trace Who acts: it, trace, you, Little children, police, boat · What happens: trace, be, draw, come, go, follow · To what, where: picture, lines, something, signs, small amount, mark · Speech: someone speaks here
«trace» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: trace in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To trace a picture is to copy it by drawing over its lines through thin paper.
The tree, 16 words mark advcl det obj cop mark obj mark advcl case nmod:poss obl case amod obl punct root To PART trace VERB a DET picture NOUN is AUX to PART copy VERB it PRON by SCONJ drawing VERB over ADP its PRON lines NOUN through ADP thin ADJ paper NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 trace mark 2 trace trace VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 copy advcl 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 picture det 4 picture picture NOUN Number=Sing 2 trace obj 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 copy cop 6 to to PART _ 7 copy mark 7 copy copy VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 8 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 copy obj 9 by by SCONJ _ 10 drawing mark 10 drawing draw VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 7 copy advcl 11 over over ADP _ 13 lines case 12 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 13 lines nmod:poss 13 lines line NOUN Number=Plur 10 drawing obl 14 through through ADP _ 16 paper case 15 thin thin ADJ Degree=Pos 16 paper amod 16 paper paper NOUN Number=Sing 10 drawing obl 17 . . PUNCT _ 7 copy punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 trace to-infinitive a picture vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent picture=Theme 2 is present copy property tree rules 3 draw gerund picture's lines through thin paper vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To trace something is to find where it came from or where it went by following signs.
The tree, 17 words mark advcl obj cop mark advmod nsubj ccomp obl cc advmod nsubj conj mark advcl obj punct root To PART trace VERB something PRON is AUX to PART find VERB where ADV it PRON came VERB from ADP or CCONJ where ADV it PRON went VERB by SCONJ following VERB signs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 trace mark 2 trace trace VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 find advcl 3 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 trace obj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 find cop 5 to to PART _ 6 find mark 6 find find VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 7 where where ADV PronType=Rel 9 came advmod 8 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 came nsubj 9 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 find ccomp 10 from from ADP _ 9 came obl 11 or or CCONJ _ 14 went cc 12 where where ADV PronType=Rel 14 went advmod 13 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 14 went nsubj 14 went go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 came conj 15 by by SCONJ _ 16 following mark 16 following follow VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 14 went advcl 17 signs sign NOUN Number=Plur 16 following obj 18 . . PUNCT _ 6 find punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 trace to-infinitive something vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Theme 2 is present find property tree rules 3 come past it vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 4 go past it vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 5 follow gerund signs vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sign=Theme
Meaning 3 A trace is a very small amount or mark left behind.
det nsubj cop det advmod amod cc conj acl advmod punct root A DET trace NOUN is AUX a DET very ADV small ADJ amount NOUN or CCONJ mark NOUN left VERB behind ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 trace det 2 trace trace NOUN Number=Sing 7 amount nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 amount cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 amount det 5 very very ADV _ 6 small advmod 6 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 7 amount amod 7 amount amount NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 or or CCONJ _ 9 mark cc 9 mark mark NOUN Number=Sing 7 amount conj 10 left leave VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 9 mark acl 11 behind behind ADV _ 10 left advmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 7 amount punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a trace a small amount or mark tree rules 2 leave behind participle mark not said here behind property vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Meaning 4 To trace a line or shape is to draw it or follow it with your finger.
The tree, 16 words mark advcl det obj cc conj cop mark obj cc conj obj case nmod:poss obl punct root To PART trace VERB a DET line NOUN or CCONJ shape NOUN is AUX to PART draw VERB it PRON or CCONJ follow VERB it PRON with ADP your PRON finger NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 trace mark 2 trace trace VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 draw advcl 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 line det 4 line line NOUN Number=Sing 2 trace obj 5 or or CCONJ _ 6 shape cc 6 shape shape NOUN Number=Sing 4 line conj 7 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 draw cop 8 to to PART _ 9 draw mark 9 draw draw VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 10 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 draw obj 11 or or CCONJ _ 12 follow cc 12 follow follow VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 9 draw conj 13 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 follow obj 14 with with ADP _ 16 finger case 15 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 16 finger nmod:poss 16 finger finger NOUN Number=Sing 12 follow obl 17 . . PUNCT _ 9 draw punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 trace to-infinitive a line or shape vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent line=Theme 2 is present draw property tree rules 3 follow infinitive shape with your finger vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme
Example 1 Trace the map onto the thin paper.
det obj case det amod obl punct root Trace VERB the DET map NOUN onto ADP the DET thin ADJ paper NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Trace trace VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 map det 3 map map NOUN Number=Sing 1 Trace obj 4 onto onto ADP _ 7 paper case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 paper det 6 thin thin ADJ Degree=Pos 7 paper amod 7 paper paper NOUN Number=Sing 1 Trace obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Trace punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 trace imperative you not said here the map the thin paper vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent map=Theme
Example 2 Little children trace the dotted letters to learn to write.
amod nsubj det amod obj mark advcl mark xcomp punct root Little ADJ children NOUN trace VERB the DET dotted VERB letters NOUN to PART learn VERB to PART write VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Little little ADJ Degree=Pos 2 children amod 2 children child NOUN Number=Plur 3 trace nsubj 3 trace trace VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 letters det 5 dotted dot VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 letters amod 6 letters letter NOUN Number=Plur 3 trace obj 7 to to PART _ 8 learn mark 8 learn learn VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 trace advcl 9 to to PART _ 10 write mark 10 write write VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 learn xcomp 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 trace punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 trace present Little children the dotted letters vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent letter=Theme 2 dot participle vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme 3 learn to-infinitive Little children not said here vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 4 write to-infinitive Little children not said here vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 3 The police traced the stolen bike to a shop in town.
det nsubj det amod obj case det obl case obl punct root The DET police NOUN traced VERB the DET stolen VERB bike NOUN to ADP a DET shop NOUN in ADP town NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 police det 2 police police NOUN Number=Plur 3 traced nsubj 3 traced trace VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 bike det 5 stolen steal VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 bike amod 6 bike bike NOUN Number=Sing 3 traced obj 7 to to ADP _ 9 shop case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 shop det 9 shop shop NOUN Number=Sing 3 traced obl 10 in in ADP _ 11 town case 11 town town NOUN Number=Sing 3 traced obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 traced punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 trace past the police the stolen bike town to a shop vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent bike=Theme in town=Destination 2 steal participle vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 4 The boat disappeared without a trace.
det nsubj case det obl punct root The DET boat NOUN disappeared VERB without ADP a DET trace NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 boat det 2 boat boat NOUN Number=Sing 3 disappeared nsubj 3 disappeared disappear VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 without without ADP _ 6 trace case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 trace det 6 trace trace NOUN Number=Sing 3 disappeared obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 disappeared punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 disappear past the boat without a trace vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 5 There was a trace of chocolate on his chin.
expl det nsubj case nmod case nmod:poss nmod punct root There PRON was VERB a DET trace NOUN of ADP chocolate NOUN on ADP his PRON chin NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 There there PRON PronType=Dem 2 was expl 2 was be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 trace det 4 trace trace NOUN Number=Sing 2 was nsubj 5 of of ADP _ 6 chocolate case 6 chocolate chocolate NOUN Number=Sing 4 trace nmod 7 on on ADP _ 9 chin case 8 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 chin nmod:poss 9 chin chin NOUN Number=Sing 6 chocolate nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 was punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 be past a trace of chocolate on trace's chin there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 6 Trace the path through the maze with your finger.
det obj case det obl case nmod:poss nmod punct root Trace VERB the DET path NOUN through ADP the DET maze NOUN with ADP your PRON finger NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Trace trace VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 path det 3 path path NOUN Number=Sing 1 Trace obj 4 through through ADP _ 6 maze case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 maze det 6 maze maze NOUN Number=Sing 1 Trace obl 7 with with ADP _ 9 finger case 8 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 finger nmod:poss 9 finger finger NOUN Number=Sing 6 maze nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 1 Trace punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 trace imperative you not said here the path the maze with your finger vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent path=Theme
Example 7 We traced our family back to Ireland.
nsubj nmod:poss obj advmod case obl punct root We PRON traced VERB our PRON family NOUN back ADV to ADP Ireland PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 traced nsubj 2 traced trace VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 family nmod:poss 4 family family NOUN Number=Sing 2 traced obj 5 back back ADV _ 2 traced advmod 6 to to ADP _ 7 Ireland case 7 Ireland Ireland PROPN Number=Sing 5 back obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 traced punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 trace past We our family vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent family=Theme
Example 8 The water had a trace of salt in it.
det nsubj det obj case nmod case nmod punct root The DET water NOUN had VERB a DET trace NOUN of ADP salt NOUN in ADP it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 water det 2 water water NOUN Number=Sing 3 had nsubj 3 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 trace det 5 trace trace NOUN Number=Sing 3 had obj 6 of of ADP _ 7 salt case 7 salt salt NOUN Number=Sing 5 trace nmod 8 in in ADP _ 9 it case 9 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 salt nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 had punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past the water a trace of salt in salt vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trace=Patient
Example 9 Not a trace of him was to be found!
advmod det nsubj:pass case nmod aux:pass mark aux:pass punct root Not PART a DET trace NOUN of ADP him PRON was AUX to PART be AUX found VERB ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Not not PART Polarity=Neg 3 trace advmod 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 trace det 3 trace trace NOUN Number=Sing 9 found nsubj:pass 4 of of ADP _ 5 him case 5 him he PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 trace nmod 6 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 9 found aux:pass 7 to to PART _ 9 found mark 8 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 9 found aux:pass 9 found find VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 10 ! ! PUNCT _ 9 found punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 find past · passive a trace of him vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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