toxin Who acts: toxin, one, frogs, Bee stings, bacteria, puffer fish · What happens: be, make, have, contain, cause, stop · To what, where: poison, toxins, skin, mild toxin, toxin, food poisoning
«toxin» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: toxin in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A toxin is a poison, especially one made by a living thing such as a plant, animal, fungus or germ.
The tree, 20 words det nsubj cop det punct advmod nsubj acl:relcl case det compound obl case fixed det nmod punct appos punct appos cc conj punct root A DET toxin NOUN is AUX a DET poison NOUN , PUNCT especially ADV one NUM made VERB by ADP a DET living NOUN thing NOUN such ADJ as ADP a DET plant NOUN , PUNCT animal NOUN , PUNCT fungus NOUN or CCONJ germ NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 toxin det 2 toxin toxin NOUN Number=Sing 5 poison nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 poison cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 poison det 5 poison poison NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 , , PUNCT _ 9 made punct 7 especially especially ADV _ 8 one advmod 8 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 9 made nsubj 9 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 poison acl:relcl 10 by by ADP _ 13 thing case 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 thing det 12 living living NOUN Number=Sing 13 thing compound 13 thing thing NOUN Number=Sing 9 made obl 14 such such ADJ Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP 17 plant case 15 as as ADP _ 14 such fixed 16 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 plant det 17 plant plant NOUN Number=Sing 13 thing nmod 18 , , PUNCT _ 19 animal punct 19 animal animal NOUN Number=Sing 17 plant appos 20 , , PUNCT _ 21 fungus punct 21 fungus fungus NOUN Number=Sing 17 plant appos 22 or or CCONJ _ 23 germ cc 23 germ germ NOUN Number=Sing 21 fungus conj 24 . . PUNCT _ 5 poison punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a toxin a poison tree rules 2 make participle one a poison not said here by a living thing such a plant vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset poison=Product
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Example 1 Some frogs have toxins in their skin.
det nsubj obj case nmod:poss obl punct root Some DET frogs NOUN have VERB toxins NOUN in ADP their PRON skin NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Some some DET PronType=Ind 2 frogs det 2 frogs frog NOUN Number=Plur 3 have nsubj 3 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 toxins toxin NOUN Number=Plur 3 have obj 5 in in ADP _ 7 skin case 6 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 skin nmod:poss 7 skin skin NOUN Number=Sing 3 have obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present some frogs toxins frogs's skin vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent toxin=Patient
Example 2 Bee stings contain a mild toxin.
compound nsubj det amod obj punct root Bee NOUN stings NOUN contain VERB a DET mild ADJ toxin NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Bee bee NOUN Number=Sing 2 stings compound 2 stings sting NOUN Number=Plur 3 contain nsubj 3 contain contain VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 toxin det 5 mild mild ADJ Degree=Pos 6 toxin amod 6 toxin toxin NOUN Number=Sing 3 contain obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 contain punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 contain present Bee stings a mild toxin vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot toxin=Theme
Example 3 The bacteria made a toxin that caused food poisoning.
det nsubj det obj nsubj acl:relcl compound obj punct root The DET bacteria NOUN made VERB a DET toxin NOUN that PRON caused VERB food NOUN poisoning NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 bacteria det 2 bacteria bacterium NOUN Number=Plur 3 made nsubj 3 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 toxin det 5 toxin toxin NOUN Number=Sing 3 made obj 6 that that PRON PronType=Rel 7 caused nsubj 7 caused cause VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 toxin acl:relcl 8 food food NOUN Number=Sing 9 poisoning compound 9 poisoning poisoning NOUN Number=Sing 7 caused obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past the bacteria a toxin vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset toxin=Product 2 cause past a toxin food poisoning vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition poisoning=Patient
Example 4 The puffer fish has a deadly toxin.
det compound nsubj det amod obj punct root The DET puffer NOUN fish NOUN has VERB a DET deadly ADJ toxin NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 fish det 2 puffer puffer NOUN Number=Sing 3 fish compound 3 fish fish NOUN Number=Sing 4 has nsubj 4 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 toxin det 6 deadly deadly ADJ Degree=Pos 7 toxin amod 7 toxin toxin NOUN Number=Sing 4 has obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present the puffer fish a deadly toxin vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent toxin=Patient
Example 5 Plants make toxins to stop animals eating them.
nsubj obj mark xcomp obj acl obj punct root Plants NOUN make VERB toxins NOUN to PART stop VERB animals NOUN eating VERB them PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Plants plant NOUN Number=Plur 2 make nsubj 2 make make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 toxins toxin NOUN Number=Plur 2 make obj 4 to to PART _ 5 stop mark 5 stop stop VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 make xcomp 6 animals animal NOUN Number=Plur 5 stop obj 7 eating eat VERB VerbForm=Ger 6 animals acl 8 them they PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 eating obj 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 make punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make present Plants toxins tree rules 2 stop to-infinitive toxins not said here animals vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality animal=Eventuality 3 eat gerund animals not said here animals = animal vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient
Example 6 The liver cleans toxins from the blood.
det nsubj obj case det obl punct root The DET liver NOUN cleans VERB toxins NOUN from ADP the DET blood NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 liver det 2 liver liver NOUN Number=Sing 3 cleans nsubj 3 cleans clean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 toxins toxin NOUN Number=Plur 3 cleans obj 5 from from ADP _ 7 blood case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 blood det 7 blood blood NOUN Number=Sing 3 cleans obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 cleans punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 clean present the liver toxins the blood vn clear-10.3 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent toxin=Theme from blood=Source
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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