toy Who acts: toy, children, Sam, He, shop, you · What happens: be, play, describe, model, think, have · To what, where: thing, small model, real thing, 18 toys, 4 dollars, 5 toys
«toy» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: toy in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A toy is a thing children play with, like a doll, a ball, a teddy or a toy car.
The tree, 19 words det nsubj cop det nsubj acl:relcl obl punct case det conj punct det appos punct det parataxis cc det compound conj punct root A DET toy NOUN is AUX a DET thing NOUN children NOUN play VERB with ADP , PUNCT like ADP a DET doll NOUN , PUNCT a DET ball NOUN , PUNCT a DET teddy NOUN or CCONJ a DET toy NOUN car NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 toy det 2 toy toy NOUN Number=Sing 5 thing nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 thing cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 thing det 5 thing thing NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 children child NOUN Number=Plur 7 play nsubj 7 play play VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 thing acl:relcl 8 with with ADP _ 7 play obl 9 , , PUNCT _ 12 doll punct 10 like like ADP _ 12 doll case 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 doll det 12 doll doll NOUN Number=Sing 5 thing conj 13 , , PUNCT _ 15 ball punct 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 ball det 15 ball ball NOUN Number=Sing 12 doll appos 16 , , PUNCT _ 18 teddy punct 17 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 18 teddy det 18 teddy teddy NOUN Number=Sing 5 thing parataxis 19 or or CCONJ _ 22 car cc 20 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 22 car det 21 toy toy NOUN Number=Sing 22 car compound 22 car car NOUN Number=Sing 18 teddy conj 23 . . PUNCT _ 5 thing punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a toy a thing and a doll tree rules 2 play present children a thing and a doll not said here vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Toy can describe a small model of a real thing: a toy train.
The tree, 13 words nsubj aux det amod obj case det amod nmod punct det compound obl punct root Toy NOUN can AUX describe VERB a DET small ADJ model NOUN of ADP a DET real ADJ thing NOUN : PUNCT a DET toy NOUN train NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Toy toy NOUN Number=Sing 3 describe nsubj 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 describe aux 3 describe describe VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 model det 5 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 6 model amod 6 model model NOUN Number=Sing 3 describe obj 7 of of ADP _ 10 thing case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 thing det 9 real real ADJ Degree=Pos 10 thing amod 10 thing thing NOUN Number=Sing 6 model nmod 11 : : PUNCT _ 14 train punct 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 train det 13 toy toy NOUN Number=Sing 14 train compound 14 train train NOUN Number=Sing 3 describe obl 15 . . PUNCT _ 3 describe punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 describe can Toy a small model of a real thing a toy train obl vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent model=Theme 2 model a real thing nom model «cognition transitive»: of=patient
Meaning 3 To toy with something is to play with it without much care or to think about an idea not very seriously.
The tree, 21 words mark nsubj case nmod cop mark case obl case amod obl cc mark conj case det obl advmod advmod advmod punct root To PART toy NOUN with ADP something PRON is AUX to PART play VERB with ADP it PRON without ADP much ADJ care NOUN or CCONJ to PART think VERB about ADP an DET idea NOUN not PART very ADV seriously ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 toy mark 2 toy toy NOUN Number=Sing 7 play nsubj 3 with with ADP _ 4 something case 4 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 toy nmod 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 play cop 6 to to PART _ 7 play mark 7 play play VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 8 with with ADP _ 9 it case 9 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 play obl 10 without without ADP _ 12 care case 11 much much ADJ Degree=Pos 12 care amod 12 care care NOUN Number=Sing 7 play obl 13 or or CCONJ _ 15 think cc 14 to to PART _ 15 think mark 15 think think VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 play conj 16 about about ADP _ 18 idea case 17 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 18 idea det 18 idea idea NOUN Number=Sing 15 think obl 19 not not PART Polarity=Neg 21 seriously advmod 20 very very ADV _ 21 seriously advmod 21 seriously seriously ADV _ 15 think advmod 22 . . PUNCT _ 7 play punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present toy with something with it; without much care; play property tree rules 2 think speech: other to-infinitive toy with something not said here about a idea; seriously property vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about idea=Topic
Example 1 Sam has 18 toys.
nsubj nummod obj punct root Sam PROPN has VERB 18 NUM toys NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sam Sam PROPN Number=Sing 2 has nsubj 2 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 18 18 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 toys nummod 4 toys toy NOUN Number=Plur 2 has obj 5 . . PUNCT _ 2 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present Sam 18 toys vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent toy=Patient
Example 2 Each toy costs 4 dollars.
det nsubj nummod obj punct root Each DET toy NOUN costs VERB 4 NUM dollars NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Each each DET PronType=Tot 2 toy det 2 toy toy NOUN Number=Sing 3 costs nsubj 3 costs cost VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 4 4 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 dollars nummod 5 dollars dollar NOUN Number=Plur 3 costs obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 costs punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cost present each toy 4 dollars vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme dollar=Value
Example 3 He gave 5 toys to his sister.
nsubj nummod obj case nmod:poss obl punct root He PRON gave VERB 5 NUM toys NOUN to ADP his PRON sister NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 gave nsubj 2 gave give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 5 5 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 4 toys nummod 4 toys toy NOUN Number=Plur 2 gave obj 5 to to ADP _ 7 sister case 6 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 sister nmod:poss 7 sister sister NOUN Number=Sing 2 gave obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 gave punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give past He 5 toys his sister vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent toy=Theme to sister=Recipient
Example 4 The shop sold 30 toys on Saturday.
det nsubj nummod obj case obl punct root The DET shop NOUN sold VERB 30 NUM toys NOUN on ADP Saturday PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 shop det 2 shop shop NOUN Number=Sing 3 sold nsubj 3 sold sell VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 30 30 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 toys nummod 5 toys toy NOUN Number=Plur 3 sold obj 6 on on ADP _ 7 Saturday case 7 Saturday Saturday PROPN Number=Sing 3 sold obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 sold punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sell past the shop 30 toys saturday vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent toy=Theme
Example 5 Please put your toys back in the toy box.
discourse nmod:poss obj advmod case det compound obl punct root Please INTJ put VERB your PRON toys NOUN back ADV in ADP the DET toy NOUN box NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Please please INTJ _ 2 put discourse 2 put put VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 3 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 toys nmod:poss 4 toys toy NOUN Number=Plur 2 put obj 5 back back ADV _ 2 put advmod 6 in in ADP _ 9 box case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 box det 8 toy toy NOUN Number=Sing 9 box compound 9 box box NOUN Number=Sing 2 put obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 put punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 put back imperative you not said here your toys the toy box vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent toy=Theme in box=Destination
Example 6 We gave our old toys to the charity shop.
nsubj nmod:poss amod obj case det compound obl punct root We PRON gave VERB our PRON old ADJ toys NOUN to ADP the DET charity NOUN shop NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 gave nsubj 2 gave give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 toys nmod:poss 4 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 5 toys amod 5 toys toy NOUN Number=Plur 2 gave obj 6 to to ADP _ 9 shop case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 shop det 8 charity charity NOUN Number=Sing 9 shop compound 9 shop shop NOUN Number=Sing 2 gave obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 gave punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give past We our old toys the charity shop vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent toy=Theme to shop=Recipient
Example 7 Keep small toys away from the baby.
amod obj advmod case det obl punct root Keep VERB small ADJ toys NOUN away ADV from ADP the DET baby NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Keep keep VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 3 toys amod 3 toys toy NOUN Number=Plur 1 Keep obj 4 away away ADV _ 1 Keep advmod 5 from from ADP _ 7 baby case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 baby det 7 baby baby NOUN Number=Sing 4 away obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Keep punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 keep imperative you not said here small toys away property vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent toy=Theme
Example 8 She toyed with her food because she wasn't hungry.
nsubj case nmod:poss obl mark nsubj cop advmod advcl punct root She PRON toyed VERB with ADP her PRON food NOUN because SCONJ she PRON was AUX n't PART hungry ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 toyed nsubj 2 toyed toy VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 with with ADP _ 5 food case 4 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 food nmod:poss 5 food food NOUN Number=Sing 2 toyed obl 6 because because SCONJ _ 10 hungry mark 7 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 hungry nsubj 8 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 10 hungry cop 9 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 10 hungry advmod 10 hungry hungry ADJ Degree=Pos 2 toyed advcl 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 toyed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 toy past She with her food vn trifle-105.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent with food=Theme 2 not is past she hungry property tree rules
Example 9 Then the toys began to play at visiting, dancing, and fighting.
advmod det nsubj mark xcomp case obl punct conj punct cc parataxis punct root Then ADV the DET toys NOUN began VERB to PART play VERB at ADP visiting NOUN , PUNCT dancing NOUN , PUNCT and CCONJ fighting NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Then then ADV PronType=Dem 4 began advmod 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 toys det 3 toys toy NOUN Number=Plur 4 began nsubj 4 began begin VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 to to PART _ 6 play mark 6 play play VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 began xcomp 7 at at ADP _ 8 visiting case 8 visiting visiting NOUN Number=Sing 6 play obl 9 , , PUNCT _ 10 dancing punct 10 dancing dancing NOUN Number=Sing 8 visiting conj 11 , , PUNCT _ 13 fighting punct 12 and and CCONJ _ 13 fighting cc 13 fighting fighting NOUN Number=Sing 4 began parataxis 14 . . PUNCT _ 4 began punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 begin past the toys then vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 2 play to-infinitive the toys not said here visiting and dancing vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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