thrown Who acts: form, question, She, Plastic, bike · What happens: throw, send, throw away, mean, put, make · To what, where: form, Something, air, bin, me, someone · Speech: someone speaks here
«thrown» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: thrown in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Thrown is a form of «throw». Something thrown has been sent through the air from the hand.
Sentence 1: Thrown is a form of «throw».
aux:pass det obj mark punct acl punct punct root Thrown VERB is AUX a DET form NOUN of SCONJ « PUNCT throw VERB » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Thrown throw VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Thrown aux:pass 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 form det 4 form form NOUN Number=Sing 1 Thrown obj 5 of of SCONJ _ 7 throw mark 6 « « PUNCT _ 7 throw punct 7 throw throw VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 form acl 8 » » PUNCT _ 7 throw punct 9 . . PUNCT _ 1 Thrown punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 throw present · passive a form vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: form=Theme 2 throw in a quote infinitive a form not said here vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Something thrown has been sent through the air from the hand.
nsubj:pass acl aux aux:pass case det obl case det obl punct root Something PRON thrown VERB has AUX been AUX sent VERB through ADP the DET air NOUN from ADP the DET hand NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 5 sent nsubj:pass 2 thrown throw VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 1 Something acl 3 has have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 sent aux 4 been be AUX Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 5 sent aux:pass 5 sent send VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 through through ADP _ 8 air case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 air det 8 air air NOUN Number=Sing 5 sent obl 9 from from ADP _ 11 hand case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 hand det 11 hand hand NOUN Number=Sing 5 sent obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 sent punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 throw participle vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer 2 send present · perfect · passive Something the air from the hand vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: subject=Theme from hand=Initial_Location
Meaning 2 Thrown away means put in the bin as rubbish.
nsubj advmod xcomp case det obl case obl punct root Thrown VERB away ADV means VERB put VERB in ADP the DET bin NOUN as ADP rubbish NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Thrown throw VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 means nsubj 2 away away ADV _ 1 Thrown advmod 3 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 put put VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 means xcomp 5 in in ADP _ 7 bin case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 bin det 7 bin bin NOUN Number=Sing 4 put obl 8 as as ADP _ 9 rubbish case 9 rubbish rubbish NOUN Number=Sing 4 put obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 throw away participle away property vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 put not said to happen participle the bin as rubbish vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in bin=Destination
Meaning 3 Thrown can mean confused or surprised: «the question threw me».
nsubj aux xcomp cc conj punct punct det nsubj parataxis obj punct punct root Thrown VERB can AUX mean VERB confused ADJ or CCONJ surprised ADJ : PUNCT « PUNCT the DET question NOUN threw VERB me PRON » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Thrown throw VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 mean nsubj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 mean aux 3 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 confused confused ADJ Degree=Pos 3 mean xcomp 5 or or CCONJ _ 6 surprised cc 6 surprised surprised ADJ Degree=Pos 4 confused conj 7 : : PUNCT _ 11 threw punct 8 « « PUNCT _ 11 threw punct 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 question det 10 question question NOUN Number=Sing 11 threw nsubj 11 threw throw VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 mean parataxis 12 me I PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 11 threw obj 13 » » PUNCT _ 11 threw punct 14 . . PUNCT _ 3 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 throw participle vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer 2 mean can confused property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 throw in a quote past the question me vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Theme
Meaning 4 Thrown from a horse or bike means made to fall off.
nsubj case det obl cc conj ccomp mark xcomp compound:prt punct root Thrown VERB from ADP a DET horse NOUN or CCONJ bike NOUN means VERB made VERB to PART fall VERB off ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Thrown throw VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 means nsubj 2 from from ADP _ 4 horse case 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 horse det 4 horse horse NOUN Number=Sing 1 Thrown obl 5 or or CCONJ _ 6 bike cc 6 bike bike NOUN Number=Sing 4 horse conj 7 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 8 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 means ccomp 9 to to PART _ 10 fall mark 10 fall fall VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 made xcomp 11 off off ADP _ 10 fall compound:prt 12 . . PUNCT _ 7 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 throw participle from a horse or bike vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent from horse=Initial_Location 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 make participle tree rules 4 fall off to-infinitive vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
Meaning 5 Thrown away can also mean wasted, given to someone who does not value it.
The tree, 14 words advcl advmod aux advmod aux:pass punct conj case obl nsubj aux advmod acl:relcl obj punct root Thrown VERB away ADV can AUX also ADV mean VERB wasted VERB , PUNCT given VERB to ADP someone PRON who PRON does AUX not PART value VERB it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Thrown throw VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 wasted advcl 2 away away ADV _ 1 Thrown advmod 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 6 wasted aux 4 also also ADV _ 6 wasted advmod 5 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 wasted aux:pass 6 wasted waste VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 7 , , PUNCT _ 8 given punct 8 given give VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 wasted conj 9 to to ADP _ 10 someone case 10 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 8 given obl 11 who who PRON PronType=Rel 14 value nsubj 12 does do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 value aux 13 not not PART Polarity=Neg 14 value advmod 14 value value VERB VerbForm=Inf 10 someone acl:relcl 15 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 14 value obj 16 . . PUNCT _ 6 wasted punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 throw away participle away property vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer 2 waste can · passive vn destroy-44 «NP V NP» 3 give participle someone vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to someone=Recipient 4 not value present · do-support it vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus
Example 1 The ball was thrown 20 metres.
det nsubj:pass aux:pass nummod obl:unmarked punct root The DET ball NOUN was AUX thrown VERB 20 NUM metres NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 ball det 2 ball ball NOUN Number=Sing 4 thrown nsubj:pass 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 thrown aux:pass 4 thrown throw VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 20 20 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 metres nummod 6 metres metre NOUN Number=Plur 4 thrown obl:unmarked 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 thrown punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 throw past · passive the ball 20 metres obl:unmarked vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
Example 2 6 of the 15 bananas were thrown away.
nsubj:pass case det nummod obl aux:pass advmod punct root 6 NUM of ADP the DET 15 NUM bananas NOUN were AUX thrown VERB away ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 6 6 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 7 thrown nsubj:pass 2 of of ADP _ 5 bananas case 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 bananas det 4 15 15 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 bananas nummod 5 bananas banana NOUN Number=Plur 7 thrown obl 6 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 thrown aux:pass 7 thrown throw VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 8 away away ADV _ 7 thrown advmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 7 thrown punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 throw away past · passive 6 of the 15 bananas; away property vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: subject=Theme of banana=Initial_Location
Example 3 How many balls have been thrown into the basket?
advmod amod nsubj:pass aux aux:pass case det obl punct root How ADV many ADJ balls NOUN have AUX been AUX thrown VERB into ADP the DET basket NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 How how ADV PronType=Int 2 many advmod 2 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 3 balls amod 3 balls ball NOUN Number=Plur 6 thrown nsubj:pass 4 have have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 thrown aux 5 been be AUX Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 6 thrown aux:pass 6 thrown throw VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 7 into into ADP _ 9 basket case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 basket det 9 basket basket NOUN Number=Sing 6 thrown obl 10 ? ? PUNCT _ 6 thrown punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 throw present · perfect · passive many balls into the basket result vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.result»: subject=Theme into basket=Result
Example 4 She has thrown 3 darts.
nsubj aux nummod obj punct root She PRON has AUX thrown VERB 3 NUM darts NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 thrown nsubj 2 has have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 thrown aux 3 thrown throw VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part root root 4 3 3 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 darts nummod 5 darts dart NOUN Number=Plur 3 thrown obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 thrown punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 throw present · perfect She 3 darts vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dart=Theme
Example 5 Plastic thrown into the sea can hurt animals.
nsubj acl case det obl aux obj punct root Plastic NOUN thrown VERB into ADP the DET sea NOUN can AUX hurt VERB animals NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Plastic plastic NOUN Number=Sing 7 hurt nsubj 2 thrown throw VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 1 Plastic acl 3 into into ADP _ 5 sea case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 sea det 5 sea sea NOUN Number=Sing 2 thrown obl 6 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 7 hurt aux 7 hurt hurt VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 8 animals animal NOUN Number=Plur 7 hurt obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 7 hurt punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 throw participle Plastic not said here into the sea result vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Causer into sea=Result 2 hurt can Plastic animals vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer animal=Patient
Example 6 He was thrown off his bike when it hit a stone.
nsubj aux:pass compound:prt nmod:poss obj advmod nsubj advcl det obj punct root He PRON was AUX thrown VERB off ADP his PRON bike NOUN when ADV it PRON hit VERB a DET stone NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 thrown nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 thrown aux:pass 3 thrown throw VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 off off ADP _ 3 thrown compound:prt 5 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 bike nmod:poss 6 bike bike NOUN Number=Sing 3 thrown obj 7 when when ADV PronType=Int 9 hit advmod 8 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 hit nsubj 9 hit hit VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 thrown advcl 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 stone det 11 stone stone NOUN Number=Sing 9 hit obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 thrown punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 throw off past · passive He vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: subject=Destination bike=Theme 2 hit past bike a stone vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme stone=Co-Theme
Example 7 A free pen was thrown in with the notebook.
det amod nsubj:pass aux:pass advmod case det obl punct root A DET free ADJ pen NOUN was AUX thrown VERB in ADV with ADP the DET notebook NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 pen det 2 free free ADJ Degree=Pos 3 pen amod 3 pen pen NOUN Number=Sing 5 thrown nsubj:pass 4 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 thrown aux:pass 5 thrown throw VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 in in ADV _ 5 thrown advmod 7 with with ADP _ 9 notebook case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 notebook det 9 notebook notebook NOUN Number=Sing 5 thrown obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 thrown punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 throw past · passive a free pen with the notebook vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
Example 8 The ball must be thrown in from the side line.
det nsubj:pass aux aux:pass advmod case det compound obl punct root The DET ball NOUN must AUX be AUX thrown VERB in ADV from ADP the DET side NOUN line NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 ball det 2 ball ball NOUN Number=Sing 5 thrown nsubj:pass 3 must must AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 thrown aux 4 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 5 thrown aux:pass 5 thrown throw VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 in in ADV _ 5 thrown advmod 7 from from ADP _ 10 line case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 line det 9 side side NOUN Number=Sing 10 line compound 10 line line NOUN Number=Sing 5 thrown obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 thrown punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 throw must · passive the ball the side line vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: subject=Theme from line=Initial_Location
Example 9 Kindness is thrown away upon the evil.
nsubj:pass aux:pass advmod case det obl punct root Kindness NOUN is AUX thrown VERB away ADV upon ADP the DET evil NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Kindness kindness NOUN Number=Sing 3 thrown nsubj:pass 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 thrown aux:pass 3 thrown throw VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 away away ADV _ 3 thrown advmod 5 upon upon ADP _ 7 evil case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 evil det 7 evil evil NOUN Number=Sing 3 thrown obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 thrown punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 throw away present · passive Kindness the evil away property vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: subject=Theme upon evil=Destination
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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