upwind Who acts: Upwind, wind, you, smoke, deer, we · What happens: mean, come, be, blow, stand, not blow · To what, where: direction, upwind, face, us, houses, hard work
«upwind» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: upwind in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Upwind means in the direction the wind is coming from, against the wind.
The tree, 13 words nsubj case det obl det nsubj aux acl:relcl obl punct case det obl punct root Upwind NOUN means VERB in ADP the DET direction NOUN the DET wind NOUN is AUX coming VERB from ADP , PUNCT against ADP the DET wind NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Upwind upwind NOUN Number=Sing 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 in in ADP _ 5 direction case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 direction det 5 direction direction NOUN Number=Sing 2 means obl 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 wind det 7 wind wind NOUN Number=Sing 9 coming nsubj 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 coming aux 9 coming come VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 5 direction acl:relcl 10 from from ADP _ 9 coming obl 11 , , PUNCT _ 14 wind punct 12 against against ADP _ 14 wind case 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 wind det 14 wind wind NOUN Number=Sing 9 coming obl 15 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Upwind in the direction vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot in direction=Attribute 2 come present · progressive the wind the direction not said here against the wind vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location direction=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 If you are upwind of something, the wind blows from you towards it.
The tree, 13 words mark nsubj cop advcl case obl punct det nsubj case obl case obl punct root If SCONJ you PRON are AUX upwind ADJ of ADP something PRON , PUNCT the DET wind NOUN blows VERB from ADP you PRON towards ADP it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 If if SCONJ _ 4 upwind mark 2 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 4 upwind nsubj 3 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 upwind cop 4 upwind upwind ADJ Degree=Pos 10 blows advcl 5 of of ADP _ 6 something case 6 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 4 upwind obl 7 , , PUNCT _ 4 upwind punct 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 wind det 9 wind wind NOUN Number=Sing 10 blows nsubj 10 blows blow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 11 from from ADP _ 12 you case 12 you you PRON Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs 10 blows obl 13 towards towards ADP _ 14 it case 14 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 blows obl 15 . . PUNCT _ 10 blows punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a condition, not said to happen present you of something; upwind property tree rules 2 blow present the wind from you; towards it vn split-23.2 «NP V PP.co-patient»: agent=Patient from you=Co-Patient
Example 1 Stand upwind of the barbecue so the smoke does not blow in your face.
The tree, 14 words obj case det nmod mark det nsubj aux advmod advcl case nmod:poss obl punct root Stand VERB upwind NOUN of ADP the DET barbecue NOUN so SCONJ the DET smoke NOUN does AUX not PART blow VERB in ADP your PRON face NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Stand stand VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 upwind upwind NOUN Number=Sing 1 Stand obj 3 of of ADP _ 5 barbecue case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 barbecue det 5 barbecue barbecue NOUN Number=Sing 2 upwind nmod 6 so so SCONJ _ 11 blow mark 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 8 smoke det 8 smoke smoke NOUN Number=Sing 11 blow nsubj 9 does do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 blow aux 10 not not PART Polarity=Neg 11 blow advmod 11 blow blow VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Stand advcl 12 in in ADP _ 14 face case 13 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 14 face nmod:poss 14 face face NOUN Number=Sing 11 blow obl 15 . . PUNCT _ 1 Stand punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stand imperative you not said here upwind of the barbecue vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer upwind=Stimulus 2 not blow present · do-support the smoke your face vn split-23.2 «NP V apart»: agent=Patient
Example 2 The deer smelled us because we were upwind.
det nsubj obj mark nsubj advcl advmod punct root The DET deer NOUN smelled VERB us PRON because SCONJ we PRON were VERB upwind ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 deer det 2 deer deer NOUN Number=Sing 3 smelled nsubj 3 smelled smell VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 us we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 3 smelled obj 5 because because SCONJ _ 7 were mark 6 we we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 7 were nsubj 7 were be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 smelled advcl 8 upwind upwind ADV _ 7 were advmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 smelled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 smell past the deer us vn see-30.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer we=Stimulus 2 be past we upwind property vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 3 It is harder to sail upwind than downwind.
nsubj cop mark xcomp advmod case obl punct root It PRON is AUX harder ADJ to PART sail VERB upwind ADV than ADP downwind ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 harder nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 harder cop 3 harder hard ADJ Degree=Cmp root root 4 to to PART _ 5 sail mark 5 sail sail VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 harder xcomp 6 upwind upwind ADV _ 5 sail advmod 7 than than ADP _ 8 downwind case 8 downwind downwind ADJ Degree=Pos 5 sail obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 harder punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present It hard property tree rules 2 sail to-infinitive than downwind; upwind property vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent
Example 4 The factory is upwind of the town, so the smell reaches the houses.
The tree, 13 words det nsubj cop case det obl punct advmod det nsubj conj det obj punct root The DET factory NOUN is AUX upwind ADJ of ADP the DET town NOUN , PUNCT so ADV the DET smell NOUN reaches VERB the DET houses NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 factory det 2 factory factory NOUN Number=Sing 4 upwind nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 upwind cop 4 upwind upwind ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 of of ADP _ 7 town case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 town det 7 town town NOUN Number=Sing 4 upwind obl 8 , , PUNCT _ 12 reaches punct 9 so so ADV _ 12 reaches advmod 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 smell det 11 smell smell NOUN Number=Sing 12 reaches nsubj 12 reaches reach VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 upwind conj 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 houses det 14 houses house NOUN Number=Plur 12 reaches obj 15 . . PUNCT _ 4 upwind punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present the factory of the town; upwind property tree rules 2 reach present the smell the houses vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent house=Theme
Example 5 Keep upwind of any chemical spill.
obj case det amod nmod punct root Keep VERB upwind NOUN of ADP any DET chemical ADJ spill NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Keep keep VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 upwind upwind NOUN Number=Sing 1 Keep obj 3 of of ADP _ 6 spill case 4 any any DET PronType=Ind 6 spill det 5 chemical chemical ADJ Degree=Pos 6 spill amod 6 spill spill NOUN Number=Sing 2 upwind nmod 7 . . PUNCT _ 1 Keep punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 keep imperative you not said here upwind of any chemical spill vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent upwind=Theme
Example 6 We cycled upwind and it was hard work.
nsubj advmod cc nsubj cop amod conj punct root We PRON cycled VERB upwind ADV and CCONJ it PRON was AUX hard ADJ work NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 cycled nsubj 2 cycled cycle VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 upwind upwind ADV _ 2 cycled advmod 4 and and CCONJ _ 8 work cc 5 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 8 work nsubj 6 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 work cop 7 hard hard ADJ Degree=Pos 8 work amod 8 work work NOUN Number=Sing 2 cycled conj 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 cycled punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 cycle past We upwind property vn vehicle-51.4.1-1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme 2 is a past it hard work tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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