traction Who acts: Traction, grip, shoe, engine, hospital traction, that · What happens: be, stop, slip, pull, use, move · To what, where: grip, wheel, surface, pulling force, something, train
«traction» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: traction in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Traction is the grip that stops a wheel, shoe or tyre from slipping on a surface.
The tree, 16 words nsubj cop det nsubj acl:relcl det obj punct conj cc conj mark acl case det obl punct root Traction NOUN is AUX the DET grip NOUN that PRON stops VERB a DET wheel NOUN , PUNCT shoe NOUN or CCONJ tyre NOUN from SCONJ slipping VERB on ADP a DET surface NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Traction traction NOUN Number=Sing 4 grip nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 grip cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 grip det 4 grip grip NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 that that PRON PronType=Rel 6 stops nsubj 6 stops stop VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 grip acl:relcl 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 wheel det 8 wheel wheel NOUN Number=Sing 6 stops obj 9 , , PUNCT _ 10 shoe punct 10 shoe shoe NOUN Number=Sing 4 grip conj 11 or or CCONJ _ 12 tyre cc 12 tyre tyre NOUN Number=Sing 10 shoe conj 13 from from SCONJ _ 14 slipping mark 14 slipping slip VERB VerbForm=Ger 10 shoe acl 15 on on ADP _ 17 surface case 16 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 surface det 17 surface surface NOUN Number=Sing 14 slipping obl 18 . . PUNCT _ 4 grip punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Traction the grip and shoe or tyre tree rules 2 stop present the grip and shoe or tyre a wheel vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality wheel=Eventuality 3 slip gerund shoe or tyre not said here a surface vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Traction is the pulling force used to move something along, like an engine pulling a train.
The tree, 16 words nsubj cop det amod acl mark advcl obj advmod punct case det obl acl det obj punct root Traction NOUN is AUX the DET pulling VERB force NOUN used VERB to PART move VERB something PRON along ADV , PUNCT like ADP an DET engine NOUN pulling VERB a DET train NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Traction traction NOUN Number=Sing 5 force nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 force cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 force det 4 pulling pull VERB VerbForm=Ger 5 force amod 5 force force NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 force acl 7 to to PART _ 8 move mark 8 move move VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 used advcl 9 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 8 move obj 10 along along ADV _ 8 move advmod 11 , , PUNCT _ 14 engine punct 12 like like ADP _ 14 engine case 13 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 engine det 14 engine engine NOUN Number=Sing 8 move obl 15 pulling pull VERB VerbForm=Ger 14 engine acl 16 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 train det 17 train train NOUN Number=Sing 15 pulling obj 18 . . PUNCT _ 5 force punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 pull gerund vn slide-11.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 is a present Traction the pulling force tree rules 3 use participle the pulling force not said here vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 4 move to-infinitive something like a engine; along property vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent something=Theme 5 pull gerund a engine not said here a train vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent train=Theme
Meaning 3 In hospital, traction is a set of weights and pulleys that gently pulls a broken bone or injured back into the right place.
The tree, 23 words case compound punct nsubj cop det case nmod cc conj nsubj advmod parataxis det amod obj cc conj advmod case det amod obl punct root In ADP hospital NOUN , PUNCT traction NOUN is AUX a DET set NOUN of ADP weights NOUN and CCONJ pulleys NOUN that PRON gently ADV pulls VERB a DET broken VERB bone NOUN or CCONJ injured VERB back ADV into ADP the DET right ADJ place NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 hospital case 2 hospital hospital NOUN Number=Sing 4 traction compound 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 hospital punct 4 traction traction NOUN Number=Sing 7 set nsubj 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 set cop 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 set det 7 set set NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 of of ADP _ 9 weights case 9 weights weight NOUN Number=Plur 7 set nmod 10 and and CCONJ _ 11 pulleys cc 11 pulleys pulley NOUN Number=Plur 9 weights conj 12 that that PRON PronType=Rel 14 pulls nsubj 13 gently gently ADV _ 14 pulls advmod 14 pulls pull VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 set parataxis 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 bone det 16 broken break VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 17 bone amod 17 bone bone NOUN Number=Sing 14 pulls obj 18 or or CCONJ _ 19 injured cc 19 injured injure VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 17 bone conj 20 back back ADV _ 19 injured advmod 21 into into ADP _ 24 place case 22 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 24 place det 23 right right ADJ Degree=Pos 24 place amod 24 place place NOUN Number=Sing 19 injured obl 25 . . PUNCT _ 7 set punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present hospital traction a set of weights and pulleys tree rules 2 pull present that a broken bone gently property vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bone=Theme 3 break participle vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient 4 injure back participle that not said here the right place tree rules
Meaning 4 Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.
An idea or plan gains traction when more and more people start to support it.
The tree, 15 words det nsubj cc conj obj mark amod cc conj nsubj advcl mark xcomp obj punct root An DET idea NOUN or CCONJ plan NOUN gains VERB traction NOUN when SCONJ more ADJ and CCONJ more ADJ people NOUN start VERB to PART support VERB it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 idea det 2 idea idea NOUN Number=Sing 5 gains nsubj 3 or or CCONJ _ 4 plan cc 4 plan plan NOUN Number=Sing 2 idea conj 5 gains gain VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 traction traction NOUN Number=Sing 5 gains obj 7 when when SCONJ _ 12 start mark 8 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp 11 people amod 9 and and CCONJ _ 10 more cc 10 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp 8 more conj 11 people people NOUN Number=Plur 12 start nsubj 12 start start VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 gains advcl 13 to to PART _ 14 support mark 14 support support VERB VerbForm=Inf 12 start xcomp 15 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 14 support obj 16 . . PUNCT _ 5 gains punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 gain present a idea or plan traction vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent traction=Theme 2 start present more people vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 3 support to-infinitive more people not said here traction vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus
Example 1 My trainers have good traction on the gym floor.
nmod:poss nsubj amod obj case det compound obl punct root My PRON trainers NOUN have VERB good ADJ traction NOUN on ADP the DET gym NOUN floor NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 trainers nmod:poss 2 trainers trainer NOUN Number=Plur 3 have nsubj 3 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 good good ADJ Degree=Pos 5 traction amod 5 traction traction NOUN Number=Sing 3 have obj 6 on on ADP _ 9 floor case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 floor det 8 gym gym NOUN Number=Sing 9 floor compound 9 floor floor NOUN Number=Sing 3 have obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 3 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present My trainers good traction the gym floor vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent traction=Patient
Example 2 The car lost traction on the icy road and slid.
det nsubj obj case det amod obl cc conj punct root The DET car NOUN lost VERB traction NOUN on ADP the DET icy ADJ road NOUN and CCONJ slid VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 car det 2 car car NOUN Number=Sing 3 lost nsubj 3 lost lose VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 traction traction NOUN Number=Sing 3 lost obj 5 on on ADP _ 8 road case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 road det 7 icy icy ADJ Degree=Pos 8 road amod 8 road road NOUN Number=Sing 3 lost obl 9 and and CCONJ _ 10 slid cc 10 slid slide VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 lost conj 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 lost punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 lose past the car traction the icy road vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent traction=Eventuality 2 slide past the car not said here vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 3 Put sand on the ice to give the wheels more traction.
obj case det obl mark advcl det obj amod obj punct root Put VERB sand NOUN on ADP the DET ice NOUN to PART give VERB the DET wheels NOUN more ADJ traction NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Put put VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 sand sand NOUN Number=Sing 1 Put obj 3 on on ADP _ 5 ice case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 ice det 5 ice ice NOUN Number=Sing 1 Put obl 6 to to PART _ 7 give mark 7 give give VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Put advcl 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 wheels det 9 wheels wheel NOUN Number=Plur 7 give obj 10 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp 11 traction amod 11 traction traction NOUN Number=Sing 7 give obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 1 Put punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 put imperative you not said here sand the ice vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent sand=Theme on ice=Destination 2 give to-infinitive you not said here the wheels vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent wheel=Recipient traction=Theme
Example 4 Steam engines gave the traction that pulled the first trains.
compound nsubj det obj nsubj acl:relcl det amod obj punct root Steam NOUN engines NOUN gave VERB the DET traction NOUN that PRON pulled VERB the DET first ADJ trains NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Steam steam NOUN Number=Sing 2 engines compound 2 engines engine NOUN Number=Plur 3 gave nsubj 3 gave give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 traction det 5 traction traction NOUN Number=Sing 3 gave obj 6 that that PRON PronType=Rel 7 pulled nsubj 7 pulled pull VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 traction acl:relcl 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 trains det 9 first first ADJ Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord 10 trains amod 10 trains train NOUN Number=Plur 7 pulled obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 gave punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give past Steam engines the traction vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent traction=Theme 2 pull past the traction the first trains vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent train=Theme
Example 5 After the fall, Grandad's leg was in traction for two weeks.
case det obl punct nmod:poss case nsubj cop case case nummod nmod punct root After ADP the DET fall NOUN , PUNCT Grandad PROPN 's PART leg NOUN was AUX in ADP traction NOUN for ADP two NUM weeks NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 After after ADP _ 3 fall case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 fall det 3 fall fall NOUN Number=Sing 10 traction obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 fall punct 5 Grandad Grandad PROPN Number=Sing 7 leg nmod:poss 6 's 's PART _ 5 Grandad case 7 leg leg NOUN Number=Sing 10 traction nsubj 8 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 10 traction cop 9 in in ADP _ 10 traction case 10 traction traction NOUN Number=Sing root root 11 for for ADP _ 13 weeks case 12 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 13 weeks nummod 13 weeks week NOUN Number=Plur 10 traction nmod 14 . . PUNCT _ 10 traction punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past Grandad's leg traction after the fall; week tree rules
Example 6 The idea of a longer lunch break gained traction with the whole class.
det nsubj case det amod compound nmod obj case det amod obl punct root The DET idea NOUN of ADP a DET longer ADJ lunch NOUN break NOUN gained VERB traction NOUN with ADP the DET whole ADJ class NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 idea det 2 idea idea NOUN Number=Sing 8 gained nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 7 break case 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 break det 5 longer long ADJ Degree=Cmp 7 break amod 6 lunch lunch NOUN Number=Sing 7 break compound 7 break break NOUN Number=Sing 2 idea nmod 8 gained gain VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 9 traction traction NOUN Number=Sing 8 gained obj 10 with with ADP _ 13 class case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 class det 12 whole whole ADJ Degree=Pos 13 class amod 13 class class NOUN Number=Sing 8 gained obl 14 . . PUNCT _ 8 gained punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 gain past the idea of a longer lunch break traction with the whole class vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent traction=Theme
Example 7 Mud gives bike tyres very little traction.
nsubj compound obj advmod amod obj punct root Mud NOUN gives VERB bike NOUN tyres NOUN very ADV little ADJ traction NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mud mud NOUN Number=Sing 2 gives nsubj 2 gives give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 bike bike NOUN Number=Sing 4 tyres compound 4 tyres tyre NOUN Number=Plur 2 gives obj 5 very very ADV _ 6 little advmod 6 little little ADJ Degree=Pos 7 traction amod 7 traction traction NOUN Number=Sing 2 gives obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 gives punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give present Mud bike tyres vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent tyre=Recipient traction=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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