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toffee

Who acts: Grandma, I, Chewy toffee, He, sugar · What happens: make, boil, buy, sell, pull out, not sing · To what, where: hard brown sweet, sugar, sticky toffee pudding, bag, Toffee apples, fair

«toffee» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: toffee in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

A hard or chewy brown sweet made by boiling sugar and butter.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 sweet	det
2	hard	hard	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 sweet	amod
3	or	or	CCONJ	_	4 chewy	cc
4	chewy	chewy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 hard	conj
5	brown	brown	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 sweet	amod
6	sweet	sweet	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 sweet	acl
8	by	by	SCONJ	_	9 boiling	mark
9	boiling	boil	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	7 made	advcl
10	sugar	sugar	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 boiling	obj
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 butter	cc
12	butter	butter	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 sugar	conj
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 sweet	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	participle		a hard brown sweet not said here					vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset
2	boil	gerund		sugar and butter					vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent sugar=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Meaning 2

A single sweet of this kind.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 sweet	det
2	single	single	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 sweet	amod
3	sweet	sweet	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 kind	case
5	this	this	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	6 kind	det
6	kind	kind	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 sweet	nmod
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 sweet	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

"a toffee".

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	"	"	PUNCT	_	3 toffee	punct
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 toffee	det
3	toffee	toffee	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	"	"	PUNCT	_	3 toffee	punct
5	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 toffee	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 1

Grandma made sticky toffee pudding.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Grandma	grandma	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 made	nsubj
2	made	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	sticky	sticky	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 pudding	amod
4	toffee	toffee	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 pudding	amod
5	pudding	pudding	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 made	obj
6	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 made	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	past	Grandma	sticky toffee pudding					vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pudding=Product

Example 2

I bought a bag of toffees.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 bought	nsubj
2	bought	buy	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 bag	det
4	bag	bag	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 bought	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 toffees	case
6	toffees	toffee	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 bag	nmod
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 bought	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	buy	past	I	a bag of toffees					vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bag=Theme

Example 3

Toffee apples are sold at the fair.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Toffee	toffee	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 apples	compound
2	apples	apple	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 sold	nsubj:pass
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 sold	aux:pass
4	sold	sell	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	at	at	ADP	_	7 fair	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 fair	det
7	fair	fair	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 sold	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 sold	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sell	present · passive		Toffee apples		the fair			vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.asset»: subject=Theme at fair=Asset

Example 4

Chewy toffee can pull out loose teeth!

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Chewy	chewy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 toffee	amod
2	toffee	toffee	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 pull	nsubj
3	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 pull	aux
4	pull	pull	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	out	out	ADP	_	4 pull	compound:prt
6	loose	loose	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 teeth	amod
7	teeth	tooth	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 pull	obj
8	!	!	PUNCT	_	4 pull	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pull out	can	Chewy toffee	loose teeth					tree rules

Example 5

He can't sing for toffee.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 sing	nsubj
2	ca	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 sing	aux
3	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 sing	advmod
4	sing	sing	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 toffee	case
6	toffee	toffee	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 sing	obl
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 sing	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not sing speech: express	can	He					for toffee	vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient S_INF»: agent=Agent for toffee=Recipient

Example 6

The sugar turned into golden toffee.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 sugar	det
2	sugar	sugar	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 turned	nsubj
3	turned	turn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	into	into	ADP	_	6 toffee	case
5	golden	golden	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 toffee	amod
6	toffee	toffee	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 turned	obl
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 turned	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	turn	past	the sugar			golden toffee			vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme into toffee=Trajectory

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/T/toffee/