topped Who acts: sales, She, song, Mum, temperature, Ice cream · What happens: top, mean, cover, go, top up, fill · To what, where: top, cake, beat, million, pizza, class · Speech: someone speaks here
«topped» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: topped in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Topped means covered on top with something, like «a cake topped with cream».
The tree, 13 words nsubj ccomp case obl case nmod punct case punct det appos acl case obl punct punct root Topped VERB means VERB covered VERB on ADP top NOUN with ADP something PRON , PUNCT like ADP « PUNCT a DET cake NOUN topped VERB with ADP cream NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Topped top VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 covered cover VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 means ccomp 4 on on ADP _ 5 top case 5 top top NOUN Number=Sing 3 covered obl 6 with with ADP _ 7 something case 7 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 5 top nmod 8 , , PUNCT _ 12 cake punct 9 like like ADP _ 12 cake case 10 « « PUNCT _ 12 cake punct 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 cake det 12 cake cake NOUN Number=Sing 7 something appos 13 topped top VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 12 cake acl 14 with with ADP _ 15 cream case 15 cream cream NOUN Number=Sing 13 topped obl 16 » » PUNCT _ 12 cake punct 17 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 top participle vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 cover participle top with something vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme 4 top in a quote participle a cake not said here with cream vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent with cream=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Topped means went higher than or beat, like «sales topped a million».
The tree, 12 words nsubj ccomp xcomp fixed cc obl punct mark punct nsubj conj det obj punct punct root Topped VERB means VERB went VERB higher ADJ than ADP or CCONJ beat NOUN , PUNCT like SCONJ « PUNCT sales NOUN topped VERB a DET million NUM » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Topped top VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 went go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 means ccomp 4 higher high ADJ Degree=Cmp 3 went xcomp 5 than than ADP _ 4 higher fixed 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 beat cc 7 beat beat NOUN Number=Sing 3 went obl 8 , , PUNCT _ 12 topped punct 9 like like SCONJ _ 12 topped mark 10 « « PUNCT _ 12 topped punct 11 sales sale NOUN Number=Plur 12 topped nsubj 12 topped top VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 went conj 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 million det 14 million million NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 12 topped obj 15 » » PUNCT _ 14 million punct 16 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 top participle vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 go past beat high property vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 4 top in a quote past sales a million vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme million=Co-Theme
Meaning 3 Topped up means filled again to the top.
nsubj compound:prt ccomp advmod case det obl punct root Topped VERB up ADP means VERB filled VERB again ADV to ADP the DET top NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Topped top VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 means nsubj 2 up up ADP _ 1 Topped compound:prt 3 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 filled fill VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 means ccomp 5 again again ADV _ 4 filled advmod 6 to to ADP _ 8 top case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 top det 8 top top NOUN Number=Sing 4 filled obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 top up participle vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 fill participle again to the top vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Example 1 The pizza was topped with cheese and tomatoes.
det nsubj:pass aux:pass case obl cc conj punct root The DET pizza NOUN was AUX topped VERB with ADP cheese NOUN and CCONJ tomatoes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 pizza det 2 pizza pizza NOUN Number=Sing 4 topped nsubj:pass 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 topped aux:pass 4 topped top VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 with with ADP _ 6 cheese case 6 cheese cheese NOUN Number=Sing 4 topped obl 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 tomatoes cc 8 tomatoes tomato NOUN Number=Plur 6 cheese conj 9 . . PUNCT _ 4 topped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 top past · passive the pizza with cheese and tomatoes vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination with cheese=Theme
Example 2 She topped her class in spelling.
nsubj nmod:poss obj case obl punct root She PRON topped VERB her PRON class NOUN in ADP spelling NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 topped nsubj 2 topped top VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 class nmod:poss 4 class class NOUN Number=Sing 2 topped obj 5 in in ADP _ 6 spelling case 6 spelling spelling NOUN Number=Sing 2 topped obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 topped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 top past She her class in spelling vn exceed-90 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot class=Theme in spelling=Attribute
Example 3 The song topped the charts for weeks.
det nsubj det obj case obl punct root The DET song NOUN topped VERB the DET charts NOUN for ADP weeks NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 song det 2 song song NOUN Number=Sing 3 topped nsubj 3 topped top VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 charts det 5 charts chart NOUN Number=Plur 3 topped obj 6 for for ADP _ 7 weeks case 7 weeks week NOUN Number=Plur 3 topped obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 topped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 top past the song the charts week vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme chart=Co-Theme
Example 4 Mum topped up my water bottle.
nsubj compound:prt nmod:poss compound obj punct root Mum NOUN topped VERB up ADP my PRON water NOUN bottle NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mum mum NOUN Number=Sing 2 topped nsubj 2 topped top VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 up up ADP _ 2 topped compound:prt 4 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 6 bottle nmod:poss 5 water water NOUN Number=Sing 6 bottle compound 6 bottle bottle NOUN Number=Sing 2 topped obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 topped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 top up past Mum my water bottle vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme bottle=Co-Theme
Example 5 The temperature topped 35 degrees.
det nsubj nummod obj punct root The DET temperature NOUN topped VERB 35 NUM degrees NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 temperature det 2 temperature temperature NOUN Number=Sing 3 topped nsubj 3 topped top VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 35 35 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 degrees nummod 5 degrees degree NOUN Number=Plur 3 topped obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 topped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 top past the temperature 35 degrees vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme degree=Co-Theme
Example 6 Ice cream topped with sprinkles is my favourite.
compound nsubj acl case obl cop nmod:poss punct root Ice NOUN cream NOUN topped VERB with ADP sprinkles NOUN is AUX my PRON favourite ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ice ice NOUN Number=Sing 2 cream compound 2 cream cream NOUN Number=Sing 8 favourite nsubj 3 topped top VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 cream acl 4 with with ADP _ 5 sprinkles case 5 sprinkles sprinkle NOUN Number=Plur 3 topped obl 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 favourite cop 7 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 8 favourite nmod:poss 8 favourite favourite ADJ Degree=Pos root root 9 . . PUNCT _ 8 favourite punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 top participle Ice cream not said here with sprinkles vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent with sprinkle=Theme 2 is present Ice cream favourite property tree rules
Example 7 The mountain was topped with snow.
det nsubj:pass aux:pass case obl punct root The DET mountain NOUN was AUX topped VERB with ADP snow NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 mountain det 2 mountain mountain NOUN Number=Sing 4 topped nsubj:pass 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 topped aux:pass 4 topped top VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 with with ADP _ 6 snow case 6 snow snow NOUN Number=Sing 4 topped obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 topped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 top past · passive the mountain with snow vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination with snow=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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