trough Who acts: trough, long narrow open box, long area, pigs, horse, boat · What happens: be, hold, bring, have, mean, take · To what, where: long narrow open box, water, low point, long area, rain, low time · Speech: someone speaks here
«trough» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: trough in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A trough is a long narrow open box that holds water or food for farm animals like pigs, cows or horses.
The tree, 21 words det nsubj cop det amod amod amod nsubj acl:relcl obj cc conj case compound obl case nmod punct conj cc conj punct root A DET trough NOUN is AUX a DET long ADJ narrow ADJ open ADJ box NOUN that PRON holds VERB water NOUN or CCONJ food NOUN for ADP farm NOUN animals NOUN like ADP pigs NOUN , PUNCT cows NOUN or CCONJ horses NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 trough det 2 trough trough NOUN Number=Sing 8 box nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 box cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 box det 5 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 8 box amod 6 narrow narrow ADJ Degree=Pos 8 box amod 7 open open ADJ Degree=Pos 8 box amod 8 box box NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 that that PRON PronType=Rel 10 holds nsubj 10 holds hold VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 box acl:relcl 11 water water NOUN Number=Sing 10 holds obj 12 or or CCONJ _ 13 food cc 13 food food NOUN Number=Sing 11 water conj 14 for for ADP _ 16 animals case 15 farm farm NOUN Number=Sing 16 animals compound 16 animals animal NOUN Number=Plur 10 holds obl 17 like like ADP _ 18 pigs case 18 pigs pig NOUN Number=Plur 16 animals nmod 19 , , PUNCT _ 20 cows punct 20 cows cow NOUN Number=Plur 18 pigs conj 21 or or CCONJ _ 22 horses cc 22 horses horse NOUN Number=Plur 18 pigs conj 23 . . PUNCT _ 8 box punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a trough a long narrow open box tree rules 2 hold present a long narrow open box water or food for farm animals like pigs and cows or horses vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.
A trough is the low point between two waves, or between two high points on a graph.
The tree, 17 words det nsubj cop det amod case nummod nmod punct cc case nummod amod obl case det nmod punct root A DET trough NOUN is AUX the DET low ADJ point NOUN between ADP two NUM waves NOUN , PUNCT or CCONJ between ADP two NUM high ADJ points NOUN on ADP a DET graph NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 trough det 2 trough trough NOUN Number=Sing 6 point nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 point cop 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 point det 5 low low ADJ Degree=Pos 6 point amod 6 point point NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 between between ADP _ 9 waves case 8 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 9 waves nummod 9 waves wave NOUN Number=Plur 6 point nmod 10 , , PUNCT _ 15 points punct 11 or or CCONJ _ 15 points cc 12 between between ADP _ 15 points case 13 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 15 points nummod 14 high high ADJ Degree=Pos 15 points amod 15 points point NOUN Number=Plur 6 point obl 16 on on ADP _ 18 graph case 17 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 18 graph det 18 graph graph NOUN Number=Sing 15 points nmod 19 . . PUNCT _ 6 point punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a trough the low point between two waves; between two high points on a graph tree rules
Meaning 3 Usage: weather — kept apart, not parsed.
A trough is a long area of low air pressure, which often brings rain.
The tree, 14 words det nsubj cop det amod case amod compound nmod punct nsubj advmod acl:relcl obj punct root A DET trough NOUN is AUX a DET long ADJ area NOUN of ADP low ADJ air NOUN pressure NOUN , PUNCT which PRON often ADV brings VERB rain NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 trough det 2 trough trough NOUN Number=Sing 6 area nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 area cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 area det 5 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 6 area amod 6 area area NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 of of ADP _ 10 pressure case 8 low low ADJ Degree=Pos 10 pressure amod 9 air air NOUN Number=Sing 10 pressure compound 10 pressure pressure NOUN Number=Sing 6 area nmod 11 , , PUNCT _ 14 brings punct 12 which which PRON PronType=Rel 14 brings nsubj 13 often often ADV _ 14 brings advmod 14 brings bring VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 area acl:relcl 15 rain rain NOUN Number=Sing 14 brings obj 16 . . PUNCT _ 6 area punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a trough a long area of low air pressure tree rules 2 bring present a long area rain often property vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent rain=Theme
Meaning 4 A trough is a low or bad time, after a good one, as in «peaks and troughs».
The tree, 17 words det nsubj cop det amod cc conj punct case det amod parataxis punct case case punct appos cc conj punct punct root A DET trough NOUN is AUX a DET low ADJ or CCONJ bad ADJ time NOUN , PUNCT after ADP a DET good ADJ one NOUN , PUNCT as ADP in ADP « PUNCT peaks NOUN and CCONJ troughs NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 trough det 2 trough trough NOUN Number=Sing 8 time nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 time cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 time det 5 low low ADJ Degree=Pos 8 time amod 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 bad cc 7 bad bad ADJ Degree=Pos 5 low conj 8 time time NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 , , PUNCT _ 13 one punct 10 after after ADP _ 13 one case 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 13 one det 12 good good ADJ Degree=Pos 13 one amod 13 one one NOUN Number=Sing 8 time parataxis 14 , , PUNCT _ 18 peaks punct 15 as as ADP _ 18 peaks case 16 in in ADP _ 18 peaks case 17 « « PUNCT _ 18 peaks punct 18 peaks peak NOUN Number=Plur 8 time appos 19 and and CCONJ _ 20 troughs cc 20 troughs trough NOUN Number=Plur 18 peaks conj 21 » » PUNCT _ 18 peaks punct 22 . . PUNCT _ 8 time punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a trough a low time tree rules
Meaning 5 Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.
To have your snout in the trough means to take more money or benefits than you should.
The tree, 17 words mark ccomp nmod:poss obj case det obl mark ccomp amod obj cc conj mark nsubj advcl punct root To PART have VERB your PRON snout NOUN in ADP the DET trough NOUN means VERB to PART take VERB more ADJ money NOUN or CCONJ benefits NOUN than SCONJ you PRON should AUX . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 have mark 2 have have VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 means ccomp 3 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 snout nmod:poss 4 snout snout NOUN Number=Sing 2 have obj 5 in in ADP _ 7 trough case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 trough det 7 trough trough NOUN Number=Sing 2 have obl 8 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 9 to to PART _ 10 take mark 10 take take VERB VerbForm=Inf 8 means ccomp 11 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp 12 money amod 12 money money NOUN Number=Sing 10 take obj 13 or or CCONJ _ 14 benefits cc 14 benefits benefit NOUN Number=Plur 12 money conj 15 than than SCONJ _ 17 should mark 16 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 17 should nsubj 17 should should AUX VerbForm=Fin 10 take advcl 18 . . PUNCT _ 8 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have not said to happen to-infinitive your snout the trough vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent snout=Patient 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 take not said to happen to-infinitive more money or benefits vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Theme
Example 1 The pigs pushed their noses into the trough.
det nsubj nmod:poss obj case det obl punct root The DET pigs NOUN pushed VERB their PRON noses NOUN into ADP the DET trough NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 pigs det 2 pigs pig NOUN Number=Plur 3 pushed nsubj 3 pushed push VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 noses nmod:poss 5 noses nose NOUN Number=Plur 3 pushed obj 6 into into ADP _ 8 trough case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 trough det 8 trough trough NOUN Number=Sing 3 pushed obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 pushed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 push past the pigs pigs's noses the trough vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent nose=Theme into trough=Destination
Example 2 The horse drank from the stone trough by the gate.
det nsubj case det compound obl case det obl punct root The DET horse NOUN drank VERB from ADP the DET stone NOUN trough NOUN by ADP the DET gate NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 horse det 2 horse horse NOUN Number=Sing 3 drank nsubj 3 drank drink VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 from from ADP _ 7 trough case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 trough det 6 stone stone NOUN Number=Sing 7 trough compound 7 trough trough NOUN Number=Sing 3 drank obl 8 by by ADP _ 10 gate case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 gate det 10 gate gate NOUN Number=Sing 3 drank obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 drank punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 drink past the horse the stone trough by the gate vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V PP.source»: agent=Agent from trough=Source
Example 3 The boat sank into the trough between two huge waves.
det nsubj case det obl case nummod amod obl punct root The DET boat NOUN sank VERB into ADP the DET trough NOUN between ADP two NUM huge ADJ waves NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 boat det 2 boat boat NOUN Number=Sing 3 sank nsubj 3 sank sink VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 into into ADP _ 6 trough case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 trough det 6 trough trough NOUN Number=Sing 3 sank obl 7 between between ADP _ 10 waves case 8 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 10 waves nummod 9 huge huge ADJ Degree=Pos 10 waves amod 10 waves wave NOUN Number=Plur 3 sank obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 sank punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 sink past the boat the trough between two huge waves vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Example 4 Label the crest and the trough on your wave diagram.
det obj cc det conj case nmod:poss compound nmod punct root Label VERB the DET crest NOUN and CCONJ the DET trough NOUN on ADP your PRON wave NOUN diagram NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Label label VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 crest det 3 crest crest NOUN Number=Sing 1 Label obj 4 and and CCONJ _ 6 trough cc 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 trough det 6 trough trough NOUN Number=Sing 3 crest conj 7 on on ADP _ 10 diagram case 8 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 10 diagram nmod:poss 9 wave wave NOUN Number=Sing 10 diagram compound 10 diagram diagram NOUN Number=Sing 6 trough nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 1 Label punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 label imperative you not said here the crest and the trough on your wave diagram vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent crest=Destination
Example 5 The graph shows peaks in summer and troughs in winter.
det nsubj obj case obl cc conj case nmod punct root The DET graph NOUN shows VERB peaks NOUN in ADP summer NOUN and CCONJ troughs NOUN in ADP winter NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 graph det 2 graph graph NOUN Number=Sing 3 shows nsubj 3 shows show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 peaks peak NOUN Number=Plur 3 shows obj 5 in in ADP _ 6 summer case 6 summer summer NOUN Number=Sing 3 shows obl 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 troughs cc 8 troughs trough NOUN Number=Plur 6 summer conj 9 in in ADP _ 10 winter case 10 winter winter NOUN Number=Sing 8 troughs nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 shows punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show present the graph peaks summer vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent peak=Recipient
Example 6 A trough of low pressure will bring rain tomorrow.
det nsubj case amod nmod aux obj obl:unmarked punct root A DET trough NOUN of ADP low ADJ pressure NOUN will AUX bring VERB rain NOUN tomorrow NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 trough det 2 trough trough NOUN Number=Sing 7 bring nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 5 pressure case 4 low low ADJ Degree=Pos 5 pressure amod 5 pressure pressure NOUN Number=Sing 2 trough nmod 6 will will AUX VerbForm=Fin 7 bring aux 7 bring bring VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 8 rain rain NOUN Number=Sing 7 bring obj 9 tomorrow tomorrow NOUN Number=Sing 7 bring obl:unmarked 10 . . PUNCT _ 7 bring punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 bring future a trough of low pressure rain tomorrow vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent rain=Theme
Example 7 Business has its peaks and troughs.
nsubj nmod:poss obj cc conj punct root Business NOUN has VERB its PRON peaks NOUN and CCONJ troughs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Business business NOUN Number=Sing 2 has nsubj 2 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 4 peaks nmod:poss 4 peaks peak NOUN Number=Plur 2 has obj 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 troughs cc 6 troughs trough NOUN Number=Plur 4 peaks conj 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present Business Business's peaks and troughs vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent peak=Patient
Example 8 The Worm drew nearer and nearer, till at last it came up to the trough.
The tree, 15 words det nsubj xcomp cc conj punct case case conj nsubj acl:relcl advmod case det obl punct root The DET Worm NOUN drew VERB nearer ADJ and CCONJ nearer ADJ , PUNCT till ADP at ADP last ADJ it PRON came VERB up ADV to ADP the DET trough NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 Worm det 2 Worm worm NOUN Number=Sing 3 drew nsubj 3 drew draw VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 nearer near ADJ Degree=Cmp 3 drew xcomp 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 nearer cc 6 nearer near ADJ Degree=Cmp 4 nearer conj 7 , , PUNCT _ 10 last punct 8 till till ADP _ 10 last case 9 at at ADP _ 10 last case 10 last last ADJ Degree=Pos 3 drew conj 11 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 came nsubj 12 came come VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 10 last acl:relcl 13 up up ADV _ 12 came advmod 14 to to ADP _ 16 trough case 15 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 16 trough det 16 trough trough NOUN Number=Sing 12 came obl 17 . . PUNCT _ 3 drew punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 draw past the Worm near property vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 come up past Worm the trough vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to trough=Initial_Location
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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