threat Who acts: threat, they, you, something, sign, bully · What happens: be, hurt, do, not do, want, cause · To what, where: you, something, danger, sign, threat, teacher · Speech: someone speaks here
«threat» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: threat in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A threat is when someone says they will hurt you or do something bad if you do not do what they want.
The tree, 22 words det nsubj cop advmod nsubj nsubj aux ccomp obj cc conj obj amod mark nsubj aux advmod advcl obj nsubj ccomp punct root A DET threat NOUN is AUX when ADV someone PRON says VERB they PRON will AUX hurt VERB you PRON or CCONJ do VERB something PRON bad ADJ if SCONJ you PRON do AUX not PART do VERB what PRON they PRON want VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 threat det 2 threat threat NOUN Number=Sing 6 says nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 says cop 4 when when ADV PronType=Int 6 says advmod 5 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 6 says nsubj 6 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 hurt nsubj 8 will will AUX VerbForm=Fin 9 hurt aux 9 hurt hurt VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 says ccomp 10 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 9 hurt obj 11 or or CCONJ _ 12 do cc 12 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 hurt conj 13 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 12 do obj 14 bad bad ADJ Degree=Pos 13 something amod 15 if if SCONJ _ 19 do mark 16 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 19 do nsubj 17 do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 19 do aux 18 not not PART Polarity=Neg 19 do advmod 19 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 12 do advcl 20 what what PRON PronType=Int 22 want obj 21 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 22 want nsubj 22 want want VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 19 do ccomp 23 . . PUNCT _ 6 says punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 be speech: assert present a threat say property tree rules 2 hurt future they you vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer you=Patient 3 do infinitive they not said here something vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality 4 not do a condition, not said to happen present · do-support you tree rules 5 want present they vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot what=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 A threat is also something or someone that could cause danger or harm, like a storm or a disease.
The tree, 19 words det nsubj cop advmod cc conj nsubj aux acl:relcl obj cc conj punct case det parataxis cc det conj punct root A DET threat NOUN is AUX also ADV something PRON or CCONJ someone PRON that PRON could AUX cause VERB danger NOUN or CCONJ harm NOUN , PUNCT like ADP a DET storm NOUN or CCONJ a DET disease NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 threat det 2 threat threat NOUN Number=Sing 5 something nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 something cop 4 also also ADV _ 5 something advmod 5 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind root root 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 someone cc 7 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 5 something conj 8 that that PRON PronType=Rel 10 cause nsubj 9 could could AUX VerbForm=Fin 10 cause aux 10 cause cause VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 someone acl:relcl 11 danger danger NOUN Number=Sing 10 cause obj 12 or or CCONJ _ 13 harm cc 13 harm harm NOUN Number=Sing 11 danger conj 14 , , PUNCT _ 17 storm punct 15 like like ADP _ 17 storm case 16 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 storm det 17 storm storm NOUN Number=Sing 5 something parataxis 18 or or CCONJ _ 20 disease cc 19 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 20 disease det 20 disease disease NOUN Number=Sing 17 storm conj 21 . . PUNCT _ 5 something punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a threat something tree rules 2 cause could danger or harm vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition danger=Patient
Meaning 3 A sign that something bad may happen is a threat of it, like «a threat of rain».
The tree, 17 words det nsubj mark nsubj amod aux acl cop det case nmod punct case punct det conj case nmod punct punct root A DET sign NOUN that SCONJ something PRON bad ADJ may AUX happen VERB is AUX a DET threat NOUN of ADP it PRON , PUNCT like ADP « PUNCT a DET threat NOUN of ADP rain NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 sign det 2 sign sign NOUN Number=Sing 10 threat nsubj 3 that that SCONJ _ 7 happen mark 4 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 7 happen nsubj 5 bad bad ADJ Degree=Pos 4 something amod 6 may may AUX VerbForm=Fin 7 happen aux 7 happen happen VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 sign acl 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 threat cop 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 threat det 10 threat threat NOUN Number=Sing root root 11 of of ADP _ 12 it case 12 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 threat nmod 13 , , PUNCT _ 17 threat punct 14 like like ADP _ 17 threat case 15 « « PUNCT _ 17 threat punct 16 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 threat det 17 threat threat NOUN Number=Sing 10 threat conj 18 of of ADP _ 19 rain case 19 rain rain NOUN Number=Sing 17 threat nmod 20 » » PUNCT _ 17 threat punct 21 . . PUNCT _ 10 threat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 happen may something a sign not said here tree rules 2 is a present a sign a threat and a threat of rain of it tree rules
Example 1 The bully made a threat, so I told my teacher.
det nsubj det obj punct advmod nsubj conj nmod:poss iobj punct root The DET bully NOUN made VERB a DET threat NOUN , PUNCT so ADV I PRON told VERB my PRON teacher NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 bully det 2 bully bully NOUN Number=Sing 3 made nsubj 3 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 threat det 5 threat threat NOUN Number=Sing 3 made obj 6 , , PUNCT _ 9 told punct 7 so so ADV _ 9 told advmod 8 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 9 told nsubj 9 told tell VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 made conj 10 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 11 teacher nmod:poss 11 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 9 told iobj 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past the bully a threat vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset threat=Product 2 tell speech: assert past I my teacher vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent teacher=Recipient
Example 2 Pollution is a threat to sea animals.
nsubj cop det case compound nmod punct root Pollution NOUN is AUX a DET threat NOUN to ADP sea NOUN animals NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Pollution pollution NOUN Number=Sing 4 threat nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 threat cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 threat det 4 threat threat NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 to to ADP _ 7 animals case 6 sea sea NOUN Number=Sing 7 animals compound 7 animals animal NOUN Number=Plur 4 threat nmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 threat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Pollution a threat to sea animals tree rules
Example 3 There is a threat of thunderstorms tonight.
expl det nsubj case nmod obl:unmarked punct root There PRON is VERB a DET threat NOUN of ADP thunderstorms NOUN tonight NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 There there PRON PronType=Dem 2 is expl 2 is be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 threat det 4 threat threat NOUN Number=Sing 2 is nsubj 5 of of ADP _ 6 thunderstorms case 6 thunderstorms thunderstorm NOUN Number=Plur 4 threat nmod 7 tonight tonight NOUN Number=Sing 4 threat obl:unmarked 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 is punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 be present a threat of thunderstorms there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 4 Pandas were under threat, but their numbers are growing.
nsubj cop case punct cc nmod:poss nsubj aux parataxis punct root Pandas NOUN were AUX under ADP threat NOUN , PUNCT but CCONJ their PRON numbers NOUN are AUX growing VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Pandas panda NOUN Number=Plur 4 threat nsubj 2 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 threat cop 3 under under ADP _ 4 threat case 4 threat threat NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 , , PUNCT _ 10 growing punct 6 but but CCONJ _ 10 growing cc 7 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 numbers nmod:poss 8 numbers number NOUN Number=Plur 10 growing nsubj 9 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 growing aux 10 growing grow VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 4 threat parataxis 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 threat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past Pandas threat tree rules 2 grow present · progressive Pandas's numbers vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 5 Don't give in to threats; get help.
aux advmod compound:prt case obl punct parataxis obj punct root Do AUX n't PART give VERB in ADP to ADP threats NOUN ; PUNCT get VERB help NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Do do AUX Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 give aux 2 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 3 give advmod 3 give give VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 4 in in ADP _ 3 give compound:prt 5 to to ADP _ 6 threats case 6 threats threat NOUN Number=Plur 3 give obl 7 ; ; PUNCT _ 8 get punct 8 get get VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 give parataxis 9 help help NOUN Number=Sing 8 get obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 give punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not give in imperative · do-support you not said here to threats vn acquiesce-95.1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to threat=Theme 2 get infinitive help vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer help=Stimulus
Example 6 His warning was just an empty threat.
nmod:poss nsubj cop advmod det amod punct root His PRON warning NOUN was AUX just ADV an DET empty ADJ threat NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 His his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 warning nmod:poss 2 warning warning NOUN Number=Sing 7 threat nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 threat cop 4 just just ADV _ 7 threat advmod 5 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 threat det 6 empty empty ADJ Degree=Pos 7 threat amod 7 threat threat NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 . . PUNCT _ 7 threat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a past His warning a empty threat tree rules 2 warn His = he nom warning «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 7 Wildfires are a threat in hot, dry summers.
nsubj cop det case amod punct amod nmod punct root Wildfires NOUN are AUX a DET threat NOUN in ADP hot ADJ , PUNCT dry ADJ summers NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Wildfires wildfire NOUN Number=Plur 4 threat nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 threat cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 threat det 4 threat threat NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 in in ADP _ 9 summers case 6 hot hot ADJ Degree=Pos 9 summers amod 7 , , PUNCT _ 6 hot punct 8 dry dry ADJ Degree=Pos 9 summers amod 9 summers summer NOUN Number=Plur 4 threat nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 threat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Wildfires a threat summer tree rules
Example 8 The old Fairy fancied she was slighted, and muttered some threat between her teeth.
The tree, 14 words det amod nsubj nsubj:pass aux:pass ccomp punct cc conj det obj case nmod:poss nmod punct root The DET old ADJ Fairy PROPN fancied VERB she PRON was AUX slighted VERB , PUNCT and CCONJ muttered VERB some DET threat NOUN between ADP her PRON teeth NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 Fairy det 2 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 3 Fairy amod 3 Fairy Fairy PROPN Number=Sing 4 fancied nsubj 4 fancied fancy VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 slighted nsubj:pass 6 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 slighted aux:pass 7 slighted slight VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 fancied ccomp 8 , , PUNCT _ 10 muttered punct 9 and and CCONJ _ 10 muttered cc 10 muttered mutter VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 fancied conj 11 some some DET PronType=Ind 12 threat det 12 threat threat NOUN Number=Sing 10 muttered obj 13 between between ADP _ 15 teeth case 14 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 15 teeth nmod:poss 15 teeth tooth NOUN Number=Plur 12 threat nmod 16 . . PUNCT _ 4 fancied punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 fancy past the old Fairy vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus 2 slight past · passive Fairy tree rules 3 mutter speech: assert past the old Fairy not said here some threat between Fairy's teeth vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent threat=Topic
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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