useless Who acts: its, broken umbrella, It, I, pen, torch · What happens: do, job, have, break, be, argue · To what, where: job, effect, ink, us, maths · Speech: someone speaks here
«useless» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: useless in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Not useful; not able to do its job.
advmod punct advmod conj mark xcomp nmod:poss obj punct root Not PART useful ADJ ; PUNCT not PART able ADJ to PART do VERB its PRON job NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Not not PART Polarity=Neg 2 useful advmod 2 useful useful ADJ Degree=Pos root root 3 ; ; PUNCT _ 5 able punct 4 not not PART Polarity=Neg 5 able advmod 5 able able ADJ Degree=Pos 2 useful conj 6 to to PART _ 7 do mark 7 do do VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 able xcomp 8 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 job nmod:poss 9 job job NOUN Number=Sing 7 do obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 useful punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 do to-infinitive its job vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent job=Eventuality 2 job its = it nom job «act intransitive»: poss=agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
"A broken umbrella is useless."
punct det amod nsubj cop punct punct root " PUNCT A DET broken VERB umbrella NOUN is AUX useless ADJ . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 6 useless punct 2 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 umbrella det 3 broken break VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 umbrella amod 4 umbrella umbrella NOUN Number=Sing 6 useless nsubj 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 useless cop 6 useless useless ADJ Degree=Pos root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 useless punct 8 " " PUNCT _ 6 useless punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 break in a quote participle vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient 2 is in a quote present a broken umbrella useless property tree rules
Meaning 2 Having no effect.
det obj punct root Having VERB no DET effect NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Having have VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 2 no no DET PronType=Neg 3 effect det 3 effect effect NOUN Number=Sing 1 Having obj 4 . . PUNCT _ 1 Having punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have gerund no effect vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent effect=Patient
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
"It's useless to argue."
punct nsubj cop mark xcomp punct punct root " PUNCT It PRON 's AUX useless ADJ to PART argue VERB . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 4 useless punct 2 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 useless nsubj 3 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 useless cop 4 useless useless ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 to to PART _ 6 argue mark 6 argue argue VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 useless xcomp 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 useless punct 8 " " PUNCT _ 4 useless punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is in a quote present It useless property tree rules 2 argue speech: disagree in a quote to-infinitive vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Meaning 3 Informally, very bad at something.
advmod punct advmod case obl punct root Informally ADV , PUNCT very ADV bad ADJ at ADP something PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Informally informally ADV _ 4 bad advmod 2 , , PUNCT _ 1 Informally punct 3 very very ADV _ 4 bad advmod 4 bad bad ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 at at ADP _ 6 something case 6 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 4 bad obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 bad punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:
"I'm useless at drawing."
punct nsubj cop mark advcl punct punct root " PUNCT I PRON 'm AUX useless ADJ at SCONJ drawing VERB . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 " " PUNCT _ 4 useless punct 2 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 4 useless nsubj 3 'm be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 useless cop 4 useless useless ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 at at SCONJ _ 6 drawing mark 6 drawing draw VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 4 useless advcl 7 . . PUNCT _ 4 useless punct 8 " " PUNCT _ 4 useless punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is in a quote present I useless property tree rules 2 draw in a quote gerund I not said here vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
Example 1 This pen is useless; it has no ink.
det nsubj cop punct nsubj parataxis det obj punct root This DET pen NOUN is AUX useless ADJ ; PUNCT it PRON has VERB no DET ink NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 This this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 2 pen det 2 pen pen NOUN Number=Sing 4 useless nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 useless cop 4 useless useless ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 ; ; PUNCT _ 7 has punct 6 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 has nsubj 7 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 useless parataxis 8 no no DET PronType=Neg 9 ink det 9 ink ink NOUN Number=Sing 7 has obj 10 . . PUNCT _ 4 useless punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present this pen useless property tree rules 2 have present pen no ink vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ink=Patient
Example 2 A torch without batteries is useless.
det nsubj case nmod cop punct root A DET torch NOUN without ADP batteries NOUN is AUX useless ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 torch det 2 torch torch NOUN Number=Sing 6 useless nsubj 3 without without ADP _ 4 batteries case 4 batteries battery NOUN Number=Plur 2 torch nmod 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 useless cop 6 useless useless ADJ Degree=Pos root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 useless punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present a torch without batteries useless property tree rules
Example 3 It's useless to shout; nobody can hear us.
nsubj cop mark xcomp punct nsubj aux conj obj punct root It PRON 's AUX useless ADJ to PART shout VERB ; PUNCT nobody PRON can AUX hear VERB us PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 useless nsubj 2 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 useless cop 3 useless useless ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 to to PART _ 5 shout mark 5 shout shout VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 useless xcomp 6 ; ; PUNCT _ 9 hear punct 7 nobody nobody PRON Number=Sing PronType=Neg 9 hear nsubj 8 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 9 hear aux 9 hear hear VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 useless conj 10 us we PRON Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 9 hear obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 useless punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present It useless property tree rules 2 shout speech: express to-infinitive vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent 3 hear can nobody us vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer we=Stimulus
Example 4 Some numbers in the problem are useless for the answer.
det nsubj case det nmod cop case det obl punct root Some DET numbers NOUN in ADP the DET problem NOUN are AUX useless ADJ for ADP the DET answer NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Some some DET PronType=Ind 2 numbers det 2 numbers number NOUN Number=Plur 7 useless nsubj 3 in in ADP _ 5 problem case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 problem det 5 problem problem NOUN Number=Sing 2 numbers nmod 6 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 useless cop 7 useless useless ADJ Degree=Pos root root 8 for for ADP _ 10 answer case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 answer det 10 answer answer NOUN Number=Sing 7 useless obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 7 useless punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present some numbers in the problem for the answer; useless property tree rules
Example 5 I felt useless when I could not help.
nsubj xcomp mark nsubj aux advmod advcl punct root I PRON felt VERB useless ADJ when SCONJ I PRON could AUX not PART help VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 felt nsubj 2 felt feel VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 useless useless ADJ Degree=Pos 2 felt xcomp 4 when when SCONJ _ 8 help mark 5 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 8 help nsubj 6 could could AUX VerbForm=Fin 8 help aux 7 not not PART Polarity=Neg 8 help advmod 8 help help VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 felt advcl 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 felt punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 feel past I useless property vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus 2 not help could I vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent
Example 6 Don't say you are useless at maths; just keep practising.
aux advmod nsubj cop ccomp case obl punct advmod conj xcomp punct root Do AUX n't PART say VERB you PRON are AUX useless ADJ at ADP maths NOUN ; PUNCT just ADV keep VERB practising VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Do do AUX Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 say aux 2 n't not PART Polarity=Neg 3 say advmod 3 say say VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 4 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 6 useless nsubj 5 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 useless cop 6 useless useless ADJ Degree=Pos 3 say ccomp 7 at at ADP _ 8 maths case 8 maths math NOUN Number=Plur 6 useless obl 9 ; ; PUNCT _ 11 keep punct 10 just just ADV _ 11 keep advmod 11 keep keep VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 3 say conj 12 practising practise VERB VerbForm=Ger 11 keep xcomp 13 . . PUNCT _ 3 say punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not say speech: assert imperative · do-support you not said here vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 2 is present you maths useless property tree rules 3 keep infinitive you not said here tree rules 4 practise gerund you not said here tree rules
Example 7 Precautions are useless after the event.
nsubj cop case det obl punct root Precautions NOUN are AUX useless ADJ after ADP the DET event NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Precautions precaution NOUN Number=Plur 3 useless nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 useless cop 3 useless useless ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 after after ADP _ 6 event case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 event det 6 event event NOUN Number=Sing 3 useless obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 useless punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Precautions after the event useless property tree rules
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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