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undergo

Who acts: Grandad, caterpillar, Water, state, players, They · What happens: undergo, be, experience, become, freeze, change · To what, where: something, it, operation, knee, big change, butterfly

«undergo» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: undergo in the school dictionary.

Meaning 1

Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

To undergo something is to go through or experience it, especially something unpleasant or difficult, such as an operation, a test or a change.

The tree, 24 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	To	to	PART	_	2 undergo	mark
2	undergo	undergo	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 go	advcl
3	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	2 undergo	obj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 go	cop
5	to	to	PART	_	6 go	mark
6	go	go	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	through	through	ADV	_	6 go	advmod
8	or	or	CCONJ	_	9 experience	cc
9	experience	experience	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	6 go	conj
10	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 experience	obj
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 something	punct
12	especially	especially	ADV	_	13 something	advmod
13	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	9 experience	obj
14	unpleasant	unpleasant	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 something	amod
15	or	or	CCONJ	_	16 difficult	cc
16	difficult	difficult	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 unpleasant	conj
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 operation	punct
18	such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP	21 operation	case
19	as	as	ADP	_	18 such	fixed
20	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	21 operation	det
21	operation	operation	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 something	appos
22	,	,	PUNCT	_	24 test	punct
23	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	24 test	det
24	test	test	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 operation	conj
25	or	or	CCONJ	_	27 change	cc
26	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	27 change	det
27	change	change	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 operation	conj
28	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 go	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	undergo	to-infinitive		something					tree rules
2	is	present						go, through property	tree rules
3	experience	infinitive		it					tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Example 1

Grandad will undergo an operation on his knee.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 undergo	nsubj
2	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 undergo	aux
3	undergo	undergo	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 operation	det
5	operation	operation	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 undergo	obj
6	on	on	ADP	_	8 knee	case
7	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 knee	nmod:poss
8	knee	knee	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 undergo	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 undergo	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	undergo	future	Grandad	a operation		Grandad's knee			tree rules

Example 2

A caterpillar undergoes a big change to become a butterfly.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 caterpillar	det
2	caterpillar	caterpillar	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 undergoes	nsubj
3	undergoes	undergo	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 change	det
5	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 change	amod
6	change	change	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 undergoes	obj
7	to	to	PART	_	8 become	mark
8	become	become	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 undergoes	advcl
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 butterfly	det
10	butterfly	butterfly	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 become	xcomp
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 undergoes	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	undergo	present	a caterpillar	a big change					tree rules
2	become	to-infinitive	a caterpillar not said here	a butterfly					vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient

Example 3

The new car underwent many safety tests.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 car	det
2	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 car	amod
3	car	car	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 underwent	compound
4	underwent	underwent	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 tests	nsubj
5	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 tests	amod
6	safety	safety	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 tests	compound
7	tests	test	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 tests	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Example 4

Water undergoes a change of state when it freezes.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 undergoes	nsubj
2	undergoes	undergo	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 change	det
4	change	change	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 undergoes	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 state	case
6	state	state	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 change	nmod
7	when	when	SCONJ	_	9 freezes	mark
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 freezes	nsubj
9	freezes	freeze	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 undergoes	advcl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 undergoes	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	undergo	present	Water	a change of state					tree rules
2	freeze	present	Water						vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
3	change		state						nom change «event intransitive»: of=agent

Example 5

The town has undergone a lot of changes.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 town	det
2	town	town	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 undergone	nsubj:pass
3	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 undergone	aux
4	undergone	undergo	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 lot	det
6	lot	lot	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 undergone	obj
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 changes	case
8	changes	change	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 lot	nmod
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 undergone	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	undergo	present · perfect · passive		the town					tree rules

Example 6

All players must undergo a medical check.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	All	all	DET	PronType=Tot	2 players	det
2	players	player	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 undergo	nsubj
3	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 undergo	aux
4	undergo	undergo	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 check	det
6	medical	medical	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 check	amod
7	check	check	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 undergo	obj
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 undergo	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	undergo	must	all players	a medical check					tree rules

Example 7

They threw themselves at her feet to beg pardon for all the ill-treatment they had made her undergo.

The tree, 19 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 threw	nsubj
2	threw	throw	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	themselves	themselves	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	2 threw	obj
4	at	at	ADP	_	6 feet	case
5	her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 feet	nmod:poss
6	feet	foot	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 threw	obl
7	to	to	PART	_	8 beg	mark
8	beg	beg	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 threw	advcl
9	pardon	pardon	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 beg	obj
10	for	for	ADP	_	15 treatment	case
11	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	15 treatment	det:predet
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 treatment	det
13	ill	ill	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 treatment	amod
14	-	-	PUNCT	_	13 ill	punct
15	treatment	treatment	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 beg	obl
16	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 made	nsubj
17	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	18 made	aux
18	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	15 treatment	acl:relcl
19	her	she	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 made	obj
20	undergo	undergo	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	18 made	xcomp
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 threw	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	throw	past	They	themselves = they		her feet			vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent themselves=Theme at foot=Destination
2	beg speech: request	to-infinitive	They not said here	pardon				for all ill treatment	vn beg-58.2-1-1 «NP V NP PP.Topic»: agent=Agent pardon=Recipient for treatment=Topic
3	make	past · perfect	feet = foot	her = she					tree rules
4	undergo	infinitive	her = she not said here						tree rules

Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/U/undergo/