upward Who acts: prices, upward move, snail, lift, balloon, temperature · What happens: mean, go up, get, go, be, crawl · To what, where: one, 2, 4 floors, 50 metres, chimney, top · Speech: someone speaks here
«upward» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: upward in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Upward means going up, towards a higher place.
advmod xcomp compound:prt punct case det amod obl punct root Upward ADV means VERB going VERB up ADP , PUNCT towards ADP a DET higher ADJ place NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Upward upward ADV _ 2 means advmod 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 going go VERB VerbForm=Ger 2 means xcomp 4 up up ADP _ 3 going compound:prt 5 , , PUNCT _ 9 place punct 6 towards towards ADP _ 9 place case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 place det 8 higher high ADJ Degree=Cmp 9 place amod 9 place place NOUN Number=Sing 3 going obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present upward property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 go up not said to happen gerund towards a higher place vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Upward also means getting bigger or higher in number, like prices or temperature going upward.
The tree, 15 words advmod advmod ccomp xcomp cc conj case obl punct mark nsubj cc conj conj advmod punct root Upward ADV also ADV means VERB getting VERB bigger ADJ or CCONJ higher ADJ in ADP number NOUN , PUNCT like SCONJ prices NOUN or CCONJ temperature NOUN going VERB upward ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Upward upward ADV _ 3 means advmod 2 also also ADV _ 3 means advmod 3 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 getting get VERB VerbForm=Ger 3 means ccomp 5 bigger big ADJ Degree=Cmp 4 getting xcomp 6 or or CCONJ _ 7 higher cc 7 higher high ADJ Degree=Cmp 5 bigger conj 8 in in ADP _ 9 number case 9 number number NOUN Number=Sing 5 bigger obl 10 , , PUNCT _ 15 going punct 11 like like SCONJ _ 15 going mark 12 prices price NOUN Number=Plur 15 going nsubj 13 or or CCONJ _ 14 temperature cc 14 temperature temperature NOUN Number=Sing 12 prices conj 15 going go VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 4 getting conj 16 upward upward ADV _ 15 going advmod 17 . . PUNCT _ 3 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present upward property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 get gerund big property vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer 3 go gerund prices or temperature upward property vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Meaning 3 As an adjective, an upward move or slope is one that goes up.
The tree, 13 words case det obl punct det amod nsubj cc conj cop nsubj acl:relcl compound:prt punct root As ADP an DET adjective NOUN , PUNCT an DET upward ADJ move NOUN or CCONJ slope NOUN is AUX one NUM that PRON goes VERB up ADP . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 As as ADP _ 3 adjective case 2 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 adjective det 3 adjective adjective NOUN Number=Sing 11 one obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 adjective punct 5 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 move det 6 upward upward ADJ Degree=Pos 7 move amod 7 move move NOUN Number=Sing 11 one nsubj 8 or or CCONJ _ 9 slope cc 9 slope slope NOUN Number=Sing 7 move conj 10 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 one cop 11 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card root root 12 that that PRON PronType=Rel 13 goes nsubj 13 goes go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 one acl:relcl 14 up up ADP _ 13 goes compound:prt 15 . . PUNCT _ 11 one punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a upward move or slope one as a adjective tree rules 2 go up present vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
Example 1 The snail crawls 3 metres upward each day and slides 2 down at night.
The tree, 14 words det nsubj nummod obl:unmarked advmod det obl:unmarked cc conj obj advmod case obl punct root The DET snail NOUN crawls VERB 3 NUM metres NOUN upward ADV each DET day NOUN and CCONJ slides VERB 2 NUM down ADV at ADP night NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 snail det 2 snail snail NOUN Number=Sing 3 crawls nsubj 3 crawls crawl VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 3 3 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 5 metres nummod 5 metres metre NOUN Number=Plur 6 upward obl:unmarked 6 upward upward ADV _ 3 crawls advmod 7 each each DET PronType=Tot 8 day det 8 day day NOUN Number=Sing 3 crawls obl:unmarked 9 and and CCONJ _ 10 slides cc 10 slides slide VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 crawls conj 11 2 2 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 10 slides obj 12 down down ADV _ 10 slides advmod 13 at at ADP _ 14 night case 14 night night NOUN Number=Sing 10 slides obl 15 . . PUNCT _ 3 crawls punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 crawl present the snail day upward property vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 slide down present the snail not said here 2 night down property vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2=Agent
Example 2 The lift moved upward 4 floors.
det nsubj advmod nummod obj punct root The DET lift NOUN moved VERB upward ADV 4 NUM floors NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 lift det 2 lift lift NOUN Number=Sing 3 moved nsubj 3 moved move VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 upward upward ADV _ 5 4 advmod 5 4 4 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 floors nummod 6 floors floor NOUN Number=Plur 3 moved obj 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 moved punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 move past the lift 4 floors vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent floor=Theme
Example 3 The balloon rose upward 50 metres.
det nsubj advmod nummod obl:unmarked punct root The DET balloon NOUN rose VERB upward ADV 50 NUM metres NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 balloon det 2 balloon balloon NOUN Number=Sing 3 rose nsubj 3 rose rise VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 upward upward ADV _ 5 50 advmod 5 50 50 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 6 metres nummod 6 metres metre NOUN Number=Plur 3 rose obl:unmarked 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 rose punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 rise past the balloon 50 metres vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 4 The temperature went upward by 6 degrees.
det nsubj advmod case nummod obl punct root The DET temperature NOUN went VERB upward ADV by ADP 6 NUM degrees NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 temperature det 2 temperature temperature NOUN Number=Sing 3 went nsubj 3 went go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 upward upward ADV _ 3 went advmod 5 by by ADP _ 7 degrees case 6 6 6 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 7 degrees nummod 7 degrees degree NOUN Number=Plur 3 went obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 went punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go past the temperature by 6 degrees; upward property vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme by degree=Location
Example 5 Smoke drifts upward from the chimney.
nsubj advmod case det obl punct root Smoke NOUN drifts VERB upward ADV from ADP the DET chimney NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Smoke smoke NOUN Number=Sing 2 drifts nsubj 2 drifts drift VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 upward upward ADV _ 2 drifts advmod 4 from from ADP _ 6 chimney case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 chimney det 6 chimney chimney NOUN Number=Sing 2 drifts obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 drifts punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 drift present Smoke the chimney upward property vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from chimney=Trajectory
Example 6 She looked upward at the stars.
nsubj advmod case det obl punct root She PRON looked VERB upward ADV at ADP the DET stars NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 looked nsubj 2 looked look VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 upward upward ADV _ 2 looked advmod 4 at at ADP _ 6 stars case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 stars det 6 stars star NOUN Number=Plur 2 looked obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 2 looked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 look past She at the stars; upward property vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at star=Theme
Example 7 The line on the graph goes upward, so sales grew.
det nsubj case det nmod advmod punct advmod nsubj conj punct root The DET line NOUN on ADP the DET graph NOUN goes VERB upward ADV , PUNCT so ADV sales NOUN grew VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 line det 2 line line NOUN Number=Sing 6 goes nsubj 3 on on ADP _ 5 graph case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 graph det 5 graph graph NOUN Number=Sing 2 line nmod 6 goes go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 7 upward upward ADV _ 6 goes advmod 8 , , PUNCT _ 11 grew punct 9 so so ADV _ 11 grew advmod 10 sales sale NOUN Number=Plur 11 grew nsubj 11 grew grow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 goes conj 12 . . PUNCT _ 6 goes punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 go present the line on the graph upward property vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 grow past sales vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 8 Plants grow upward towards the sun.
nsubj advmod case det obl root Plants NOUN grow VERB upward ADV towards ADP the DET sun. NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Plants plant NOUN Number=Plur 2 grow nsubj 2 grow grow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 upward upward ADV _ 2 grow advmod 4 towards towards ADP _ 6 sun. case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 sun. det 6 sun. sun. NOUN Number=Sing 2 grow obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grow present Plants towards the sun.; upward property vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 9 The path climbs upward to the top of the hill.
det nsubj advmod case det obl case det nmod punct root The DET path NOUN climbs VERB upward ADV to ADP the DET top NOUN of ADP the DET hill NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 path det 2 path path NOUN Number=Sing 3 climbs nsubj 3 climbs climb VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 upward upward ADV _ 3 climbs advmod 5 to to ADP _ 7 top case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 top det 7 top top NOUN Number=Sing 3 climbs obl 8 of of ADP _ 10 hill case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 hill det 10 hill hill NOUN Number=Sing 7 top nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 climbs punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 climb present the path the top of the hill upward property vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to top=Destination
Example 10 Splash! splash! the water leaped upward into spray.
compound punct punct det conj acl advmod case obl punct root Splash NOUN ! PUNCT splash NOUN ! PUNCT the DET water NOUN leaped VERB upward ADV into ADP spray NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Splash splash NOUN Number=Sing 3 splash compound 2 ! ! PUNCT _ 1 Splash punct 3 splash splash NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 ! ! PUNCT _ 6 water punct 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 water det 6 water water NOUN Number=Sing 3 splash conj 7 leaped leap VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 6 water acl 8 upward upward ADV _ 7 leaped advmod 9 into into ADP _ 10 spray case 10 spray spray NOUN Number=Sing 7 leaped obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 splash punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 leap participle the water not said here spray upward property vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into spray=Destination
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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