tort Who acts: tort, they, It, Negligence, careless driver, Tort law · What happens: do, be, hurt, damage, sue, not be · To what, where: them, carelessness, property, civil court, crime, tort · Speech: someone speaks here
«tort» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: tort in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Usage: law — kept apart, not parsed.
A tort is a wrong done to someone, such as hurting them through carelessness or damaging their property, for which they can sue in a civil court for money (damages), even though it may not be a crime.
The tree, 38 words det nsubj cop det amod amod case punct mark fixed acl:relcl obj case obl cc conj nmod:poss obj punct case obl nsubj aux acl:relcl case det amod obl case nmod punct appos punct punct advmod mark nsubj aux advmod cop det conj punct root A DET tort NOUN is AUX a DET wrong ADJ done VERB to ADP someone PRON , PUNCT such ADJ as ADP hurting VERB them PRON through ADP carelessness NOUN or CCONJ damaging VERB their PRON property NOUN , PUNCT for ADP which PRON they PRON can AUX sue VERB in ADP a DET civil ADJ court NOUN for ADP money NOUN ( PUNCT damages NOUN ) PUNCT , PUNCT even ADV though SCONJ it PRON may AUX not PART be AUX a DET crime NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 tort det 2 tort tort NOUN Number=Sing 8 someone nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 someone cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 someone det 5 wrong wrong ADJ Degree=Pos 8 someone amod 6 done do VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 someone amod 7 to to ADP _ 8 someone case 8 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind root root 9 , , PUNCT _ 12 hurting punct 10 such such ADJ Degree=Pos ExtPos=SCONJ 12 hurting mark 11 as as ADP _ 10 such fixed 12 hurting hurt VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 8 someone acl:relcl 13 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 hurting obj 14 through through ADP _ 15 carelessness case 15 carelessness carelessness NOUN Number=Sing 12 hurting obl 16 or or CCONJ _ 17 damaging cc 17 damaging damage VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 12 hurting conj 18 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 19 property nmod:poss 19 property property NOUN Number=Sing 17 damaging obj 20 , , PUNCT _ 25 sue punct 21 for for ADP _ 22 which case 22 which which PRON PronType=Rel 25 sue obl 23 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 25 sue nsubj 24 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 25 sue aux 25 sue sue VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 someone acl:relcl 26 in in ADP _ 29 court case 27 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 29 court det 28 civil civil ADJ Degree=Pos 29 court amod 29 court court NOUN Number=Sing 25 sue obl 30 for for ADP _ 31 money case 31 money money NOUN Number=Sing 29 court nmod 32 ( ( PUNCT _ 33 damages punct 33 damages damage NOUN Number=Plur 31 money appos 34 ) ) PUNCT _ 33 damages punct 35 , , PUNCT _ 43 crime punct 36 even even ADV _ 43 crime advmod 37 though though SCONJ _ 43 crime mark 38 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 43 crime nsubj 39 may may AUX VerbForm=Fin 43 crime aux 40 not not PART Polarity=Neg 43 crime advmod 41 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 43 crime cop 42 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 43 crime det 43 crime crime NOUN Number=Sing 25 sue conj 44 . . PUNCT _ 8 someone punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 do participle vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 is present a tort to someone tree rules 3 hurt gerund them = they carelessness vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer they=Patient 4 damage gerund their property vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent property=Patient 5 sue can they a civil court for money tree rules 6 not is a may tort a crime tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 It is not the same as «torte», a rich cake, or «taut», which means tight.
The tree, 15 words nsubj cop advmod det case punct obl punct punct det amod conj punct cc punct parataxis punct punct nsubj parataxis xcomp punct root It PRON is AUX not PART the DET same ADJ as ADP « PUNCT torte NOUN » PUNCT , PUNCT a DET rich ADJ cake NOUN , PUNCT or CCONJ « PUNCT taut ADJ » PUNCT , PUNCT which PRON means VERB tight ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 same nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 same cop 3 not not PART Polarity=Neg 5 same advmod 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 same det 5 same same ADJ Degree=Pos root root 6 as as ADP _ 8 torte case 7 « « PUNCT _ 8 torte punct 8 torte torte NOUN Number=Sing 5 same obl 9 » » PUNCT _ 8 torte punct 10 , , PUNCT _ 13 cake punct 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 cake det 12 rich rich ADJ Degree=Pos 13 cake amod 13 cake cake NOUN Number=Sing 8 torte conj 14 , , PUNCT _ 17 taut punct 15 or or CCONJ _ 17 taut cc 16 « « PUNCT _ 17 taut punct 17 taut taut ADJ Degree=Pos 5 same parataxis 18 » » PUNCT _ 17 taut punct 19 , , PUNCT _ 21 means punct 20 which which PRON PronType=Rel 21 means nsubj 21 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 same parataxis 22 tight tight ADJ Degree=Pos 21 means xcomp 23 . . PUNCT _ 5 same punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not is present It as torte and a rich cake; same property tree rules 2 mean present tight property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
Example 1 Negligence is a tort, like when a careless driver hits a parked car.
The tree, 13 words nsubj cop det punct mark mark det amod nsubj acl:relcl det amod obj punct root Negligence NOUN is AUX a DET tort NOUN , PUNCT like SCONJ when SCONJ a DET careless ADJ driver NOUN hits VERB a DET parked VERB car NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Negligence negligence NOUN Number=Sing 4 tort nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 tort cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 tort det 4 tort tort NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 , , PUNCT _ 11 hits punct 6 like like SCONJ _ 11 hits mark 7 when when SCONJ _ 11 hits mark 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 driver det 9 careless careless ADJ Degree=Pos 10 driver amod 10 driver driver NOUN Number=Sing 11 hits nsubj 11 hits hit VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 tort acl:relcl 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 car det 13 parked park VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 14 car amod 14 car car NOUN Number=Sing 11 hits obj 15 . . PUNCT _ 4 tort punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Negligence a tort tree rules 2 hit present a careless driver a parked car vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme car=Co-Theme 3 park participle vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Example 2 Tort law decides who must pay when someone is harmed.
compound nsubj nsubj aux ccomp advmod nsubj aux:pass advcl punct root Tort PROPN law NOUN decides VERB who PRON must AUX pay VERB when ADV someone PRON is AUX harmed VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Tort Tort PROPN Number=Sing 2 law compound 2 law law NOUN Number=Sing 3 decides nsubj 3 decides decide VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 who who PRON PronType=Rel 6 pay nsubj 5 must must AUX VerbForm=Fin 6 pay aux 6 pay pay VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 decides ccomp 7 when when ADV PronType=Int 10 harmed advmod 8 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 10 harmed nsubj 9 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 harmed aux:pass 10 harmed harm VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 pay advcl 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 decides punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 decide present Tort law vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 pay must vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 3 harm present · passive someone vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer
Example 3 Trespassing on land can be a tort.
csubj case obl aux cop det punct root Trespassing VERB on ADP land NOUN can AUX be AUX a DET tort NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Trespassing trespass VERB VerbForm=Ger 7 tort csubj 2 on on ADP _ 3 land case 3 land land NOUN Number=Sing 1 Trespassing obl 4 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 7 tort aux 5 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 7 tort cop 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 tort det 7 tort tort NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 . . PUNCT _ 7 tort punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 trespass gerund land tree rules 2 is a can Trespassing a tort tree rules
Example 4 A lawyer explained that the tort case was about a dog bite.
det nsubj mark det compound nsubj cop advmod det compound ccomp punct root A DET lawyer NOUN explained VERB that SCONJ the DET tort NOUN case NOUN was AUX about ADV a DET dog NOUN bite NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 lawyer det 2 lawyer lawyer NOUN Number=Sing 3 explained nsubj 3 explained explain VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 that that SCONJ _ 12 bite mark 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 case det 6 tort tort NOUN Number=Sing 7 case compound 7 case case NOUN Number=Sing 12 bite nsubj 8 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 12 bite cop 9 about about ADV _ 12 bite advmod 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 bite det 11 dog dog NOUN Number=Sing 12 bite compound 12 bite bite NOUN Number=Sing 3 explained ccomp 13 . . PUNCT _ 3 explained punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 explain speech: assert past a lawyer vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 is a past the tort case a dog bite about property tree rules
Example 5 In a tort case, the winner usually gets money, not a prison sentence for the other side.
The tree, 17 words case det compound obl punct det nsubj advmod obj punct advmod det compound obl case det amod nmod punct root In ADP a DET tort NOUN case NOUN , PUNCT the DET winner NOUN usually ADV gets VERB money NOUN , PUNCT not PART a DET prison NOUN sentence NOUN for ADP the DET other ADJ side NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 4 case case 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 case det 3 tort tort NOUN Number=Sing 4 case compound 4 case case NOUN Number=Sing 9 gets obl 5 , , PUNCT _ 4 case punct 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 winner det 7 winner winner NOUN Number=Sing 9 gets nsubj 8 usually usually ADV _ 9 gets advmod 9 gets get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 10 money money NOUN Number=Sing 9 gets obj 11 , , PUNCT _ 15 sentence punct 12 not not PART Polarity=Neg 15 sentence advmod 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 sentence det 14 prison prison NOUN Number=Sing 15 sentence compound 15 sentence sentence NOUN Number=Sing 9 gets obl 16 for for ADP _ 19 side case 17 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 19 side det 18 other other ADJ Degree=Pos 19 side amod 19 side side NOUN Number=Sing 15 sentence nmod 20 . . PUNCT _ 9 gets punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 get present the winner money a tort case a prison sentence for the other side obl ; usually property vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer money=Stimulus
Example 6 Spreading lies that harm someone's name can be a tort called defamation.
csubj obj nsubj acl:relcl nmod:poss case obj aux cop det acl xcomp punct root Spreading VERB lies NOUN that PRON harm VERB someone PRON 's PART name NOUN can AUX be AUX a DET tort NOUN called VERB defamation NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Spreading spread VERB VerbForm=Ger 11 tort csubj 2 lies lie NOUN Number=Plur 1 Spreading obj 3 that that PRON PronType=Rel 4 harm nsubj 4 harm harm VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 lies acl:relcl 5 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 7 name nmod:poss 6 's 's PART _ 5 someone case 7 name name NOUN Number=Sing 4 harm obj 8 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 11 tort aux 9 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 11 tort cop 10 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 11 tort det 11 tort tort NOUN Number=Sing root root 12 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 11 tort acl 13 defamation defamation NOUN Number=Sing 12 called xcomp 14 . . PUNCT _ 11 tort punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 spread gerund lies vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location lie=Theme 2 harm present lies someone's name vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus name=Experiencer 3 is a can Spreading a tort tree rules 4 call participle a tort not said here defamation vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 5 name someone nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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