toadstool Who acts: toadstool, kinds, Calling, rude insult, red toadstool, you · What happens: be, use, not eat, fly, call, grow · To what, where: fungus, word, agaric, someone, rude insult, them · Speech: someone speaks here
«toadstool» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: toadstool in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A toadstool is a fungus with a round cap on a stalk, like a mushroom; the word is often used for kinds that are poisonous or not eaten, like the red one with white spots (fly agaric).
The tree, 37 words det nsubj cop det case det amod nmod case det nmod punct case det conj punct det nsubj:pass aux:pass advmod parataxis case obl nsubj cop acl:relcl cc advmod conj punct case det amod parataxis case amod nmod punct ccomp obj punct punct root A DET toadstool NOUN is AUX a DET fungus NOUN with ADP a DET round ADJ cap NOUN on ADP a DET stalk NOUN , PUNCT like ADP a DET mushroom NOUN ; PUNCT the DET word NOUN is AUX often ADV used VERB for ADP kinds NOUN that PRON are AUX poisonous ADJ or CCONJ not PART eaten VERB , PUNCT like ADP the DET red ADJ one NOUN with ADP white ADJ spots NOUN ( PUNCT fly VERB agaric NOUN ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 toadstool det 2 toadstool toadstool NOUN Number=Sing 5 fungus nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 fungus cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 fungus det 5 fungus fungus NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 with with ADP _ 9 cap case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 cap det 8 round round ADJ Degree=Pos 9 cap amod 9 cap cap NOUN Number=Sing 5 fungus nmod 10 on on ADP _ 12 stalk case 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 stalk det 12 stalk stalk NOUN Number=Sing 9 cap nmod 13 , , PUNCT _ 16 mushroom punct 14 like like ADP _ 16 mushroom case 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 mushroom det 16 mushroom mushroom NOUN Number=Sing 12 stalk conj 17 ; ; PUNCT _ 22 used punct 18 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 19 word det 19 word word NOUN Number=Sing 22 used nsubj:pass 20 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 22 used aux:pass 21 often often ADV _ 22 used advmod 22 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 fungus parataxis 23 for for ADP _ 24 kinds case 24 kinds kind NOUN Number=Plur 22 used obl 25 that that PRON PronType=Rel 27 poisonous nsubj 26 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 27 poisonous cop 27 poisonous poisonous ADJ Degree=Pos 24 kinds acl:relcl 28 or or CCONJ _ 30 eaten cc 29 not not PART Polarity=Neg 30 eaten advmod 30 eaten eat VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 27 poisonous conj 31 , , PUNCT _ 35 one punct 32 like like ADP _ 35 one case 33 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 35 one det 34 red red ADJ Degree=Pos 35 one amod 35 one one NOUN Number=Sing 22 used parataxis 36 with with ADP _ 38 spots case 37 white white ADJ Degree=Pos 38 spots amod 38 spots spot NOUN Number=Plur 35 one nmod 39 ( ( PUNCT _ 40 fly punct 40 fly fly VERB VerbForm=Inf 38 spots ccomp 41 agaric agaric NOUN Number=Sing 40 fly obj 42 ) ) PUNCT _ 40 fly punct 43 . . PUNCT _ 5 fungus punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a toadstool a fungus with a round cap on a stalk and a mushroom tree rules 2 use present · passive the word for kinds; often property vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: subject=Theme for kind=Eventuality 3 is present kinds poisonous property tree rules 4 not eat participle kinds not said here vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 5 fly infinitive agaric vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location agaric=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Calling someone a toadstool is a rude insult, like calling them a useless person.
The tree, 14 words csubj obj det obj cop det amod punct mark acl obj det amod obj punct root Calling VERB someone PRON a DET toadstool NOUN is AUX a DET rude ADJ insult NOUN , PUNCT like SCONJ calling VERB them PRON a DET useless ADJ person NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Calling call VERB VerbForm=Ger 8 insult csubj 2 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 1 Calling obj 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 toadstool det 4 toadstool toadstool NOUN Number=Sing 1 Calling obj 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 insult cop 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 insult det 7 rude rude ADJ Degree=Pos 8 insult amod 8 insult insult NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 , , PUNCT _ 11 calling punct 10 like like SCONJ _ 11 calling mark 11 calling call VERB VerbForm=Ger 8 insult acl 12 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 calling obj 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 person det 14 useless useless ADJ Degree=Pos 15 person amod 15 person person NOUN Number=Sing 11 calling obj 16 . . PUNCT _ 8 insult punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 call gerund someone vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent someone=Theme toadstool=Result 2 is a present Calling a rude insult tree rules 3 call gerund a rude insult not said here them = they vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme person=Result
Example 1 A red toadstool with white spots grew under the birch tree.
det amod nsubj case amod nmod case det compound obl punct root A DET red ADJ toadstool NOUN with ADP white ADJ spots NOUN grew VERB under ADP the DET birch NOUN tree NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 toadstool det 2 red red ADJ Degree=Pos 3 toadstool amod 3 toadstool toadstool NOUN Number=Sing 7 grew nsubj 4 with with ADP _ 6 spots case 5 white white ADJ Degree=Pos 6 spots amod 6 spots spot NOUN Number=Plur 3 toadstool nmod 7 grew grow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 8 under under ADP _ 11 tree case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 tree det 10 birch birch NOUN Number=Sing 11 tree compound 11 tree tree NOUN Number=Sing 7 grew obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 7 grew punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grow past a red toadstool with white spots the birch tree vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme under tree=Location
Example 2 Never eat a toadstool you find in the woods.
advmod det obj nsubj acl:relcl case det obl punct root Never ADV eat VERB a DET toadstool NOUN you PRON find VERB in ADP the DET woods NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Never never ADV PronType=Neg 2 eat advmod 2 eat eat VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 toadstool det 4 toadstool toadstool NOUN Number=Sing 2 eat obj 5 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 6 find nsubj 6 find find VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 toadstool acl:relcl 7 in in ADP _ 9 woods case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 woods det 9 woods wood NOUN Number=Plur 6 find obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 eat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not eat imperative you not said here a toadstool vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent toadstool=Patient 2 find present you a toadstool not said here the woods vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent toadstool=Topic
Example 3 In the story, a fairy lived under a toadstool.
case det obl punct det nsubj case det obl punct root In ADP the DET story NOUN , PUNCT a DET fairy NOUN lived VERB under ADP a DET toadstool NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 story case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 story det 3 story story NOUN Number=Sing 7 lived obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 story punct 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 fairy det 6 fairy fairy NOUN Number=Sing 7 lived nsubj 7 lived live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 8 under under ADP _ 10 toadstool case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 toadstool det 10 toadstool toadstool NOUN Number=Sing 7 lived obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 7 lived punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 live past a fairy the story under a toadstool vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in story=Location
Example 4 Toadstools pop up after autumn rain.
nsubj compound:prt case compound obl punct root Toadstools NOUN pop VERB up ADP after ADP autumn NOUN rain NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Toadstools toadstool NOUN Number=Plur 2 pop nsubj 2 pop pop VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 up up ADP _ 2 pop compound:prt 4 after after ADP _ 6 rain case 5 autumn autumn NOUN Number=Sing 6 rain compound 6 rain rain NOUN Number=Sing 2 pop obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 pop punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 pop up present Toadstools after autumn rain vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 5 We drew toadstools on our nature walk but didn't touch them.
nsubj obj case nmod:poss obl parataxis cc aux advmod conj obj punct root We PRON drew VERB toadstools NOUN on ADP our PRON nature NOUN walk VERB but CCONJ did AUX n't PART touch VERB them PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 drew nsubj 2 drew draw VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 toadstools toadstool NOUN Number=Plur 2 drew obj 4 on on ADP _ 6 nature case 5 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 nature nmod:poss 6 nature nature NOUN Number=Sing 2 drew obl 7 walk walk VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 2 drew parataxis 8 but but CCONJ _ 11 touch cc 9 did do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 11 touch aux 10 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 11 touch advmod 11 touch touch VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 7 walk conj 12 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 touch obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 2 drew punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 draw past We toadstools our nature vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent toadstool=Theme on nature=Destination 2 walk infinitive vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 not touch past · do-support toadstools = toadstool vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme they=Co-Theme
Example 6 Fungi like toadstools help break down dead leaves.
nsubj case nmod xcomp compound:prt amod obj punct root Fungi NOUN like ADP toadstools NOUN help VERB break VERB down ADP dead ADJ leaves NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Fungi fungus NOUN Number=Plur 4 help nsubj 2 like like ADP _ 3 toadstools case 3 toadstools toadstool NOUN Number=Plur 1 Fungi nmod 4 help help VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 break break VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 help xcomp 6 down down ADP _ 5 break compound:prt 7 dead dead ADJ Degree=Pos 8 leaves amod 8 leaves leaf NOUN Number=Plur 5 break obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 help punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 help present Fungi like toadstools vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme 2 break down infinitive Fungi like toadstools not said here dead leaves vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Patient
Example 7 When the dwarf saw that he screamed out: ‘Is that civil, you toadstool, to disfigure a man’s face?
The tree, 19 words advmod det nsubj mark nsubj ccomp compound:prt punct punct cop mark conj punct nsubj obl punct mark conj det nmod:poss case obj punct root When ADV the DET dwarf ADJ saw VERB that SCONJ he PRON screamed VERB out ADP : PUNCT ‘ PUNCT Is AUX that SCONJ civil ADJ , PUNCT you PRON toadstool NOUN , PUNCT to PART disfigure VERB a DET man NOUN ’s PART face NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 When when ADV PronType=Int 4 saw advmod 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 dwarf det 3 dwarf dwarf ADJ Degree=Pos 4 saw nsubj 4 saw see VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 that that SCONJ _ 7 screamed mark 6 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 screamed nsubj 7 screamed scream VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 saw ccomp 8 out out ADP _ 7 screamed compound:prt 9 : : PUNCT _ 13 civil punct 10 ‘ ' PUNCT _ 13 civil punct 11 Is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 civil cop 12 that that SCONJ _ 13 civil mark 13 civil civil ADJ Degree=Pos 4 saw conj 14 , , PUNCT _ 16 toadstool punct 15 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 16 toadstool nsubj 16 toadstool toadstool NOUN Number=Sing 13 civil obl 17 , , PUNCT _ 19 disfigure punct 18 to to PART _ 19 disfigure mark 19 disfigure disfigure VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 saw conj 20 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 21 man det 21 man man NOUN Number=Sing 23 face nmod:poss 22 ’s 's PART _ 21 man case 23 face face NOUN Number=Sing 19 disfigure obj 24 ? ? PUNCT _ 4 saw punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 see past the dwarf vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus 2 scream out speech: express past he vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 is present the dwarf not said here civil property tree rules 4 toadstool you tree rules 5 disfigure to-infinitive the dwarf not said here a man's face vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent face=Patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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