threaten Who acts: you, they, storm, something, rain, someone · What happens: threaten, be, hurt, do, not do, want · To what, where: someone, something, danger, town, bully, lunch · Speech: someone speaks here
«threaten» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: threaten in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To threaten is to say you will hurt someone or do something bad if they do not do what you want.
The tree, 21 words mark csubj cop mark nsubj aux ccomp obj cc conj obj amod mark nsubj aux advmod advcl obj nsubj ccomp punct root To PART threaten VERB is AUX to PART say VERB you PRON will AUX hurt VERB someone PRON or CCONJ do VERB something PRON bad ADJ if SCONJ they PRON do AUX not PART do VERB what PRON you PRON want VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 threaten mark 2 threaten threaten VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 say csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 say cop 4 to to PART _ 5 say mark 5 say say VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 8 hurt nsubj 7 will will AUX VerbForm=Fin 8 hurt aux 8 hurt hurt VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 say ccomp 9 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 8 hurt obj 10 or or CCONJ _ 11 do cc 11 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 hurt conj 12 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 11 do obj 13 bad bad ADJ Degree=Pos 12 something amod 14 if if SCONJ _ 18 do mark 15 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 18 do nsubj 16 do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 18 do aux 17 not not PART Polarity=Neg 18 do advmod 18 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 11 do advcl 19 what what PRON PronType=Int 21 want obj 20 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 21 want nsubj 21 want want VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 18 do ccomp 22 . . PUNCT _ 5 say punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 threaten to-infinitive vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer 2 be speech: assert present say property tree rules 3 hurt future you someone vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer someone=Patient 4 do infinitive you not said here something vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality 5 not do a condition, not said to happen present · do-support they tree rules 6 want present you vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot what=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To threaten is to be a danger to something, like a storm threatening a town.
The tree, 15 words mark advcl cop mark cop det case nmod punct case det appos acl det obj punct root To PART threaten VERB is AUX to PART be AUX a DET danger NOUN to ADP something PRON , PUNCT like ADP a DET storm NOUN threatening VERB a DET town NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 threaten mark 2 threaten threaten VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 danger advcl 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 danger cop 4 to to PART _ 7 danger mark 5 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 7 danger cop 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 danger det 7 danger danger NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 to to ADP _ 9 something case 9 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 7 danger nmod 10 , , PUNCT _ 13 storm punct 11 like like ADP _ 13 storm case 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 storm det 13 storm storm NOUN Number=Sing 9 something appos 14 threatening threaten VERB VerbForm=Ger 13 storm acl 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 town det 16 town town NOUN Number=Sing 14 threatening obj 17 . . PUNCT _ 7 danger punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 threaten to-infinitive vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer 2 is a present a danger to something tree rules 3 threaten gerund a storm not said here a town vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus town=Experiencer
Meaning 3 To threaten can mean something bad seems likely to happen, like rain threatening.
The tree, 13 words mark csubj aux nsubj amod ccomp xcomp mark xcomp punct mark nsubj conj punct root To PART threaten VERB can AUX mean VERB something PRON bad ADJ seems VERB likely ADJ to PART happen VERB , PUNCT like SCONJ rain NOUN threatening VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 threaten mark 2 threaten threaten VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 mean csubj 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 mean aux 4 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 7 seems nsubj 6 bad bad ADJ Degree=Pos 5 something amod 7 seems seem VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 mean ccomp 8 likely likely ADJ Degree=Pos 7 seems xcomp 9 to to PART _ 10 happen mark 10 happen happen VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 likely xcomp 11 , , PUNCT _ 14 threatening punct 12 like like SCONJ _ 14 threatening mark 13 rain rain NOUN Number=Sing 14 threatening nsubj 14 threatening threaten VERB VerbForm=Ger 10 happen conj 15 . . PUNCT _ 4 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 threaten to-infinitive vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer 2 mean can vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 seem present something likely property vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme 4 happen to-infinitive something not said here vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 5 threaten gerund rain vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
Example 1 The bully threatened to take my lunch.
det acl mark xcomp nmod:poss obj punct root The DET bully NOUN threatened VERB to PART take VERB my PRON lunch NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 bully det 2 bully bully NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 threatened threaten VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 bully acl 4 to to PART _ 5 take mark 5 take take VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 threatened xcomp 6 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 lunch nmod:poss 7 lunch lunch NOUN Number=Sing 5 take obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 bully punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 threaten participle the bully not said here tree rules 2 take not said to happen to-infinitive my lunch vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lunch=Theme
Example 2 If someone threatens you, tell a teacher.
mark nsubj advcl obj punct det obj punct root If SCONJ someone PRON threatens VERB you PRON , PUNCT tell VERB a DET teacher NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 If if SCONJ _ 3 threatens mark 2 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 3 threatens nsubj 3 threatens threaten VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 tell advcl 4 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 threatens obj 5 , , PUNCT _ 3 threatens punct 6 tell tell VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 teacher det 8 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 6 tell obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 6 tell punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 threaten a condition, not said to happen present someone you vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus you=Experiencer 2 tell speech: assert imperative you not said here a teacher vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent teacher=Recipient
Example 3 Pollution threatens the coral reef.
nsubj det compound obj punct root Pollution NOUN threatens VERB the DET coral NOUN reef NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Pollution pollution NOUN Number=Sing 2 threatens nsubj 2 threatens threaten VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 reef det 4 coral coral NOUN _ 5 reef compound 5 reef reef NOUN Number=Sing 2 threatens obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 threatens punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 threaten present Pollution the coral reef vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus reef=Experiencer
Example 4 Dark clouds threatened rain.
amod amod conj punct root Dark ADJ clouds NOUN threatened VERB rain NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Dark dark ADJ Degree=Pos 2 clouds amod 2 clouds cloud NOUN Number=Plur root root 3 threatened threaten VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 rain amod 4 rain rain NOUN Number=Sing 2 clouds conj 5 . . PUNCT _ 2 clouds punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 threaten participle vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
Example 5 The fire threatened the houses near the forest.
det nsubj det obj case det obl punct root The DET fire NOUN threatened VERB the DET houses NOUN near ADP the DET forest NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 fire det 2 fire fire NOUN Number=Sing 3 threatened nsubj 3 threatened threaten VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 houses det 5 houses house NOUN Number=Plur 3 threatened obj 6 near near ADP _ 8 forest case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 forest det 8 forest forest NOUN Number=Sing 3 threatened obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 threatened punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 threaten past the fire the houses the forest vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus house=Experiencer
Example 6 The dragon threatened to burn the village.
det acl mark xcomp det obj punct root The DET dragon NOUN threatened VERB to PART burn VERB the DET village NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 dragon det 2 dragon dragon NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 threatened threaten VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 dragon acl 4 to to PART _ 5 burn mark 5 burn burn VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 threatened xcomp 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 village det 7 village village NOUN Number=Sing 5 burn obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 dragon punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 threaten participle the dragon not said here tree rules 2 burn not said to happen to-infinitive the village vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent village=Theme
Example 7 Never threaten other people online.
advmod amod obj advmod punct root Never ADV threaten VERB other ADJ people NOUN online ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Never never ADV PronType=Neg 2 threaten advmod 2 threaten threaten VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 other other ADJ Degree=Pos 4 people amod 4 people people NOUN Number=Plur 2 threaten obj 5 online online ADV _ 2 threaten advmod 6 . . PUNCT _ 2 threaten punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not threaten imperative you not said here other people online property vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus people=Experiencer
Example 8 Rising sea levels threaten small islands.
amod compound nsubj amod obj punct root Rising VERB sea NOUN levels NOUN threaten VERB small ADJ islands NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Rising rise VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 levels amod 2 sea sea NOUN Number=Sing 3 levels compound 3 levels level NOUN Number=Plur 4 threaten nsubj 4 threaten threaten VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 6 islands amod 6 islands island NOUN Number=Plur 4 threaten obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 threaten punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 rise gerund vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 threaten present Rising sea levels small islands vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus island=Experiencer
Example 9 Bluff and threatening words are of little value with rascals.
nsubj cc amod conj cop case amod case nmod punct root Bluff NOUN and CCONJ threatening VERB words NOUN are AUX of ADP little ADJ value NOUN with ADP rascals NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Bluff bluff NOUN Number=Sing 8 value nsubj 2 and and CCONJ _ 4 words cc 3 threatening threaten VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 words amod 4 words word NOUN Number=Plur 1 Bluff conj 5 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 value cop 6 of of ADP _ 8 value case 7 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 8 value amod 8 value value NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 with with ADP _ 10 rascals case 10 rascals rascal NOUN Number=Plur 8 value nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 8 value punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 threaten gerund vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer 2 is present Bluff and threatening words of little value; with rascals tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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