tortoiseshell Who acts: Tortoiseshell, yellow mottled shell material, trading, pattern, all, cat · What happens: be, mottle, come, use, trade, ban · To what, where: hawksbill sea turtle, Tortoiseshell, turtles, pattern, brown look, cat
«tortoiseshell» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: tortoiseshell in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Tortoiseshell is the hard, brown-and-yellow mottled shell material that comes from the hawksbill sea turtle (not from tortoises), once used for combs, glasses frames and jewellery; trading it is now banned to protect the turtles.
The tree, 37 words nsubj cop det amod punct punct cc punct amod amod compound obl nsubj acl:relcl case det compound compound obl punct advmod case appos punct punct advmod conj case obl punct compound conj cc conj punct csubj:pass obj aux:pass advmod conj mark advcl det obj punct root Tortoiseshell NOUN is AUX the DET hard ADJ , PUNCT brown ADJ - PUNCT and CCONJ - PUNCT yellow ADJ mottled VERB shell NOUN material NOUN that PRON comes VERB from ADP the DET hawksbill NOUN sea NOUN turtle NOUN ( PUNCT not PART from ADP tortoises NOUN ) PUNCT , PUNCT once ADV used VERB for ADP combs NOUN , PUNCT glasses NOUN frames NOUN and CCONJ jewellery NOUN ; PUNCT trading VERB it PRON is AUX now ADV banned VERB to PART protect VERB the DET turtles NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Tortoiseshell tortoiseshell NOUN Number=Sing 6 brown nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 brown cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 brown det 4 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 6 brown amod 5 , , PUNCT _ 4 hard punct 6 brown brown ADJ Degree=Pos root root 7 - - PUNCT _ 13 material punct 8 and and CCONJ _ 13 material cc 9 - - PUNCT _ 8 and punct 10 yellow yellow ADJ Degree=Pos 13 material amod 11 mottled mottle VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 13 material amod 12 shell shell NOUN Number=Sing 13 material compound 13 material material NOUN Number=Sing 6 brown obl 14 that that PRON PronType=Rel 15 comes nsubj 15 comes come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 material acl:relcl 16 from from ADP _ 20 turtle case 17 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 20 turtle det 18 hawksbill hawksbill NOUN Number=Sing 20 turtle compound 19 sea sea NOUN Number=Sing 20 turtle compound 20 turtle turtle NOUN Number=Sing 15 comes obl 21 ( ( PUNCT _ 24 tortoises punct 22 not not PART Polarity=Neg 24 tortoises advmod 23 from from ADP _ 24 tortoises case 24 tortoises tortoise NOUN Number=Plur 20 turtle appos 25 ) ) PUNCT _ 24 tortoises punct 26 , , PUNCT _ 28 used punct 27 once once ADV NumForm=Word NumType=Mult 28 used advmod 28 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 15 comes conj 29 for for ADP _ 30 combs case 30 combs comb NOUN Number=Plur 28 used obl 31 , , PUNCT _ 33 frames punct 32 glasses glass NOUN Number=Plur 33 frames compound 33 frames frame NOUN Number=Plur 30 combs conj 34 and and CCONJ _ 35 jewellery cc 35 jewellery jewellery NOUN Number=Sing 30 combs conj 36 ; ; PUNCT _ 41 banned punct 37 trading trade VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 41 banned csubj:pass 38 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 37 trading obj 39 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 41 banned aux:pass 40 now now ADV PronType=Dem 41 banned advmod 41 banned ban VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 15 comes conj 42 to to PART _ 43 protect mark 43 protect protect VERB VerbForm=Inf 41 banned advcl 44 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 45 turtles det 45 turtles turtle NOUN Number=Plur 43 protect obj 46 . . PUNCT _ 6 brown punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Tortoiseshell yellow mottled shell material obl ; brown property tree rules 2 mottle participle vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme 3 come present yellow mottled shell material the hawksbill sea turtle vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from turtle=Initial_Location 4 use participle yellow mottled shell material not said here for combs and glasses frames and jewellery; once property vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 5 trade gerund Tortoiseshell vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme 6 ban present · passive trading now vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V S_ING» 7 protect to-infinitive trading not said here the turtles vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent turtle=Beneficiary
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Tortoiseshell also means a pattern or plastic copying that mottled brown and amber look: tortoiseshell glasses.
The tree, 16 words nsubj advmod det obj cc compound conj nsubj acl:relcl amod cc conj obj punct compound conj punct root Tortoiseshell NOUN also ADV means VERB a DET pattern NOUN or CCONJ plastic NOUN copying NOUN that PRON mottled VERB brown ADJ and CCONJ amber ADJ look NOUN : PUNCT tortoiseshell NOUN glasses NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Tortoiseshell tortoiseshell NOUN Number=Sing 3 means nsubj 2 also also ADV _ 3 means advmod 3 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 pattern det 5 pattern pattern NOUN Number=Sing 3 means obj 6 or or CCONJ _ 8 copying cc 7 plastic plastic NOUN Number=Sing 8 copying compound 8 copying copying NOUN Number=Sing 5 pattern conj 9 that that PRON PronType=Rel 10 mottled nsubj 10 mottled mottle VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 pattern acl:relcl 11 brown brown ADJ Degree=Pos 14 look amod 12 and and CCONJ _ 13 amber cc 13 amber amber ADJ Degree=Pos 11 brown conj 14 look look NOUN Number=Sing 10 mottled obj 15 : : PUNCT _ 17 glasses punct 16 tortoiseshell tortoiseshell NOUN Number=Sing 17 glasses compound 17 glasses glass NOUN Number=Plur 14 look conj 18 . . PUNCT _ 3 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Tortoiseshell a pattern or plastic copying vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pattern=Topic 2 mottle past a pattern or plastic copying brown look and tortoiseshell glasses vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme look=Destination
Meaning 3 A tortoiseshell is a cat with a coat patterned in black and orange (ginger) patches; almost all of them are female.
The tree, 21 words det nsubj cop det case det nmod acl case amod cc conj punct compound punct obl punct advmod nsubj case nmod cop parataxis punct root A DET tortoiseshell NOUN is AUX a DET cat NOUN with ADP a DET coat NOUN patterned VERB in ADP black ADJ and CCONJ orange ADJ ( PUNCT ginger NOUN ) PUNCT patches NOUN ; PUNCT almost ADV all DET of ADP them PRON are AUX female ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 tortoiseshell det 2 tortoiseshell tortoiseshell NOUN Number=Sing 5 cat nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 cat cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 cat det 5 cat cat NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 with with ADP _ 8 coat case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 coat det 8 coat coat NOUN Number=Sing 5 cat nmod 9 patterned pattern VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 coat acl 10 in in ADP _ 17 patches case 11 black black ADJ Degree=Pos 17 patches amod 12 and and CCONJ _ 13 orange cc 13 orange orange ADJ Degree=Pos 11 black conj 14 ( ( PUNCT _ 15 ginger punct 15 ginger ginger NOUN Number=Sing 17 patches compound 16 ) ) PUNCT _ 15 ginger punct 17 patches patch NOUN Number=Plur 9 patterned obl 18 ; ; PUNCT _ 24 female punct 19 almost almost ADV _ 20 all advmod 20 all all DET PronType=Tot 24 female nsubj 21 of of ADP _ 22 them case 22 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 20 all nmod 23 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 24 female cop 24 female female ADJ Degree=Pos 5 cat parataxis 25 . . PUNCT _ 5 cat punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a tortoiseshell a cat with a coat tree rules 2 pattern participle a coat not said here black ginger patches tree rules 3 is present all female property tree rules
Meaning 4 A tortoiseshell is also a butterfly, the small tortoiseshell, with orange, black and yellow wings.
The tree, 15 words det nsubj cop advmod det punct det amod conj punct case amod punct conj cc conj acl:relcl punct root A DET tortoiseshell NOUN is AUX also ADV a DET butterfly NOUN , PUNCT the DET small ADJ tortoiseshell NOUN , PUNCT with ADP orange ADJ , PUNCT black ADJ and CCONJ yellow ADJ wings NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 tortoiseshell det 2 tortoiseshell tortoiseshell NOUN Number=Sing 6 butterfly nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 butterfly cop 4 also also ADV _ 6 butterfly advmod 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 butterfly det 6 butterfly butterfly NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 , , PUNCT _ 10 tortoiseshell punct 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 tortoiseshell det 9 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 10 tortoiseshell amod 10 tortoiseshell tortoiseshell NOUN Number=Sing 6 butterfly conj 11 , , PUNCT _ 18 wings punct 12 with with ADP _ 18 wings case 13 orange orange ADJ Degree=Pos 18 wings amod 14 , , PUNCT _ 15 black punct 15 black black ADJ Degree=Pos 13 orange conj 16 and and CCONJ _ 17 yellow cc 17 yellow yellow ADJ Degree=Pos 13 orange conj 18 wings wing NOUN Number=Plur 6 butterfly acl:relcl 19 . . PUNCT _ 6 butterfly punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a tortoiseshell a butterfly and the small tortoiseshell tree rules
Example 1 My cat is a tortoiseshell with black and ginger patches.
nmod:poss nsubj cop det case amod cc compound nmod punct root My PRON cat NOUN is AUX a DET tortoiseshell NOUN with ADP black ADJ and CCONJ ginger NOUN patches NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 cat nmod:poss 2 cat cat NOUN Number=Sing 5 tortoiseshell nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 tortoiseshell cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 tortoiseshell det 5 tortoiseshell tortoiseshell NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 with with ADP _ 10 patches case 7 black black ADJ Degree=Pos 10 patches amod 8 and and CCONJ _ 10 patches cc 9 ginger ginger NOUN Number=Sing 10 patches compound 10 patches patch NOUN Number=Plur 5 tortoiseshell nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 tortoiseshell punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present My cat a tortoiseshell with black ginger patches tree rules
Example 2 Almost all tortoiseshell cats are female.
advmod det compound nsubj cop punct root Almost ADV all DET tortoiseshell NOUN cats NOUN are AUX female ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Almost almost ADV _ 2 all advmod 2 all all DET PronType=Tot 4 cats det 3 tortoiseshell tortoiseshell NOUN Number=Sing 4 cats compound 4 cats cat NOUN Number=Plur 6 female nsubj 5 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 female cop 6 female female ADJ Degree=Pos root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 female punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present all tortoiseshell cats female property tree rules
Example 3 Dad's glasses have tortoiseshell frames, but they are plastic.
nmod:poss case nsubj compound obj punct cc nsubj cop conj punct root Dad NOUN 's PART glasses NOUN have VERB tortoiseshell NOUN frames NOUN , PUNCT but CCONJ they PRON are AUX plastic ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Dad dad NOUN Number=Sing 3 glasses nmod:poss 2 's 's PART _ 1 Dad case 3 glasses glass NOUN Number=Plur 4 have nsubj 4 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 tortoiseshell tortoiseshell NOUN Number=Sing 6 frames compound 6 frames frame NOUN Number=Plur 4 have obj 7 , , PUNCT _ 11 plastic punct 8 but but CCONJ _ 11 plastic cc 9 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 plastic nsubj 10 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 plastic cop 11 plastic plastic ADJ Degree=Pos 4 have conj 12 . . PUNCT _ 4 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present Dad's glasses tortoiseshell frames vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent frame=Patient 2 is present glasses = glass plastic property tree rules
Example 4 Real tortoiseshell came from hawksbill turtles, which are now endangered.
amod nsubj case compound obl punct nsubj cop advmod conj punct root Real ADJ tortoiseshell NOUN came VERB from ADP hawksbill NOUN turtles NOUN , PUNCT which PRON are AUX now ADV endangered ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Real real ADJ Degree=Pos 2 tortoiseshell amod 2 tortoiseshell tortoiseshell NOUN Number=Sing 3 came nsubj 3 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 from from ADP _ 6 turtles case 5 hawksbill hawksbill NOUN Number=Sing 6 turtles compound 6 turtles turtle NOUN Number=Plur 3 came obl 7 , , PUNCT _ 11 endangered punct 8 which which PRON PronType=Rel 11 endangered nsubj 9 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 endangered cop 10 now now ADV PronType=Dem 11 endangered advmod 11 endangered endangered ADJ Degree=Pos 6 turtles conj 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 came punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come past Real tortoiseshell hawksbill turtles vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from turtle=Initial_Location 2 is present hawksbill turtles now endangered property tree rules
Example 5 A small tortoiseshell butterfly landed on the buddleia.
det amod compound nsubj case det obl punct root A DET small ADJ tortoiseshell NOUN butterfly NOUN landed VERB on ADP the DET buddleia NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 butterfly det 2 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 4 butterfly amod 3 tortoiseshell tortoiseshell NOUN Number=Sing 4 butterfly compound 4 butterfly butterfly NOUN Number=Sing 5 landed nsubj 5 landed land VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 on on ADP _ 8 buddleia case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 buddleia det 8 buddleia buddleia NOUN Number=Sing 5 landed obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 landed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 land past a small tortoiseshell butterfly the buddleia vn pocket-9.10-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent on buddleia=Destination
Example 6 The old hairbrush in the museum was made of tortoiseshell.
det amod nsubj:pass case det nmod aux:pass case obl punct root The DET old ADJ hairbrush NOUN in ADP the DET museum NOUN was AUX made VERB of ADP tortoiseshell NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 hairbrush det 2 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 3 hairbrush amod 3 hairbrush hairbrush NOUN Number=Sing 8 made nsubj:pass 4 in in ADP _ 6 museum case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 museum det 6 museum museum NOUN Number=Sing 3 hairbrush nmod 7 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 made aux:pass 8 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 9 of of ADP _ 10 tortoiseshell case 10 tortoiseshell tortoiseshell NOUN Number=Sing 8 made obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 8 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past · passive the old hairbrush in the museum of tortoiseshell vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product
Example 7 Selling real tortoiseshell is banned in most countries.
csubj:pass amod obj aux:pass case amod obl punct root Selling VERB real ADJ tortoiseshell NOUN is AUX banned VERB in ADP most ADJ countries NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Selling sell VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 5 banned csubj:pass 2 real real ADJ Degree=Pos 3 tortoiseshell amod 3 tortoiseshell tortoiseshell NOUN Number=Sing 1 Selling obj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 banned aux:pass 5 banned ban VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 in in ADP _ 8 countries case 7 most most ADJ Degree=Sup 8 countries amod 8 countries country NOUN Number=Plur 5 banned obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 banned punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sell gerund real tortoiseshell vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tortoiseshell=Theme 2 ban present · passive Selling most countries vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V S_ING»
Example 8 Next came the water-rats, dressed as pages, and lastly the frog herself, in a litter borne by eight toads, and made of tortoiseshell.
The tree, 24 words advmod det compound punct nsubj punct acl case obl punct cc conj det conj nmod:unmarked punct case det obl acl case nummod obl punct cc parataxis case obl punct root Next ADV came VERB the DET water NOUN - PUNCT rats NOUN , PUNCT dressed VERB as ADP pages NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ lastly ADJ the DET frog NOUN herself PRON , PUNCT in ADP a DET litter NOUN borne VERB by ADP eight NUM toads NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ made VERB of ADP tortoiseshell NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Next next ADV _ 2 came advmod 2 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 rats det 4 water water NOUN Number=Sing 6 rats compound 5 - - PUNCT _ 4 water punct 6 rats rat NOUN Number=Plur 2 came nsubj 7 , , PUNCT _ 8 dressed punct 8 dressed dress VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 rats acl 9 as as ADP _ 10 pages case 10 pages page NOUN Number=Plur 8 dressed obl 11 , , PUNCT _ 13 lastly punct 12 and and CCONJ _ 13 lastly cc 13 lastly lastly ADJ Degree=Pos 2 came conj 14 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 15 frog det 15 frog frog NOUN Number=Sing 13 lastly conj 16 herself herself PRON Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 15 frog nmod:unmarked 17 , , PUNCT _ 20 litter punct 18 in in ADP _ 20 litter case 19 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 20 litter det 20 litter litter NOUN Number=Sing 2 came obl 21 borne bear VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 20 litter acl 22 by by ADP _ 24 toads case 23 eight eight NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 24 toads nummod 24 toads toad NOUN Number=Plur 21 borne obl 25 , , PUNCT _ 27 made punct 26 and and CCONJ _ 27 made cc 27 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 came parataxis 28 of of ADP _ 29 tortoiseshell case 29 tortoiseshell tortoiseshell NOUN Number=Sing 27 made obl 30 . . PUNCT _ 2 came punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 come past the water rats a litter next property vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in litter=Location 2 dress participle the water rats not said here as pages vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 bear participle a litter not said here by eight toads vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer 4 make participle of tortoiseshell vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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