understate Who acts: something, it, He, one, chilly, bit · What happens: understate, mean, say, be, hurt, take · To what, where: understated dress, him, nurse, bit, freezing, number · Speech: someone speaks here
«understate» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: understate in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 To understate means to say that something is smaller, less important or less serious than it really is.
The tree, 18 words mark csubj mark xcomp mark nsubj cop ccomp punct advmod conj cc advmod conj mark nsubj advmod advcl punct root To PART understate VERB means VERB to PART say VERB that SCONJ something PRON is AUX smaller ADJ , PUNCT less ADV important ADJ or CCONJ less ADV serious ADJ than SCONJ it PRON really ADV is VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 understate mark 2 understate understate VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 means csubj 3 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to PART _ 5 say mark 5 say say VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 means xcomp 6 that that SCONJ _ 9 smaller mark 7 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 9 smaller nsubj 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 smaller cop 9 smaller small ADJ Degree=Cmp 5 say ccomp 10 , , PUNCT _ 12 important punct 11 less less ADV Degree=Cmp 12 important advmod 12 important important ADJ Degree=Pos 9 smaller conj 13 or or CCONJ _ 15 serious cc 14 less less ADV Degree=Cmp 15 serious advmod 15 serious serious ADJ Degree=Pos 12 important conj 16 than than SCONJ _ 19 is mark 17 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 19 is nsubj 18 really really ADV _ 19 is advmod 19 is be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 15 serious advcl 20 . . PUNCT _ 3 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 understate to-infinitive tree rules 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 say speech: assert not said to happen to-infinitive vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 4 is present something small property tree rules 5 be something not said here less property tree rules 6 be present it vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Understated (adjective) also means simple and quiet in style, not showy: «an understated dress».
The tree, 14 words nsubj punct nsubj punct advmod xcomp cc conj case obl punct advmod conj punct punct det amod obj punct punct root Understated VERB ( PUNCT adjective NOUN ) PUNCT also ADV means VERB simple ADJ and CCONJ quiet ADJ in ADP style NOUN , PUNCT not PART showy ADJ : PUNCT « PUNCT an DET understated VERB dress NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Understated understate VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 means nsubj 2 ( ( PUNCT _ 3 adjective punct 3 adjective adjective NOUN Number=Sing 6 means nsubj 4 ) ) PUNCT _ 3 adjective punct 5 also also ADV _ 6 means advmod 6 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 simple simple ADJ Degree=Pos 6 means xcomp 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 quiet cc 9 quiet quiet ADJ Degree=Pos 7 simple conj 10 in in ADP _ 11 style case 11 style style NOUN Number=Sing 9 quiet obl 12 , , PUNCT _ 14 showy punct 13 not not PART Polarity=Neg 14 showy advmod 14 showy showy ADJ Degree=Pos 11 style conj 15 : : PUNCT _ 19 dress punct 16 « « PUNCT _ 19 dress punct 17 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 19 dress det 18 understated understate VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 19 dress amod 19 dress dress NOUN Number=Sing 6 means obj 20 » » PUNCT _ 19 dress punct 21 . . PUNCT _ 6 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 understate participle tree rules 2 mean present a understated dress simple property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dress=Topic 3 understate in a quote participle tree rules
Example 1 He understated how hurt he was, so no one took him to the nurse.
The tree, 14 words nsubj advmod advcl nsubj ccomp punct advmod det nsubj conj obj case det obl punct root He PRON understated VERB how ADV hurt VERB he PRON was VERB , PUNCT so ADV no DET one NOUN took VERB him PRON to ADP the DET nurse NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 He he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 understated nsubj 2 understated understate VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 how how ADV PronType=Int 4 hurt advmod 4 hurt hurt VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 understated advcl 5 he he PRON Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 was nsubj 6 was be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 hurt ccomp 7 , , PUNCT _ 11 took punct 8 so so ADV _ 11 took advmod 9 no no DET PronType=Neg 10 one det 10 one one NOUN Number=Sing 11 took nsubj 11 took take VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 2 understated conj 12 him he PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 took obj 13 to to ADP _ 15 nurse case 14 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 15 nurse det 15 nurse nurse NOUN Number=Sing 11 took obl 16 . . PUNCT _ 2 understated punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 understate past He tree rules 2 hurt participle He not said here tree rules 3 be past he vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 4 take past no one him = he the nurse vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent he=Theme to nurse=Destination
Example 2 «A bit chilly» understates it — it's freezing!
punct det obl:unmarked nsubj punct obj punct nsubj cop obl punct root « PUNCT A DET bit NOUN chilly ADJ » PUNCT understates VERB it PRON — PUNCT it PRON 's AUX freezing NOUN ! PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 4 chilly punct 2 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 bit det 3 bit bit NOUN Number=Sing 4 chilly obl:unmarked 4 chilly chilly ADJ Degree=Pos 6 understates nsubj 5 » » PUNCT _ 4 chilly punct 6 understates understate VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 understates obj 8 — - PUNCT _ 11 freezing punct 9 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 freezing nsubj 10 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 freezing cop 11 freezing freezing NOUN Number=Sing 6 understates obl 12 ! ! PUNCT _ 6 understates punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 understate present chilly bit tree rules 2 is a present bit freezing tree rules
Example 3 The report understated the number of people affected by the flood.
det nsubj det obj case nmod acl case det obl:agent punct root The DET report NOUN understated VERB the DET number NOUN of ADP people NOUN affected VERB by ADP the DET flood NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 report det 2 report report NOUN Number=Sing 3 understated nsubj 3 understated understate VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 number det 5 number number NOUN Number=Sing 3 understated obj 6 of of ADP _ 7 people case 7 people people NOUN Number=Plur 5 number nmod 8 affected affect VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 people acl 9 by by ADP _ 11 flood case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 flood det 11 flood flood NOUN Number=Sing 8 affected obl:agent 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 understated punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 understate past the report the number of people tree rules 2 affect participle people not said here vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
Example 4 Don't understate the danger of thin ice.
aux advmod det obj case amod nmod punct root Do AUX n't PART understate VERB the DET danger NOUN of ADP thin ADJ ice NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Do do AUX Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 understate aux 2 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 3 understate advmod 3 understate understate VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 danger det 5 danger danger NOUN Number=Sing 3 understate obj 6 of of ADP _ 8 ice case 7 thin thin ADJ Degree=Pos 8 ice amod 8 ice ice NOUN Number=Sing 5 danger nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 understate punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not understate imperative · do-support you not said here the danger of thin ice tree rules
Example 5 Her clothes were simple and understated.
nmod:poss nsubj cop cc conj punct root Her PRON clothes NOUN were AUX simple ADJ and CCONJ understated VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 clothes nmod:poss 2 clothes clothes NOUN Number=Ptan 4 simple nsubj 3 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 simple cop 4 simple simple ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 and and CCONJ _ 6 understated cc 6 understated understate VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 simple conj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 simple punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past Her clothes simple property tree rules 2 understate participle Her clothes not said here tree rules
Example 6 Calling the storm «breezy» was a huge understatement.
csubj det obj punct amod punct cop det amod punct root Calling VERB the DET storm NOUN « PUNCT breezy ADJ » PUNCT was AUX a DET huge ADJ understatement NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Calling call VERB VerbForm=Ger 10 understatement csubj 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 storm det 3 storm storm NOUN Number=Sing 1 Calling obj 4 « « PUNCT _ 5 breezy punct 5 breezy breezy ADJ Degree=Pos 3 storm amod 6 » » PUNCT _ 5 breezy punct 7 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 10 understatement cop 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 understatement det 9 huge huge ADJ Degree=Pos 10 understatement amod 10 understatement understatement NOUN Number=Sing root root 11 . . PUNCT _ 10 understatement punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 call gerund the storm vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent storm=Recipient 2 is a past Calling a huge understatement tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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