top Who acts: top, spinning, top toy, She, He, Mia · What happens: be, spin, mean, top, top off, finish · To what, where: highest part, upper surface, piece, top, top toy, point · Speech: someone speaks here
«top» in the school dictionary: its 7 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: top in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 The top is the highest part of something: the top of the hill.
The tree, 13 words det nsubj cop det amod case nmod punct det conj case det nmod punct root The DET top NOUN is AUX the DET highest ADJ part NOUN of ADP something PRON : PUNCT the DET top NOUN of ADP the DET hill NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 top det 2 top top NOUN Number=Sing 6 part nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 part cop 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 part det 5 highest high ADJ Degree=Sup 6 part amod 6 part part NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 of of ADP _ 8 something case 8 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 6 part nmod 9 : : PUNCT _ 11 top punct 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 top det 11 top top NOUN Number=Sing 6 part conj 12 of of ADP _ 14 hill case 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 hill det 14 hill hill NOUN Number=Sing 11 top nmod 15 . . PUNCT _ 6 part punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the top the highest part and the top of the hill of something tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 The top is the upper surface or the lid: the top of the table, a bottle top.
The tree, 17 words det nsubj cop det amod cc det conj punct det nmod case det nmod punct det compound conj punct root The DET top NOUN is AUX the DET upper ADJ surface NOUN or CCONJ the DET lid NOUN : PUNCT the DET top NOUN of ADP the DET table NOUN , PUNCT a DET bottle NOUN top NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 top det 2 top top NOUN Number=Sing 6 surface nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 surface cop 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 surface det 5 upper upper ADJ Degree=Pos 6 surface amod 6 surface surface NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 or or CCONJ _ 9 lid cc 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 lid det 9 lid lid NOUN Number=Sing 6 surface conj 10 : : PUNCT _ 12 top punct 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 top det 12 top top NOUN Number=Sing 6 surface nmod 13 of of ADP _ 15 table case 14 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 15 table det 15 table table NOUN Number=Sing 12 top nmod 16 , , PUNCT _ 19 top punct 17 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 19 top det 18 bottle bottle NOUN Number=Sing 19 top compound 19 top top NOUN Number=Sing 12 top conj 20 . . PUNCT _ 6 surface punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the top the upper surface or the lid the top of the table and a bottle top nmod tree rules
Meaning 3 A top is a piece of clothing for the upper body, like a T-shirt.
The tree, 15 words det nsubj cop det case nmod case det amod nmod punct case det compound punct conj punct root A DET top NOUN is AUX a DET piece NOUN of ADP clothing NOUN for ADP the DET upper ADJ body NOUN , PUNCT like ADP a DET T NOUN - PUNCT shirt NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 top det 2 top top NOUN Number=Sing 5 piece nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 piece cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 piece det 5 piece piece NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 7 clothing case 7 clothing clothing NOUN Number=Sing 5 piece nmod 8 for for ADP _ 11 body case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 body det 10 upper upper ADJ Degree=Pos 11 body amod 11 body body NOUN Number=Sing 5 piece nmod 12 , , PUNCT _ 17 shirt punct 13 like like ADP _ 17 shirt case 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 shirt det 15 T t NOUN Number=Sing 17 shirt compound 16 - - PUNCT _ 15 T punct 17 shirt shirt NOUN Number=Sing 5 piece conj 18 . . PUNCT _ 5 piece punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a top a piece and a T shirt of clothing; for the upper body tree rules
Meaning 4 A top (spinning top) is a toy that spins on a point.
The tree, 12 words det amod punct csubj obj punct cop det nsubj acl:relcl case det obl punct root A DET top ADJ ( PUNCT spinning VERB top NOUN ) PUNCT is AUX a DET toy NOUN that PRON spins VERB on ADP a DET point NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 toy det 2 top top ADJ Degree=Pos 9 toy amod 3 ( ( PUNCT _ 4 spinning punct 4 spinning spin VERB VerbForm=Ger 9 toy csubj 5 top top NOUN Number=Sing 4 spinning obj 6 ) ) PUNCT _ 5 top punct 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 toy cop 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 toy det 9 toy toy NOUN Number=Sing root root 10 that that PRON PronType=Rel 11 spins nsubj 11 spins spin VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 toy acl:relcl 12 on on ADP _ 14 point case 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 point det 14 point point NOUN Number=Sing 11 spins obl 15 . . PUNCT _ 9 toy punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spin gerund top vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent top=Theme 2 is a present spinning a top toy tree rules 3 spin present a top toy a point vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme on point=Trajectory
Meaning 5 Top means best or highest: the top mark, top speed.
nsubj advmod cc conj punct det amod parataxis punct amod conj punct root Top NOUN means VERB best ADV or CCONJ highest ADJ : PUNCT the DET top ADJ mark NOUN , PUNCT top ADJ speed NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Top top NOUN Number=Sing 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 best well ADV Degree=Sup 2 means advmod 4 or or CCONJ _ 5 highest cc 5 highest high ADJ Degree=Sup 3 best conj 6 : : PUNCT _ 9 mark punct 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 mark det 8 top top ADJ Degree=Pos 9 mark amod 9 mark mark NOUN Number=Sing 2 means parataxis 10 , , PUNCT _ 12 speed punct 11 top top ADJ Degree=Pos 12 speed amod 12 speed speed NOUN Number=Sing 9 mark conj 13 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Top well property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
Meaning 6 To top something is to put something on it, or to be better than it.
The tree, 15 words mark advcl obj cop mark obj case obl punct cc mark cop conj case obl punct root To PART top VERB something PRON is AUX to PART put VERB something PRON on ADP it PRON , PUNCT or CCONJ to PART be AUX better ADJ than ADP it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 top mark 2 top top VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 put advcl 3 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 top obj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 put cop 5 to to PART _ 6 put mark 6 put put VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 7 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 6 put obj 8 on on ADP _ 9 it case 9 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 put obl 10 , , PUNCT _ 14 better punct 11 or or CCONJ _ 14 better cc 12 to to PART _ 14 better mark 13 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 14 better cop 14 better good ADJ Degree=Cmp 6 put conj 15 than than ADP _ 16 it case 16 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 14 better obl 17 . . PUNCT _ 6 put punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 top to-infinitive something vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme something=Co-Theme 2 is present it put property tree rules 3 is to-infinitive than it; good property tree rules
Meaning 7 To top something off means to finish it, often with a final touch.
The tree, 13 words mark csubj obj compound:prt mark xcomp obj punct advmod case det amod obl punct root To PART top VERB something PRON off ADP means VERB to PART finish VERB it PRON , PUNCT often ADV with ADP a DET final ADJ touch NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 top mark 2 top top VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 means csubj 3 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 top obj 4 off off ADP _ 2 top compound:prt 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 to to PART _ 7 finish mark 7 finish finish VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 means xcomp 8 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 finish obj 9 , , PUNCT _ 14 touch punct 10 often often ADV _ 14 touch advmod 11 with with ADP _ 14 touch case 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 touch det 13 final final ADJ Degree=Pos 14 touch amod 14 touch touch NOUN Number=Sing 7 finish obl 15 . . PUNCT _ 5 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 top off to-infinitive something vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme something=Co-Theme 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 finish not said to happen to-infinitive it with a final touch vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality PP.subeventuality»: agent=Affector it=Eventuality with touch=Subeventuality
Example 1 She put 5 books on the top shelf.
nsubj nummod obj case det amod obl punct root She PRON put VERB 5 NUM books NOUN on ADP the DET top ADJ shelf NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 put nsubj 2 put put VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 5 5 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 books nummod 4 books book NOUN Number=Plur 2 put obj 5 on on ADP _ 8 shelf case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 shelf det 7 top top ADJ Degree=Pos 8 shelf amod 8 shelf shelf NOUN Number=Sing 2 put obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 put punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 put past She 5 books the top shelf vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent book=Theme on shelf=Destination
Example 2 He climbed to the top of the hill in 30 minutes.
nsubj case det obl case det nmod case nummod obl punct root He PRON climbed VERB to ADP the DET top NOUN of ADP the DET hill NOUN in ADP 30 NUM minutes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 climbed nsubj 2 climbed climb VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 to to ADP _ 5 top case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 top det 5 top top NOUN Number=Sing 2 climbed obl 6 of of ADP _ 8 hill case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 hill det 8 hill hill NOUN Number=Sing 5 top nmod 9 in in ADP _ 11 minutes case 10 30 30 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 11 minutes nummod 11 minutes minute NOUN Number=Plur 2 climbed obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 climbed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 climb past He the top of the hill minute vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to top=Destination
Example 3 Mia bought 3 tops for 12 dollars each.
nsubj nummod obj case nummod obl obj punct root Mia PROPN bought VERB 3 NUM tops NOUN for ADP 12 NUM dollars NOUN each DET . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mia Mia PROPN Number=Sing 2 bought nsubj 2 bought buy VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 3 3 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 tops nummod 4 tops top NOUN Number=Plur 2 bought obj 5 for for ADP _ 7 dollars case 6 12 12 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 7 dollars nummod 7 dollars dollar NOUN Number=Plur 2 bought obl 8 each each DET PronType=Tot 2 bought obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 bought punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 buy past Mia 3 tops for 12 dollars vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP.beneficiary NP»: agent=Agent top=Beneficiary each=Theme
Example 4 The top layer has 10 cookies.
det amod nsubj nummod obj punct root The DET top ADJ layer NOUN has VERB 10 NUM cookies NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 layer det 2 top top ADJ Degree=Pos 3 layer amod 3 layer layer NOUN Number=Sing 4 has nsubj 4 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 10 10 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 cookies nummod 6 cookies cookie NOUN Number=Plur 4 has obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present the top layer 10 cookies vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cookie=Patient
Example 5 The top number of a fraction tells how many parts you have.
det amod nsubj case det nmod advmod amod obj nsubj acl:relcl punct root The DET top ADJ number NOUN of ADP a DET fraction NOUN tells VERB how ADV many ADJ parts NOUN you PRON have VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 number det 2 top top ADJ Degree=Pos 3 number amod 3 number number NOUN Number=Sing 7 tells nsubj 4 of of ADP _ 6 fraction case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 fraction det 6 fraction fraction NOUN Number=Sing 3 number nmod 7 tells tell VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 8 how how ADV PronType=Int 9 many advmod 9 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 10 parts amod 10 parts part NOUN Number=Plur 7 tells obj 11 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 12 have nsubj 12 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 parts acl:relcl 13 . . PUNCT _ 7 tells punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 tell speech: assert present the top number of a fraction many parts vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent part=Recipient 2 have present you many parts not said here vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent part=Patient
Example 6 Put the top back on the glue stick.
det obj advmod case det compound obl punct root Put VERB the DET top NOUN back ADV on ADP the DET glue NOUN stick NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Put put VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 top det 3 top top NOUN Number=Sing 1 Put obj 4 back back ADV _ 1 Put advmod 5 on on ADP _ 8 stick case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 stick det 7 glue glue NOUN Number=Sing 8 stick compound 8 stick stick NOUN Number=Sing 1 Put obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 1 Put punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 put back imperative you not said here the top the glue stick vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent top=Theme on stick=Destination
Example 7 She came top of the class in spelling.
nsubj nsubj case det nmod case nmod punct root She PRON came VERB top NOUN of ADP the DET class NOUN in ADP spelling NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 came nsubj 2 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 top top NOUN Number=Sing 2 came nsubj 4 of of ADP _ 6 class case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 class det 6 class class NOUN Number=Sing 3 top nmod 7 in in ADP _ 8 spelling case 8 spelling spelling NOUN Number=Sing 6 class nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 came punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come past She vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 8 The spinning top wobbled and fell over.
det amod nsubj cc conj advmod punct root The DET spinning VERB top NOUN wobbled VERB and CCONJ fell VERB over ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 top det 2 spinning spin VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 top amod 3 top top NOUN Number=Sing 4 wobbled nsubj 4 wobbled wobble VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 fell cc 6 fell fall VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 wobbled conj 7 over over ADV _ 6 fell advmod 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 wobbled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spin gerund vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme 2 wobble past the spinning top vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 fall over past the spinning top not said here over property vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 9 ‘Top Off,’ said the Cat drily.
punct nsubj advmod punct punct det obj advmod punct root ‘ PUNCT Top PROPN Off ADV , PUNCT ’ PUNCT said VERB the DET Cat NOUN drily ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ‘ ' PUNCT _ 2 Top punct 2 Top Top PROPN Number=Sing 6 said nsubj 3 Off off ADV _ 2 Top advmod 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 Off punct 5 ’ ' PUNCT _ 2 Top punct 6 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 Cat det 8 Cat cat NOUN Number=Sing 6 said obj 9 drily drily ADV _ 6 said advmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 6 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert past Top the Cat drily property vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent cat=Topic
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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