The tree, 14 words nsubj cop amod punct case det appos case det nmod cc case det conj punct root Text NOUN is AUX written VERB words NOUN , PUNCT like ADP the DET words NOUN in ADP a DET book NOUN or CCONJ on ADP a DET screen NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Text text NOUN Number=Sing 4 words nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 words cop 3 written write VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 words amod 4 words word NOUN Number=Plur root root 5 , , PUNCT _ 8 words punct 6 like like ADP _ 8 words case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 words det 8 words word NOUN Number=Plur 4 words appos 9 in in ADP _ 11 book case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 book det 11 book book NOUN Number=Sing 8 words nmod 12 or or CCONJ _ 15 screen cc 13 on on ADP _ 15 screen case 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 screen det 15 screen screen NOUN Number=Sing 11 book conj 16 . . PUNCT _ 4 words punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 write participle vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 is a present Text written words tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A text is a piece of writing, like a story, poem, article or set of instructions you read in class.
The tree, 20 words det nsubj cop det case nmod punct case det conj punct conj punct appos cc conj case nmod nsubj acl:relcl case obl punct root A DET text NOUN is AUX a DET piece NOUN of ADP writing NOUN , PUNCT like ADP a DET story NOUN , PUNCT poem NOUN , PUNCT article NOUN or CCONJ set NOUN of ADP instructions NOUN you PRON read VERB in ADP class NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 text det 2 text text NOUN Number=Sing 5 piece nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 piece cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 piece det 5 piece piece NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 7 writing case 7 writing writing NOUN Number=Sing 5 piece nmod 8 , , PUNCT _ 11 story punct 9 like like ADP _ 11 story case 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 story det 11 story story NOUN Number=Sing 5 piece conj 12 , , PUNCT _ 13 poem punct 13 poem poem NOUN Number=Sing 11 story conj 14 , , PUNCT _ 15 article punct 15 article article NOUN Number=Sing 13 poem appos 16 or or CCONJ _ 17 set cc 17 set set NOUN Number=Sing 15 article conj 18 of of ADP _ 19 instructions case 19 instructions instruction NOUN Number=Plur 17 set nmod 20 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 21 read nsubj 21 read read VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 19 instructions acl:relcl 22 in in ADP _ 23 class case 23 class class NOUN Number=Sing 21 read obl 24 . . PUNCT _ 5 piece punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a text a piece and a story and poem of writing tree rules 2 read present you instructions not said here class vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent instruction=Topic
Meaning 3 A text (text message) is a short written message sent from one phone to another.
The tree, 15 words det nsubj punct compound appos punct cop det amod amod acl case nummod obl case obl punct root A DET text NOUN ( PUNCT text NOUN message NOUN ) PUNCT is AUX a DET short ADJ written VERB message NOUN sent VERB from ADP one NUM phone NOUN to ADP another DET . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 text det 2 text text NOUN Number=Sing 11 message nsubj 3 ( ( PUNCT _ 5 message punct 4 text text NOUN Number=Sing 5 message compound 5 message message NOUN Number=Sing 2 text appos 6 ) ) PUNCT _ 5 message punct 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 message cop 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 message det 9 short short ADJ Degree=Pos 11 message amod 10 written write VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 11 message amod 11 message message NOUN Number=Sing root root 12 sent send VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 11 message acl 13 from from ADP _ 15 phone case 14 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 15 phone nummod 15 phone phone NOUN Number=Sing 12 sent obl 16 to to ADP _ 17 another case 17 another another DET PronType=Ind 12 sent obl 18 . . PUNCT _ 11 message punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 write participle vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 is a present a text a short written message tree rules 3 send participle a short written message not said here one phone to another vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP PP.initial_location PP.destination»: agent=Agent from phone=Initial_Location to another=Destination
Meaning 4 To text someone means to send them a text message.
mark csubj obj mark xcomp obj det compound obj punct root To PART text VERB someone PRON means VERB to PART send VERB them PRON a DET text NOUN message NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 text mark 2 text text VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 means csubj 3 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 text obj 4 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 to to PART _ 6 send mark 6 send send VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 means xcomp 7 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 send obj 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 message det 9 text text NOUN Number=Sing 10 message compound 10 message message NOUN Number=Sing 6 send obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 text to-infinitive someone tree rules 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 send not said to happen to-infinitive them = they vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent they=Destination message=Theme
Example 1 Read the text and answer the questions.
det obj cc conj det obj punct root Read VERB the DET text NOUN and CCONJ answer VERB the DET questions NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Read read VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 text det 3 text text NOUN Number=Sing 1 Read obj 4 and and CCONJ _ 5 answer cc 5 answer answer VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 1 Read conj 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 questions det 7 questions question NOUN Number=Plur 5 answer obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Read punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 read imperative you not said here the text vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent text=Topic 2 answer speech: assert infinitive you not said here the questions vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent question=Eventuality
Example 2 Underline the adjectives in the text.
det obj case det obl punct root Underline VERB the DET adjectives NOUN in ADP the DET text NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Underline underline VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 adjectives det 3 adjectives adjective NOUN Number=Plur 1 Underline obj 4 in in ADP _ 6 text case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 text det 6 text text NOUN Number=Sing 1 Underline obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 1 Underline punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 underline imperative you not said here the adjectives the text vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent adjective=Theme in text=Destination
Example 3 Mum sent me a text to say she was running late.
nsubj obj det obj mark advcl nsubj aux ccomp advmod punct root Mum NOUN sent VERB me PRON a DET text NOUN to PART say VERB she PRON was AUX running VERB late ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mum mum NOUN Number=Sing 2 sent nsubj 2 sent send VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 sent obj 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 text det 5 text text NOUN Number=Sing 2 sent obj 6 to to PART _ 7 say mark 7 say say VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 sent advcl 8 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 running nsubj 9 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 10 running aux 10 running run VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 7 say ccomp 11 late late ADV Degree=Pos 10 running advmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 sent punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 send past Mum a text me vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent i=Destination text=Theme 2 say speech: assert to-infinitive Mum not said here vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 run past · progressive Mum late property vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 4 Can you text me when you get home?
aux nsubj obj advmod nsubj advcl advmod punct root Can AUX you PRON text VERB me PRON when ADV you PRON get VERB home ADV ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 text aux 2 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 text nsubj 3 text text VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 text obj 5 when when ADV PronType=Int 7 get advmod 6 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 7 get nsubj 7 get get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 text advcl 8 home home ADV _ 7 get advmod 9 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 text punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 text can you me tree rules 2 get present you home property vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer
Example 5 The text on the screen was too small to read.
det nsubj case det nmod cop advmod mark advcl punct root The DET text NOUN on ADP the DET screen NOUN was AUX too ADV small ADJ to PART read VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 text det 2 text text NOUN Number=Sing 8 small nsubj 3 on on ADP _ 5 screen case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 screen det 5 screen screen NOUN Number=Sing 2 text nmod 6 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 small cop 7 too too ADV _ 8 small advmod 8 small small ADJ Degree=Pos root root 9 to to PART _ 10 read mark 10 read read VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 small advcl 11 . . PUNCT _ 8 small punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past the text on the screen small property tree rules 2 read to-infinitive the text on the screen not said here vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 6 Instructions are a non-fiction text type.
nsubj cop det compound compound punct root Instructions NOUN are AUX a DET non-fiction NOUN text NOUN type NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Instructions instruction NOUN Number=Plur 6 type nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 type cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 type det 4 non-fiction non-fiction NOUN Number=Sing 5 text compound 5 text text NOUN Number=Sing 6 type compound 6 type type NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 type punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Instructions a text type tree rules
Example 7 Find evidence in the text to support your answer.
obj case det nmod mark advcl nmod:poss obj punct root Find VERB evidence NOUN in ADP the DET text NOUN to PART support VERB your PRON answer NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Find find VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 evidence evidence NOUN Number=Sing 1 Find obj 3 in in ADP _ 5 text case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 text det 5 text text NOUN Number=Sing 2 evidence nmod 6 to to PART _ 7 support mark 7 support support VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Find advcl 8 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 answer nmod:poss 9 answer answer NOUN Number=Sing 7 support obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 1 Find punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 find imperative you not said here evidence the text vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent evidence=Topic 2 support to-infinitive you not said here your answer vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer answer=Stimulus 3 answer your nom answer «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 8 Never reply to texts from strangers.
advmod case obl case obl punct root Never ADV reply VERB to ADP texts NOUN from ADP strangers NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Never never ADV PronType=Neg 2 reply advmod 2 reply reply VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to ADP _ 4 texts case 4 texts text NOUN Number=Plur 2 reply obl 5 from from ADP _ 6 strangers case 6 strangers stranger NOUN Number=Plur 2 reply obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 reply punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not reply speech: assert imperative you not said here strangers to texts vn respond-113 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to text=Theme
Example 9 My sister texted her friend all evening.
nmod:poss nsubj nmod:poss obj det obl:unmarked punct root My PRON sister NOUN texted VERB her PRON friend NOUN all DET evening NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 sister nmod:poss 2 sister sister NOUN Number=Sing 3 texted nsubj 3 texted text VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 friend nmod:poss 5 friend friend NOUN Number=Sing 3 texted obj 6 all all DET PronType=Tot 7 evening det 7 evening evening NOUN Number=Sing 3 texted obl:unmarked 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 texted punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 text past My sister sister's friend evening tree rules
Example 10 There are a few Greek words in this text.
expl det amod amod nsubj case det nmod punct root There PRON are VERB a DET few ADJ Greek ADJ words NOUN in ADP this DET text NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 There there PRON PronType=Dem 2 are expl 2 are be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 words det 4 few few ADJ Degree=Pos 6 words amod 5 Greek Greek ADJ Degree=Pos 6 words amod 6 words word NOUN Number=Plur 2 are nsubj 7 in in ADP _ 9 text case 8 this this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 9 text det 9 text text NOUN Number=Sing 6 words nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 are punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 does present a few Greek words in this text there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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