untranslatable Who acts: Untranslatable, phrase, long explanation, jokes, rhymes, poem · What happens: describe, have, not translate, lose, be, base · To what, where: word, exact match, language, match, meaning, jokes · Speech: someone speaks here
«untranslatable» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: untranslatable in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Untranslatable describes a word or phrase that has no exact match in another language, so it cannot be translated easily without a long explanation or losing some meaning.
The tree, 29 words nsubj det obj cc conj nsubj acl:relcl det amod obj case det nmod punct advmod nsubj:pass aux advmod aux:pass parataxis advmod case det amod obl:agent cc conj det obj punct root Untranslatable ADJ describes VERB a DET word NOUN or CCONJ phrase NOUN that PRON has VERB no DET exact ADJ match NOUN in ADP another DET language NOUN , PUNCT so ADV it PRON can AUX not PART be AUX translated VERB easily ADV without ADP a DET long ADJ explanation NOUN or CCONJ losing VERB some DET meaning NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Untranslatable untranslatable ADJ Degree=Pos 2 describes nsubj 2 describes describe VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 word det 4 word word NOUN Number=Sing 2 describes obj 5 or or CCONJ _ 6 phrase cc 6 phrase phrase NOUN Number=Sing 4 word conj 7 that that PRON PronType=Rel 8 has nsubj 8 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 phrase acl:relcl 9 no no DET PronType=Neg 11 match det 10 exact exact ADJ Degree=Pos 11 match amod 11 match match NOUN Number=Sing 8 has obj 12 in in ADP _ 14 language case 13 another another DET PronType=Ind 14 language det 14 language language NOUN Number=Sing 11 match nmod 15 , , PUNCT _ 21 translated punct 16 so so ADV _ 21 translated advmod 17 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 21 translated nsubj:pass 18 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 21 translated aux 19 not not PART Polarity=Neg 21 translated advmod 20 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 21 translated aux:pass 21 translated translate VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 2 describes parataxis 22 easily easily ADV _ 21 translated advmod 23 without without ADP _ 26 explanation case 24 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 26 explanation det 25 long long ADJ Degree=Pos 26 explanation amod 26 explanation explanation NOUN Number=Sing 21 translated obl:agent 27 or or CCONJ _ 28 losing cc 28 losing lose VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 26 explanation conj 29 some some DET PronType=Ind 30 meaning det 30 meaning meaning NOUN Number=Sing 28 losing obj 31 . . PUNCT _ 2 describes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 describe present Untranslatable a word or phrase vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent word=Theme 2 have present phrase no exact match another language vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent match=Patient 3 not translate can · passive a long explanation match easily property vn turn-26.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient 4 lose gerund a long explanation not said here some meaning vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent meaning=Eventuality
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Example 1 Some jokes are untranslatable because they are based on puns.
det nsubj cop mark nsubj:pass aux:pass advcl case obl punct root Some DET jokes NOUN are AUX untranslatable ADJ because SCONJ they PRON are AUX based VERB on ADP puns NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Some some DET PronType=Ind 2 jokes det 2 jokes joke NOUN Number=Plur 4 untranslatable nsubj 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 untranslatable cop 4 untranslatable untranslatable ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 because because SCONJ _ 8 based mark 6 they they PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 based nsubj:pass 7 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 based aux:pass 8 based base VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 untranslatable advcl 9 on on ADP _ 10 puns case 10 puns pun NOUN Number=Plur 8 based obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 4 untranslatable punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present some jokes untranslatable property tree rules 2 base present · passive jokes = joke puns vn base-97.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: subject=Theme on pun=Source
Example 2 «Hygge» is often called an untranslatable Danish word.
punct nsubj:pass punct aux:pass advmod det amod amod xcomp punct root « PUNCT Hygge PROPN » PUNCT is AUX often ADV called VERB an DET untranslatable ADJ Danish ADJ word NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Hygge punct 2 Hygge Hygge PROPN Number=Sing 6 called nsubj:pass 3 » » PUNCT _ 2 Hygge punct 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 called aux:pass 5 often often ADV _ 6 called advmod 6 called call VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 7 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 word det 8 untranslatable untranslatable ADJ Degree=Pos 10 word amod 9 Danish danish ADJ Degree=Pos 10 word amod 10 word word NOUN Number=Sing 6 called xcomp 11 . . PUNCT _ 6 called punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 call present · passive Hygge often property vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient
Example 3 The poem's rhymes are almost untranslatable.
det nmod:poss case nsubj cop advmod punct root The DET poem NOUN 's PART rhymes NOUN are AUX almost ADV untranslatable ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 poem det 2 poem poem NOUN Number=Sing 4 rhymes nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 poem case 4 rhymes rhyme NOUN Number=Plur 7 untranslatable nsubj 5 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 untranslatable cop 6 almost almost ADV _ 7 untranslatable advmod 7 untranslatable untranslatable ADJ Degree=Pos root root 8 . . PUNCT _ 7 untranslatable punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the poem's rhymes almost, untranslatable property tree rules 2 rhyme the poem nom rhyme «communication intransitive»: poss=agent
Example 4 The teacher said the Ukrainian word was untranslatable, then explained it in a sentence.
The tree, 14 words det nsubj det amod nsubj cop ccomp punct advmod conj obj case det obl punct root The DET teacher NOUN said VERB the DET Ukrainian ADJ word NOUN was AUX untranslatable ADJ , PUNCT then ADV explained VERB it PRON in ADP a DET sentence NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 teacher det 2 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 3 said nsubj 3 said say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 word det 5 Ukrainian ukrainian ADJ Degree=Pos 6 word amod 6 word word NOUN Number=Sing 8 untranslatable nsubj 7 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 untranslatable cop 8 untranslatable untranslatable ADJ Degree=Pos 3 said ccomp 9 , , PUNCT _ 11 explained punct 10 then then ADV PronType=Dem 11 explained advmod 11 explained explain VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 said conj 12 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 explained obj 13 in in ADP _ 15 sentence case 14 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 15 sentence det 15 sentence sentence NOUN Number=Sing 11 explained obl 16 . . PUNCT _ 3 said punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert past the teacher vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 2 is past the Ukrainian word untranslatable property tree rules 3 explain speech: assert past the teacher not said here word a sentence then vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Topic
Example 5 Every language has a few untranslatable words.
det nsubj det amod amod obj punct root Every DET language NOUN has VERB a DET few ADJ untranslatable ADJ words NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Every every DET PronType=Tot 2 language det 2 language language NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 words det 5 few few ADJ Degree=Pos 7 words amod 6 untranslatable untranslatable ADJ Degree=Pos 7 words amod 7 words word NOUN Number=Plur 3 has obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present every language a few untranslatable words vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Patient
Example 6 The author's wordplay was untranslatable, so the translator added notes.
det nmod:poss case nsubj cop punct advmod det nsubj conj obj punct root The DET author NOUN 's PART wordplay NOUN was AUX untranslatable ADJ , PUNCT so ADV the DET translator NOUN added VERB notes NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 author det 2 author author NOUN Number=Sing 4 wordplay nmod:poss 3 's 's PART _ 2 author case 4 wordplay wordplay NOUN Number=Sing 6 untranslatable nsubj 5 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 untranslatable cop 6 untranslatable untranslatable ADJ Degree=Pos root root 7 , , PUNCT _ 11 added punct 8 so so ADV _ 11 added advmod 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 translator det 10 translator translator NOUN Number=Sing 11 added nsubj 11 added add VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 untranslatable conj 12 notes note NOUN Number=Plur 11 added obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 6 untranslatable punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past the author's wordplay untranslatable property tree rules 2 add speech: assert past the translator notes vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent note=Patient
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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