toil Who acts: toil, Toils, farmers, We, Children, he · What happens: be, mean, move, toil up, catch, toil · To what, where: hill, nets, toils, fields, steep hill, factories · Speech: someone speaks here
«toil» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: toil in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To toil is to work very hard for a long time, usually at tiring work.
The tree, 15 words mark nsubj cop mark advmod advmod case det amod obl punct advmod case amod parataxis punct root To PART toil NOUN is AUX to PART work VERB very ADV hard ADV for ADP a DET long ADJ time NOUN , PUNCT usually ADV at ADP tiring ADJ work NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 toil mark 2 toil toil NOUN Number=Sing 5 work nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 work cop 4 to to PART _ 5 work mark 5 work work VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 very very ADV _ 7 hard advmod 7 hard hard ADV Degree=Pos 5 work advmod 8 for for ADP _ 11 time case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 time det 10 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 11 time amod 11 time time NOUN Number=Sing 5 work obl 12 , , PUNCT _ 16 work punct 13 usually usually ADV _ 16 work advmod 14 at at ADP _ 16 work case 15 tiring tiring ADJ Degree=Pos 16 work amod 16 work work NOUN Number=Sing 5 work parataxis 17 . . PUNCT _ 5 work punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present toil time hard, work property tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To toil can mean to move slowly and with great effort: «toil up a hill».
The tree, 15 words mark nsubj aux mark xcomp advmod cc case amod conj punct punct parataxis compound:prt det obj punct punct root To PART toil NOUN can AUX mean VERB to PART move VERB slowly ADV and CCONJ with ADP great ADJ effort NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT toil VERB up ADP a DET hill NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 toil mark 2 toil toil NOUN Number=Sing 4 mean nsubj 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 mean aux 4 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 to to PART _ 6 move mark 6 move move VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 mean xcomp 7 slowly slowly ADV _ 6 move advmod 8 and and CCONJ _ 11 effort cc 9 with with ADP _ 11 effort case 10 great great ADJ Degree=Pos 11 effort amod 11 effort effort NOUN Number=Sing 7 slowly conj 12 : : PUNCT _ 14 toil punct 13 « « PUNCT _ 14 toil punct 14 toil toil VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 4 mean parataxis 15 up up ADP _ 14 toil compound:prt 16 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 hill det 17 hill hill NOUN Number=Sing 14 toil obj 18 » » PUNCT _ 14 toil punct 19 . . PUNCT _ 4 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean can toil vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 move not said to happen to-infinitive toil not said here slowly property vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme 3 toil up in a quote infinitive a hill vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial_Location hill=Theme
Meaning 3 Usage: noun — kept apart, not parsed.
Toil is hard, tiring work.
nsubj cop punct amod obl punct root Toil NOUN is AUX hard ADJ , PUNCT tiring ADJ work NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Toil toil NOUN Number=Sing 3 hard nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 hard cop 3 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 , , PUNCT _ 6 work punct 5 tiring tiring ADJ Degree=Pos 6 work amod 6 work work NOUN Number=Sing 3 hard obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 hard punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Toil tiring work obl ; hard property tree rules
Meaning 4 Usage: old — kept apart, not parsed.
Toils, plural, are nets or traps: «caught in the toils».
The tree, 10 words nsubj punct appos punct cop cc conj punct punct acl case det obl punct punct root Toils NOUN , PUNCT plural ADJ , PUNCT are AUX nets NOUN or CCONJ traps NOUN : PUNCT « PUNCT caught VERB in ADP the DET toils NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Toils toil NOUN Number=Plur 6 nets nsubj 2 , , PUNCT _ 3 plural punct 3 plural plural ADJ Degree=Pos 1 Toils appos 4 , , PUNCT _ 1 Toils punct 5 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 nets cop 6 nets net NOUN Number=Plur root root 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 traps cc 8 traps trap NOUN Number=Plur 6 nets conj 9 : : PUNCT _ 11 caught punct 10 « « PUNCT _ 11 caught punct 11 caught catch VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 nets acl 12 in in ADP _ 14 toils case 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 toils det 14 toils toil NOUN Number=Plur 11 caught obl 15 » » PUNCT _ 11 caught punct 16 . . PUNCT _ 6 nets punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Toils nets or traps tree rules 2 catch in a quote participle nets or traps not said here the toils vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Example 1 The farmers toiled in the fields all day.
det nsubj case det obl det obl:unmarked punct root The DET farmers NOUN toiled VERB in ADP the DET fields NOUN all DET day NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 farmers det 2 farmers farmer NOUN Number=Plur 3 toiled nsubj 3 toiled toil VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 in in ADP _ 6 fields case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 fields det 6 fields field NOUN Number=Plur 3 toiled obl 7 all all DET PronType=Tot 8 day det 8 day day NOUN Number=Sing 3 toiled obl:unmarked 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 toiled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 toil past the farmers the fields day vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in field=Trajectory
Example 2 We toiled up the steep hill with our backpacks.
nsubj compound:prt det amod obj case nmod:poss nmod punct root We PRON toiled VERB up ADP the DET steep ADJ hill NOUN with ADP our PRON backpacks NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 toiled nsubj 2 toiled toil VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 up up ADP _ 2 toiled compound:prt 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 hill det 5 steep steep ADJ Degree=Pos 6 hill amod 6 hill hill NOUN Number=Sing 2 toiled obj 7 with with ADP _ 9 backpacks case 8 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 backpacks nmod:poss 9 backpacks backpack NOUN Number=Plur 6 hill nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 toiled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 toil up past We the steep hill with our backpacks vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial_Location hill=Theme
Example 3 Children once toiled in factories and mines.
nsubj advmod case obl cc conj punct root Children NOUN once ADV toiled VERB in ADP factories NOUN and CCONJ mines NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Children child NOUN Number=Plur 3 toiled nsubj 2 once once ADV NumForm=Word NumType=Mult 3 toiled advmod 3 toiled toil VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 in in ADP _ 5 factories case 5 factories factory NOUN Number=Plur 3 toiled obl 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 mines cc 7 mines mine NOUN Number=Plur 5 factories conj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 toiled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 toil past Children factories and mines once property vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in factory=Trajectory
Example 4 After years of toil he built his own house.
case obl case obl nsubj nmod:poss amod obj punct root After ADP years NOUN of ADP toil NOUN he PRON built VERB his PRON own ADJ house NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 After after ADP _ 2 years case 2 years year NOUN Number=Plur 6 built obl 3 of of ADP _ 4 toil case 4 toil toil NOUN Number=Sing 6 built obl 5 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 built nsubj 6 built build VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 house nmod:poss 8 own own ADJ Degree=Pos 9 house amod 9 house house NOUN Number=Sing 6 built obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 6 built punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 build past he his own house year of toil vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent house=Product
Example 5 «Consider the lilies of the field, how they grow; they toil not.»
The tree, 12 words punct det obj case det nmod punct advmod nsubj acl:relcl punct nsubj conj advmod punct punct root « PUNCT Consider VERB the DET lilies NOUN of ADP the DET field NOUN , PUNCT how ADV they PRON grow VERB ; PUNCT they PRON toil VERB not PART . PUNCT » PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Consider punct 2 Consider consider VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 lilies det 4 lilies lily NOUN Number=Plur 2 Consider obj 5 of of ADP _ 7 field case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 field det 7 field field NOUN Number=Sing 4 lilies nmod 8 , , PUNCT _ 11 grow punct 9 how how ADV PronType=Int 11 grow advmod 10 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 grow nsubj 11 grow grow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 lilies acl:relcl 12 ; ; PUNCT _ 14 toil punct 13 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 14 toil nsubj 14 toil toil VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 Consider conj 15 not not PART Polarity=Neg 14 toil advmod 16 . . PUNCT _ 2 Consider punct 17 » » PUNCT _ 2 Consider punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 consider in a quote imperative you not said here the lilies of the field vn consider-29.9-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent lily=Attribute 2 grow in a quote present lilies = lily vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 not toil in a quote present lilies = lily vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 6 The ants toiled to carry the crumbs home.
det nsubj mark xcomp det obj advmod punct root The DET ants NOUN toiled VERB to PART carry VERB the DET crumbs NOUN home ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 ants det 2 ants ant NOUN Number=Plur 3 toiled nsubj 3 toiled toil VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to PART _ 5 carry mark 5 carry carry VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 toiled xcomp 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 crumbs det 7 crumbs crumb NOUN Number=Plur 5 carry obj 8 home home ADV _ 5 carry advmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 toiled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 toil past the ants tree rules 2 carry to-infinitive the ants not said here the crumbs home property vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crumb=Theme
Example 7 Those who have all the toil do not always get the profit.
nsubj nsubj acl:relcl det:predet det obj aux advmod advmod det obj punct root Those PRON who PRON have VERB all DET the DET toil NOUN do AUX not PART always ADV get VERB the DET profit NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Those that PRON Number=Plur PronType=Dem 10 get nsubj 2 who who PRON PronType=Rel 3 have nsubj 3 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Those acl:relcl 4 all all DET PronType=Tot 6 toil det:predet 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 toil det 6 toil toil NOUN Number=Sing 3 have obj 7 do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 get aux 8 not not PART Polarity=Neg 10 get advmod 9 always always ADV PronType=Tot 10 get advmod 10 get get VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 profit det 12 profit profit NOUN Number=Sing 10 get obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 10 get punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present all toil vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent toil=Patient 2 not get present · do-support Those the profit always property vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer profit=Stimulus
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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