upstream Who acts: Upstream, water, upstream place, Swimming, most people, Salmon · What happens: mean, flow, be, swim, do, want · To what, where: way, something, eggs, canoe, hard work, cleaner water · Speech: someone speaks here
«upstream» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: upstream in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Upstream means towards the source of a river or stream, against the way the water flows.
The tree, 16 words nsubj case det obl case det nmod cc conj punct case det parataxis det nsubj acl:relcl punct root Upstream ADJ means VERB towards ADP the DET source NOUN of ADP a DET river NOUN or CCONJ stream NOUN , PUNCT against ADP the DET way NOUN the DET water NOUN flows VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Upstream upstream ADJ Degree=Pos 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 towards towards ADP _ 5 source case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 source det 5 source source NOUN Number=Sing 2 means obl 6 of of ADP _ 8 river case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 river det 8 river river NOUN Number=Sing 5 source nmod 9 or or CCONJ _ 10 stream cc 10 stream stream NOUN Number=Sing 8 river conj 11 , , PUNCT _ 14 way punct 12 against against ADP _ 14 way case 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 way det 14 way way NOUN Number=Sing 2 means parataxis 15 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 16 water det 16 water water NOUN Number=Sing 17 flows nsubj 17 flows flow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 14 way acl:relcl 18 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Upstream towards the source of a river or stream vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent 2 flow present the water the way not said here vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location way=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 An upstream place is further up the river, nearer its source.
det amod nsubj cop advmod case det punct amod nmod:poss nsubj punct root An DET upstream ADJ place NOUN is AUX further ADV up ADP the DET river NOUN , PUNCT nearer ADJ its PRON source NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 An a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 place det 2 upstream upstream ADJ Degree=Pos 3 place amod 3 place place NOUN Number=Sing 8 river nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 river cop 5 further further ADV _ 8 river advmod 6 up up ADP _ 8 river case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 river det 8 river river NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 , , PUNCT _ 10 nearer punct 10 nearer near ADJ Degree=Cmp 8 river amod 11 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 12 source nmod:poss 12 source source NOUN Number=Sing 10 nearer nsubj 13 . . PUNCT _ 8 river punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present a upstream place up the river; further property tree rules
Meaning 3 Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.
Swimming upstream can mean doing something hard, against what most people do or want.
The tree, 14 words csubj advmod aux xcomp obj amod punct case obl amod nsubj acl:relcl cc conj punct root Swimming VERB upstream ADV can AUX mean VERB doing VERB something PRON hard ADJ , PUNCT against ADP what PRON most ADJ people NOUN do VERB or CCONJ want VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Swimming swim VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 mean csubj 2 upstream upstream ADV _ 1 Swimming advmod 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 mean aux 4 mean mean VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 doing do VERB VerbForm=Ger 4 mean xcomp 6 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 5 doing obj 7 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 6 something amod 8 , , PUNCT _ 10 what punct 9 against against ADP _ 10 what case 10 what what PRON PronType=Rel 5 doing obl 11 most most ADJ Degree=Sup 12 people amod 12 people people NOUN Number=Plur 13 do nsubj 13 do do VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 what acl:relcl 14 or or CCONJ _ 15 want cc 15 want want VERB VerbForm=Inf 13 do conj 16 . . PUNCT _ 4 mean punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 swim gerund upstream property vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 mean can Swimming vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 3 do not said to happen gerund Swimming not said here something vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality 4 do present most people vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 5 want infinitive most people not said here vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot
Example 1 Salmon swim upstream to lay their eggs.
nsubj advmod mark advcl nmod:poss obj punct root Salmon NOUN swim VERB upstream ADV to PART lay VERB their PRON eggs NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Salmon salmon NOUN Number=Plur 2 swim nsubj 2 swim swim VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 upstream upstream ADV _ 2 swim advmod 4 to to PART _ 5 lay mark 5 lay lay VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 swim advcl 6 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 7 eggs nmod:poss 7 eggs egg NOUN Number=Plur 5 lay obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 2 swim punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 swim present Salmon upstream property vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 lay to-infinitive Salmon not said here Salmon's eggs vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent egg=Result
Example 2 We paddled the canoe upstream, which was hard work.
nsubj det obj advmod punct nsubj cop amod conj punct root We PRON paddled VERB the DET canoe NOUN upstream ADV , PUNCT which PRON was AUX hard ADJ work NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 paddled nsubj 2 paddled paddle VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 canoe det 4 canoe canoe NOUN Number=Sing 2 paddled obj 5 upstream upstream ADV _ 4 canoe advmod 6 , , PUNCT _ 10 work punct 7 which which PRON PronType=Rel 10 work nsubj 8 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 10 work cop 9 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 10 work amod 10 work work NOUN Number=Sing 4 canoe conj 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 paddled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 paddle past We the canoe and hard work vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent canoe=Location 2 is a past the canoe and hard work hard work tree rules
Example 3 The village upstream has cleaner water.
det nsubj advmod amod obj punct root The DET village NOUN upstream ADV has VERB cleaner ADJ water NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 village det 2 village village NOUN Number=Sing 4 has nsubj 3 upstream upstream ADV _ 4 has advmod 4 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 cleaner clean ADJ Degree=Cmp 6 water amod 6 water water NOUN Number=Sing 4 has obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present the village cleaner water upstream property vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Patient
Example 4 Pollution upstream can harm fish downstream.
nsubj advmod aux obj advmod punct root Pollution NOUN upstream ADV can AUX harm VERB fish NOUN downstream ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Pollution pollution NOUN Number=Sing 4 harm nsubj 2 upstream upstream ADV _ 4 harm advmod 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 4 harm aux 4 harm harm VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 fish fish NOUN Number=Sing 4 harm obj 6 downstream downstream ADV _ 4 harm advmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 harm punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 harm can Pollution fish downstream, upstream property vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus fish=Experiencer
Example 5 A boat goes 10 km/h in still water and the river flows at 2 km/h, so upstream it goes 8 km/h.
The tree, 21 words det nsubj nummod obj case advmod obl cc det nsubj conj case nummod obl punct advmod advmod nsubj parataxis nummod obj punct root A DET boat NOUN goes VERB 10 NUM km/h NOUN in ADP still ADV water NOUN and CCONJ the DET river NOUN flows VERB at ADP 2 NUM km/h NOUN , PUNCT so ADV upstream ADV it PRON goes VERB 8 NUM km/h NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 boat det 2 boat boat NOUN Number=Sing 3 goes nsubj 3 goes go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 10 10 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 km/h nummod 5 km/h km/h NOUN Number=Sing 3 goes obj 6 in in ADP _ 8 water case 7 still still ADV _ 8 water advmod 8 water water NOUN Number=Sing 3 goes obl 9 and and CCONJ _ 12 flows cc 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 river det 11 river river NOUN Number=Sing 12 flows nsubj 12 flows flow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 goes conj 13 at at ADP _ 15 km/h case 14 2 2 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 15 km/h nummod 15 km/h km/h NOUN Number=Sing 12 flows obl 16 , , PUNCT _ 20 goes punct 17 so so ADV _ 20 goes advmod 18 upstream upstream ADV _ 20 goes advmod 19 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 20 goes nsubj 20 goes go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 goes parataxis 21 8 8 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 22 km/h nummod 22 km/h km/h NOUN Number=Sing 20 goes obj 23 . . PUNCT _ 3 goes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go present a boat 10 km/h water vn meander-47.7 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location km/h=Theme 2 flow present the river 2 km/h vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at km/h=Location 3 go present river 8 km/h upstream property vn meander-47.7 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location km/h=Theme
Example 6 The source of the river is upstream from here.
det nsubj case det nmod cop case obl punct root The DET source NOUN of ADP the DET river NOUN is AUX upstream ADJ from ADP here ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 source det 2 source source NOUN Number=Sing 7 upstream nsubj 3 of of ADP _ 5 river case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 river det 5 river river NOUN Number=Sing 2 source nmod 6 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 upstream cop 7 upstream upstream ADJ Degree=Pos root root 8 from from ADP _ 9 here case 9 here here ADV PronType=Dem 7 upstream obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 7 upstream punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the source of the river upstream property tree rules
Example 7 Remember, you are upstream and I am downstream."
punct nsubj cop ccomp cc nsubj cop conj punct punct root Remember VERB , PUNCT you PRON are AUX upstream ADJ and CCONJ I PRON am AUX downstream ADV . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Remember remember VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 , , PUNCT _ 5 upstream punct 3 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 5 upstream nsubj 4 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 upstream cop 5 upstream upstream ADJ Degree=Pos 1 Remember ccomp 6 and and CCONJ _ 9 downstream cc 7 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 9 downstream nsubj 8 am be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 downstream cop 9 downstream downstream ADV _ 5 upstream conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 1 Remember punct 11 " " PUNCT _ 1 Remember punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 remember imperative you not said here vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent 2 is present you upstream property tree rules 3 is present I downstream property tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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