valentine Who acts: valentine, your, you, I, Sam, class · What happens: be, send, show, like, sign, name · To what, where: card, small gift, love, name, person, valentine · Speech: someone speaks here
«valentine» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: valentine in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A valentine is a card or small gift sent on Valentine's Day to show love or liking, often without signing your name.
The tree, 23 words det nsubj cop det cc amod conj acl case nmod:poss case obl mark advcl obj cc conj punct advmod mark conj nmod:poss obj punct root A DET valentine NOUN is AUX a DET card NOUN or CCONJ small ADJ gift NOUN sent VERB on ADP Valentine PROPN 's PART Day PROPN to PART show VERB love NOUN or CCONJ liking VERB , PUNCT often ADV without SCONJ signing VERB your PRON name NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 valentine det 2 valentine valentine NOUN Number=Sing 5 card nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 card cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 card det 5 card card NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 or or CCONJ _ 8 gift cc 7 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 8 gift amod 8 gift gift NOUN Number=Sing 5 card conj 9 sent send VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 gift acl 10 on on ADP _ 13 Day case 11 Valentine Valentine PROPN Number=Sing 13 Day nmod:poss 12 's 's PART _ 11 Valentine case 13 Day Day PROPN Number=Sing 9 sent obl 14 to to PART _ 15 show mark 15 show show VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 sent advcl 16 love love NOUN Number=Sing 15 show obj 17 or or CCONJ _ 18 liking cc 18 liking like VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 16 love conj 19 , , PUNCT _ 22 signing punct 20 often often ADV _ 22 signing advmod 21 without without SCONJ _ 22 signing mark 22 signing sign VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 18 liking conj 23 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 24 name nmod:poss 24 name name NOUN Number=Sing 22 signing obj 25 . . PUNCT _ 5 card punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a valentine a card or small gift tree rules 2 send participle small gift not said here on Valentine's Day vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 3 show to-infinitive love vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent love=Recipient 4 like gerund vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot 5 sign gerund your name often property vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent name=Destination 6 name your nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Your valentine is the person you send it to or love.
nmod:poss nsubj cop det nsubj acl:relcl obj obl cc conj punct root Your PRON valentine NOUN is AUX the DET person NOUN you PRON send VERB it PRON to ADP or CCONJ love NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 valentine nmod:poss 2 valentine valentine NOUN Number=Sing 5 person nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 person cop 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 person det 5 person person NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 7 send nsubj 7 send send VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 person acl:relcl 8 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 send obj 9 to to ADP _ 7 send obl 10 or or CCONJ _ 11 love cc 11 love love NOUN Number=Sing 5 person conj 12 . . PUNCT _ 5 person punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Your valentine the person or love tree rules 2 send present you valentine vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme
Meaning 3 Valentine is also a name, for example Saint Valentine, a Christian saint.
The tree, 12 words nsubj cop advmod det punct case nmod appos flat punct det amod parataxis punct root Valentine PROPN is AUX also ADV a DET name NOUN , PUNCT for ADP example NOUN Saint PROPN Valentine PROPN , PUNCT a DET Christian ADJ saint NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Valentine Valentine PROPN Number=Sing 5 name nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 name cop 3 also also ADV _ 5 name advmod 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 name det 5 name name NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 , , PUNCT _ 8 example punct 7 for for ADP _ 8 example case 8 example example NOUN Number=Sing 5 name nmod 9 Saint Saint PROPN Number=Sing 8 example appos 10 Valentine Valentine PROPN Number=Sing 9 Saint flat 11 , , PUNCT _ 14 saint punct 12 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 saint det 13 Christian Christian ADJ Degree=Pos 14 saint amod 14 saint saint NOUN Number=Sing 9 Saint parataxis 15 . . PUNCT _ 5 name punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Valentine a name for example tree rules
Example 1 I made a valentine with red hearts and glitter.
nsubj det obj case amod nmod cc conj punct root I PRON made VERB a DET valentine NOUN with ADP red ADJ hearts NOUN and CCONJ glitter NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 I I PRON Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 made nsubj 2 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 valentine det 4 valentine valentine NOUN Number=Sing 2 made obj 5 with with ADP _ 7 hearts case 6 red red ADJ Degree=Pos 7 hearts amod 7 hearts heart NOUN Number=Plur 4 valentine nmod 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 glitter cc 9 glitter glitter NOUN Number=Sing 7 hearts conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past I a valentine with red hearts and glitter vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent valentine=Product
Example 2 Will you be my valentine?
aux nsubj cop nmod:poss punct root Will AUX you PRON be AUX my PRON valentine NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Will will AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 valentine aux 2 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 5 valentine nsubj 3 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 5 valentine cop 4 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 valentine nmod:poss 5 valentine valentine NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 ? ? PUNCT _ 5 valentine punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a future you my valentine tree rules
Example 3 Sam got a valentine but did not know who sent it.
nsubj det obj cc aux advmod conj nsubj ccomp obj punct root Sam PROPN got VERB a DET valentine NOUN but CCONJ did AUX not PART know VERB who PRON sent VERB it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sam Sam PROPN Number=Sing 2 got nsubj 2 got get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 valentine det 4 valentine valentine NOUN Number=Sing 2 got obj 5 but but CCONJ _ 8 know cc 6 did do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 know aux 7 not not PART Polarity=Neg 8 know advmod 8 know know VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 got conj 9 who who PRON PronType=Rel 10 sent nsubj 10 sent send VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 know ccomp 11 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 sent obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 got punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 get past Sam a valentine vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer valentine=Stimulus 2 not know past · do-support Sam not said here vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus 3 send past valentine vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme
Example 4 Our class made valentines for the people in the care home.
nmod:poss nsubj obj case det obl case det nmod advmod punct root Our PRON class NOUN made VERB valentines NOUN for ADP the DET people NOUN in ADP the DET care NOUN home ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 class nmod:poss 2 class class NOUN Number=Sing 3 made nsubj 3 made make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 valentines valentine NOUN Number=Plur 3 made obj 5 for for ADP _ 7 people case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 people det 7 people people NOUN Number=Plur 3 made obl 8 in in ADP _ 10 care case 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 care det 10 care care NOUN Number=Sing 7 people nmod 11 home home ADV _ 3 made advmod 12 . . PUNCT _ 3 made punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make past Our class valentines for the people in the care; home property vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent valentine=Product for people=Beneficiary
Example 5 Mum and Dad are each other's valentines.
nsubj cc conj cop det amod case punct root Mum NOUN and CCONJ Dad NOUN are AUX each DET other ADJ 's PART valentines NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Mum mum NOUN Number=Sing 8 valentines nsubj 2 and and CCONJ _ 3 Dad cc 3 Dad dad NOUN Number=Sing 1 Mum conj 4 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 valentines cop 5 each each DET PronType=Tot 8 valentines det 6 other other ADJ Degree=Pos 8 valentines amod 7 's 's PART _ 6 other case 8 valentines valentine NOUN Number=Plur root root 9 . . PUNCT _ 8 valentines punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Mum and Dad each other valentines tree rules
Example 6 Saint Valentine is remembered by many churches.
compound nsubj aux:pass case amod obl punct root Saint PROPN Valentine PROPN is AUX remembered VERB by ADP many ADJ churches NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Saint Saint PROPN Number=Sing 2 Valentine compound 2 Valentine Valentine PROPN Number=Sing 4 remembered nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 remembered aux:pass 4 remembered remember VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 by by ADP _ 7 churches case 6 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 7 churches amod 7 churches church NOUN Number=Plur 4 remembered obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 4 remembered punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 remember present · passive many churches Saint Valentine vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent subject=Theme
Example 7 So Valentine took the right, and Oliver went straight on, and poor Jack took the left.
The tree, 16 words advmod nsubj det obj punct cc nsubj conj advmod advmod punct cc amod nsubj conj det obj punct root So ADV Valentine PROPN took VERB the DET right ADJ , PUNCT and CCONJ Oliver PROPN went VERB straight ADV on ADV , PUNCT and CCONJ poor ADJ Jack PROPN took VERB the DET left NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 So so ADV _ 3 took advmod 2 Valentine Valentine PROPN Number=Sing 3 took nsubj 3 took take VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 right det 5 right right ADJ Degree=Pos 3 took obj 6 , , PUNCT _ 9 went punct 7 and and CCONJ _ 9 went cc 8 Oliver Oliver PROPN Number=Sing 9 went nsubj 9 went go VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 took conj 10 straight straight ADV _ 11 on advmod 11 on on ADV _ 9 went advmod 12 , , PUNCT _ 16 took punct 13 and and CCONJ _ 16 took cc 14 poor poor ADJ Degree=Pos 15 Jack amod 15 Jack Jack PROPN Number=Sing 16 took nsubj 16 took take VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 3 took conj 17 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 18 left det 18 left left NOUN Number=Sing 16 took obj 19 . . PUNCT _ 3 took punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 take past Valentine the right vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent right=Theme 2 go past Oliver vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 take past poor Jack the left vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent left=Theme
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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