understand Who acts: something, it, they, I, you, magnets · What happens: understand, be, mean, work, feel, act · To what, where: someone, that, question, word, it, joke · Speech: someone speaks here
«understand» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: understand in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To understand is to know what something means or how it works.
mark csubj cop mark obj nsubj ccomp cc advmod nsubj conj punct root To PART understand VERB is AUX to PART know VERB what PRON something PRON means VERB or CCONJ how ADV it PRON works VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 understand mark 2 understand understand VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 know csubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 know cop 4 to to PART _ 5 know mark 5 know know VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 6 what what PRON PronType=Int 8 means obj 7 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 8 means nsubj 8 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 know ccomp 9 or or CCONJ _ 12 works cc 10 how how ADV PronType=Int 12 works advmod 11 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 works nsubj 12 works work VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 means conj 13 . . PUNCT _ 5 know punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 understand to-infinitive vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer 2 is present know property tree rules 3 mean present something vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Topic 4 work present it vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 To understand someone is to know how they feel or why they act as they do.
The tree, 16 words mark advcl obj cop mark advmod nsubj ccomp cc advmod nsubj conj mark nsubj advcl punct root To PART understand VERB someone PRON is AUX to PART know VERB how ADV they PRON feel VERB or CCONJ why ADV they PRON act VERB as SCONJ they PRON do VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 understand mark 2 understand understand VERB VerbForm=Inf 6 know advcl 3 someone someone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 understand obj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 know cop 5 to to PART _ 6 know mark 6 know know VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 7 how how ADV PronType=Int 9 feel advmod 8 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 9 feel nsubj 9 feel feel VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 know ccomp 10 or or CCONJ _ 13 act cc 11 why why ADV PronType=Int 13 act advmod 12 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 13 act nsubj 13 act act VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 feel conj 14 as as SCONJ _ 16 do mark 15 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 16 do nsubj 16 do do VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 act advcl 17 . . PUNCT _ 6 know punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 understand to-infinitive someone vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer someone=Stimulus 2 is present know property tree rules 3 feel present they vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus 4 act present they vn act-114-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 5 do present they vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Meaning 3 «I understand that …» can mean «I have heard that …».
The tree, 9 words punct nsubj csubj obj punct punct aux punct nsubj aux ccomp obj punct punct punct root « PUNCT I PRON understand VERB that PRON … PUNCT » PUNCT can AUX mean VERB « PUNCT I PRON have AUX heard VERB that PRON … PUNCT » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 3 understand punct 2 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 understand nsubj 3 understand understand VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 mean csubj 4 that that PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 3 understand obj 5 … . PUNCT _ 3 understand punct 6 » » PUNCT _ 3 understand punct 7 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 8 mean aux 8 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 9 « « PUNCT _ 12 heard punct 10 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 12 heard nsubj 11 have have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 heard aux 12 heard hear VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part 8 mean ccomp 13 that that PRON Number=Sing PronType=Dem 12 heard obj 14 … . PUNCT _ 12 heard punct 15 » » PUNCT _ 12 heard punct 16 . . PUNCT _ 8 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 understand in a quote present I that vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer that=Stimulus 2 mean can vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 hear in a quote present · perfect I that vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer that=Stimulus
Example 1 Do you understand the question?
aux nsubj det obj punct root Do AUX you PRON understand VERB the DET question NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 understand aux 2 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 understand nsubj 3 understand understand VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 question det 5 question question NOUN Number=Sing 3 understand obj 6 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 understand punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 understand present · do-support you the question vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer question=Stimulus
Example 2 I don't understand this word.
nsubj aux advmod det obj punct root I PRON do AUX n't PART understand VERB this DET word NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 understand nsubj 2 do do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 understand aux 3 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 4 understand advmod 4 understand understand VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 this this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 6 word det 6 word word NOUN Number=Sing 4 understand obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 understand punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not understand present · do-support I this word vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer word=Stimulus
Example 3 Now I understand how magnets work.
advmod nsubj advmod nsubj ccomp punct root Now ADV I PRON understand VERB how ADV magnets NOUN work VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Now now ADV PronType=Dem 3 understand advmod 2 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 understand nsubj 3 understand understand VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 how how ADV PronType=Int 6 work advmod 5 magnets magnet NOUN Number=Plur 6 work nsubj 6 work work VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 understand ccomp 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 understand punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 understand present I now vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus 2 work present magnets vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 4 My mum understands how I feel.
nmod:poss nsubj advmod nsubj ccomp punct root My PRON mum NOUN understands VERB how ADV I PRON feel VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 My my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 mum nmod:poss 2 mum mum NOUN Number=Sing 3 understands nsubj 3 understands understand VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 how how ADV PronType=Int 6 feel advmod 5 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 6 feel nsubj 6 feel feel VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 understands ccomp 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 understands punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 understand present My mum vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus 2 feel present I vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus
Example 5 Read it again until you understand it.
obj advmod mark nsubj advcl obj punct root Read VERB it PRON again ADV until SCONJ you PRON understand VERB it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Read read VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 1 Read obj 3 again again ADV _ 1 Read advmod 4 until until SCONJ _ 6 understand mark 5 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 6 understand nsubj 6 understand understand VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 Read advcl 7 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 understand obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 1 Read punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 read imperative you not said here it again vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Topic 2 understand present you it vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus
Example 6 She understood the joke at last.
nsubj det obj case obl punct root She PRON understood VERB the DET joke NOUN at ADP last ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 understood nsubj 2 understood understand VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 joke det 4 joke joke NOUN Number=Sing 2 understood obj 5 at at ADP _ 6 last case 6 last last ADJ Degree=Pos 2 understood obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 understood punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 understand past She the joke last vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer joke=Stimulus
Example 7 We understand each other without words.
nsubj obj fixed case obl punct root We PRON understand VERB each DET other ADJ without ADP words NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 understand nsubj 2 understand understand VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 each each DET ExtPos=PRON PronType=Rcp 2 understand obj 4 other other ADJ Degree=Pos 3 each fixed 5 without without ADP _ 6 words case 6 words word NOUN Number=Plur 2 understand obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 understand punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 understand present We each without words vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer each=Stimulus
Example 8 Can you make yourself understood in French?
aux nsubj obj xcomp case obl punct root Can AUX you PRON make VERB yourself PRON understood VERB in ADP French PROPN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 3 make aux 2 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 3 make nsubj 3 make make VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 4 yourself yourself PRON Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes 3 make obj 5 understood understand VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 make xcomp 6 in in ADP _ 7 French case 7 French French PROPN Number=Sing 5 understood obl 8 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 make punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make can you yourself tree rules 2 understand participle yourself not said here French vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
Example 9 She did not understand even now.
nsubj aux advmod advmod advmod punct root She PRON did AUX not PART understand VERB even ADV now ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 understand nsubj 2 did do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 understand aux 3 not not PART Polarity=Neg 4 understand advmod 4 understand understand VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 even even ADV _ 6 now advmod 6 now now ADV PronType=Dem 4 understand advmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 understand punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not understand past · do-support She now vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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