underground Who acts: underground, railway, Moles, Carrots, We, you · What happens: mean, be, run, call, describe, hide · To what, where: surface, railway, tunnels, Tube, London, something · Speech: someone speaks here
«underground» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: underground in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Underground means below the surface of the ground.
advmod case det obl case det nmod punct root Underground ADV means VERB below ADP the DET surface NOUN of ADP the DET ground NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Underground underground ADV _ 2 means advmod 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 below below ADP _ 5 surface case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 surface det 5 surface surface NOUN Number=Sing 2 means obl 6 of of ADP _ 8 ground case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 ground det 8 ground ground NOUN Number=Sing 5 surface nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present the surface of the ground underground property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 The underground is a railway that runs in tunnels under a city (in London called the Tube; in the USA the subway).
The tree, 22 words det nsubj cop det nsubj acl:relcl case obl case det obl punct case obl conj det obj punct case det obl det parataxis punct punct root The DET underground NOUN is AUX a DET railway NOUN that PRON runs VERB in ADP tunnels NOUN under ADP a DET city NOUN ( PUNCT in ADP London PROPN called VERB the DET Tube PROPN ; PUNCT in ADP the DET USA PROPN the DET subway NOUN ) PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 underground det 2 underground underground NOUN Number=Sing 5 railway nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 railway cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 railway det 5 railway railway NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 that that PRON PronType=Rel 7 runs nsubj 7 runs run VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 railway acl:relcl 8 in in ADP _ 9 tunnels case 9 tunnels tunnel NOUN Number=Plur 7 runs obl 10 under under ADP _ 12 city case 11 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 12 city det 12 city city NOUN Number=Sing 7 runs obl 13 ( ( PUNCT _ 16 called punct 14 in in ADP _ 15 London case 15 London London PROPN Number=Sing 16 called obl 16 called call VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 7 runs conj 17 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 18 Tube det 18 Tube Tube PROPN Number=Sing 16 called obj 19 ; ; PUNCT _ 5 railway punct 20 in in ADP _ 22 USA case 21 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 22 USA det 22 USA USA PROPN Number=Sing 24 subway obl 23 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 24 subway det 24 subway subway NOUN Number=Sing 5 railway parataxis 25 ) ) PUNCT _ 24 subway punct 26 . . PUNCT _ 5 railway punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the underground a railway tree rules 2 run present a railway tunnels under a city vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in tunnel=Trajectory 3 call past a railway not said here the Tube London vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent tube=Recipient
Meaning 3 Underground can describe something secret or hidden from the authorities.
advmod aux obj amod cc conj case det obl punct root Underground ADV can AUX describe VERB something PRON secret ADJ or CCONJ hidden VERB from ADP the DET authorities NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Underground underground ADV _ 3 describe advmod 2 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 describe aux 3 describe describe VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 4 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 3 describe obj 5 secret secret ADJ Degree=Pos 4 something amod 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 hidden cc 7 hidden hide VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 secret conj 8 from from ADP _ 10 authorities case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 authorities det 10 authorities authority NOUN Number=Plur 7 hidden obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 describe punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 describe can something underground property vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent something=Theme 2 hide participle the authorities vn concealment-16-1 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent from authority=Beneficiary
Example 1 Moles live underground.
nsubj advmod punct root Moles NOUN live VERB underground ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Moles mole NOUN Number=Plur 2 live nsubj 2 live live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 underground underground ADV _ 2 live advmod 4 . . PUNCT _ 2 live punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 live present Moles underground property vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 2 Carrots grow underground.
nsubj advmod punct root Carrots NOUN grow VERB underground ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Carrots carrot NOUN Number=Plur 2 grow nsubj 2 grow grow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 underground underground ADV _ 2 grow advmod 4 . . PUNCT _ 2 grow punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grow present Carrots underground property vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 3 We took the underground to the museum.
nsubj det obj case det obl punct root We PRON took VERB the DET underground ADJ to ADP the DET museum NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 took nsubj 2 took take VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 underground det 4 underground underground ADJ Degree=Pos 2 took obj 5 to to ADP _ 7 museum case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 museum det 7 museum museum NOUN Number=Sing 2 took obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 took punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 take past We the underground the museum vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent underground=Theme to museum=Destination
Example 4 Mind the gap on the underground platform.
det obj case det amod obl punct root Mind VERB the DET gap NOUN on ADP the DET underground ADJ platform NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mind mind VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 gap det 3 gap gap NOUN Number=Sing 1 Mind obj 4 on on ADP _ 7 platform case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 platform det 6 underground underground ADJ Degree=Pos 7 platform amod 7 platform platform NOUN Number=Sing 1 Mind obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Mind punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mind imperative you not said here the gap the underground platform vn caring-75.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gap=Theme
Example 5 Rabbits dig underground tunnels called burrows.
nsubj amod obj acl xcomp punct root Rabbits NOUN dig VERB underground ADJ tunnels NOUN called VERB burrows NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Rabbits rabbit NOUN Number=Plur 2 dig nsubj 2 dig dig VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 underground underground ADJ Degree=Pos 4 tunnels amod 4 tunnels tunnel NOUN Number=Plur 2 dig obj 5 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 tunnels acl 6 burrows burrow NOUN Number=Plur 5 called xcomp 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 dig punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 dig present Rabbits underground tunnels vn poke-19-1-1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent tunnel=Theme 2 call participle underground tunnels not said here burrows vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 6 Water flows underground in some caves.
nsubj advmod case det obl punct root Water NOUN flows VERB underground ADV in ADP some DET caves NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Water water NOUN Number=Sing 2 flows nsubj 2 flows flow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 underground underground ADV _ 2 flows advmod 4 in in ADP _ 6 caves case 5 some some DET PronType=Ind 6 caves det 6 caves cave NOUN Number=Plur 2 flows obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 flows punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 flow present Water some caves underground property vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in cave=Location
Example 7 Miners work deep underground.
nsubj advmod advmod punct root Miners NOUN work VERB deep ADV underground ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Miners miner NOUN Number=Plur 2 work nsubj 2 work work VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 deep deep ADV _ 4 underground advmod 4 underground underground ADV _ 2 work advmod 5 . . PUNCT _ 2 work punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 work present Miners underground property vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 8 During the war people sheltered in underground stations.
case det obl nsubj case amod obl punct root During ADP the DET war NOUN people NOUN sheltered VERB in ADP underground ADJ stations NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 During during ADP _ 3 war case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 war det 3 war war NOUN Number=Sing 5 sheltered obl 4 people people NOUN Number=Plur 5 sheltered nsubj 5 sheltered shelter VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 6 in in ADP _ 8 stations case 7 underground underground ADJ Degree=Pos 8 stations amod 8 stations station NOUN Number=Plur 5 sheltered obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 5 sheltered punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 shelter past people underground stations during the war vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in station=Location
Example 9 "They are playing at work underground, like moles," said she.
The tree, 10 words punct nsubj aux ccomp case obl advmod punct case obl punct punct nsubj punct root " PUNCT They PRON are AUX playing VERB at ADP work NOUN underground ADV , PUNCT like ADP moles NOUN , PUNCT " PUNCT said VERB she PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 4 playing punct 2 They they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 playing nsubj 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 playing aux 4 playing play VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 13 said ccomp 5 at at ADP _ 6 work case 6 work work NOUN Number=Sing 4 playing obl 7 underground underground ADV _ 4 playing advmod 8 , , PUNCT _ 10 moles punct 9 like like ADP _ 10 moles case 10 moles mole NOUN Number=Plur 4 playing obl 11 , , PUNCT _ 4 playing punct 12 " " PUNCT _ 4 playing punct 13 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 14 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 13 said nsubj 15 . . PUNCT _ 13 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 play in a quote present · progressive They work like moles; underground property vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 say speech: assert past she vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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