valediction Who acts: valediction, act, you, your, headteacher, poem · What happens: be, say, use, close, word, end · To what, where: act, goodbye, words, goodbye speech, letter, polite valediction · Speech: someone speaks here
«valediction» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: valediction in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.
A valediction is the act of saying goodbye, or the words you use to say goodbye.
The tree, 16 words det nsubj cop det mark acl obj punct cc det obl nsubj acl:relcl mark advcl obj punct root A DET valediction NOUN is AUX the DET act NOUN of SCONJ saying VERB goodbye NOUN , PUNCT or CCONJ the DET words NOUN you PRON use VERB to PART say VERB goodbye NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 valediction det 2 valediction valediction NOUN Number=Sing 5 act nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 act cop 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 act det 5 act act NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of SCONJ _ 7 saying mark 7 saying say VERB VerbForm=Ger 5 act acl 8 goodbye goodbye NOUN Number=Sing 7 saying obj 9 , , PUNCT _ 12 words punct 10 or or CCONJ _ 12 words cc 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 words det 12 words word NOUN Number=Plur 5 act obl 13 you you PRON Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs 14 use nsubj 14 use use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 words acl:relcl 15 to to PART _ 16 say mark 16 say say VERB VerbForm=Inf 14 use advcl 17 goodbye goodbye NOUN Number=Sing 16 say obj 18 . . PUNCT _ 5 act punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a valediction the act the words obl tree rules 2 say speech: assert gerund the act not said here goodbye vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent goodbye=Topic 3 use present you the words not said here vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Patient 4 say speech: assert to-infinitive you not said here goodbye vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent goodbye=Topic
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.
A valediction is a goodbye speech or poem, or the closing words of a letter, such as «Yours sincerely» or «Best wishes».
The tree, 22 words det nsubj cop det compound cc conj punct cc det amod conj case det nmod punct case fixed punct acl:relcl advmod punct cc punct amod conj punct punct root A DET valediction NOUN is AUX a DET goodbye NOUN speech NOUN or CCONJ poem NOUN , PUNCT or CCONJ the DET closing VERB words NOUN of ADP a DET letter NOUN , PUNCT such ADJ as ADP « PUNCT Yours PRON sincerely ADV » PUNCT or CCONJ « PUNCT Best ADJ wishes NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 valediction det 2 valediction valediction NOUN Number=Sing 6 speech nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 speech cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 speech det 5 goodbye goodbye NOUN Number=Sing 6 speech compound 6 speech speech NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 poem cc 8 poem poem NOUN Number=Sing 6 speech conj 9 , , PUNCT _ 13 words punct 10 or or CCONJ _ 13 words cc 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 words det 12 closing close VERB VerbForm=Ger 13 words amod 13 words word NOUN Number=Plur 6 speech conj 14 of of ADP _ 16 letter case 15 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 16 letter det 16 letter letter NOUN Number=Sing 13 words nmod 17 , , PUNCT _ 21 Yours punct 18 such such ADJ Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP 21 Yours case 19 as as ADP _ 18 such fixed 20 « « PUNCT _ 21 Yours punct 21 Yours your PRON Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 16 letter acl:relcl 22 sincerely sincerely ADV _ 23 » advmod 23 » » PUNCT _ 21 Yours punct 24 or or CCONJ _ 27 wishes cc 25 « « PUNCT _ 27 wishes punct 26 Best good ADJ Degree=Sup 27 wishes amod 27 wishes wish NOUN Number=Plur 21 Yours conj 28 » » PUNCT _ 21 Yours punct 29 . . PUNCT _ 6 speech punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a valediction a goodbye speech or poem or the closing words of a letter tree rules 2 close gerund vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient 3 word a letter nom word «communication transitive»: of=patient
Example 1 «Yours sincerely» is a polite valediction.
punct advmod punct cop det amod conj punct root « PUNCT Yours PRON sincerely ADV » PUNCT is AUX a DET polite ADJ valediction NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 « « PUNCT _ 2 Yours punct 2 Yours your PRON Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs root root 3 sincerely sincerely ADV _ 8 valediction advmod 4 » » PUNCT _ 3 sincerely punct 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 valediction cop 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 valediction det 7 polite polite ADJ Degree=Pos 8 valediction amod 8 valediction valediction NOUN Number=Sing 2 Yours conj 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 Yours punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a polite valediction sincerely property tree rules
Example 2 End your letter with a valediction and your name.
nmod:poss obj case det obl cc nmod:poss conj punct root End VERB your PRON letter NOUN with ADP a DET valediction NOUN and CCONJ your PRON name NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 End end VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 letter nmod:poss 3 letter letter NOUN Number=Sing 1 End obj 4 with with ADP _ 6 valediction case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 valediction det 6 valediction valediction NOUN Number=Sing 1 End obl 7 and and CCONJ _ 9 name cc 8 your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 name nmod:poss 9 name name NOUN Number=Sing 6 valediction conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 1 End punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 end imperative you not said here your letter with a valediction and your name vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality PP.subeventuality»: agent=Affector letter=Eventuality with valediction=Subeventuality 2 letter your nom letter «communication transitive»: poss=agent 3 name your nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent
Example 3 The headteacher gave a short valediction at the leaving party.
det nsubj det amod obj case det amod obl punct root The DET headteacher NOUN gave VERB a DET short ADJ valediction NOUN at ADP the DET leaving VERB party NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 headteacher det 2 headteacher headteacher NOUN Number=Sing 3 gave nsubj 3 gave give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 valediction det 5 short short ADJ Degree=Pos 6 valediction amod 6 valediction valediction NOUN Number=Sing 3 gave obj 7 at at ADP _ 10 party case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 party det 9 leaving leave VERB VerbForm=Ger 10 party amod 10 party party NOUN Number=Sing 3 gave obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 gave punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give past the headteacher a short valediction the leaving party vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent valediction=Theme at party=Asset 2 leave gerund vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 4 The poem is a valediction to a friend going away.
det nsubj cop det case det nmod acl advmod punct root The DET poem NOUN is AUX a DET valediction NOUN to ADP a DET friend NOUN going VERB away ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 poem det 2 poem poem NOUN Number=Sing 5 valediction nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 valediction cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 valediction det 5 valediction valediction NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 to to ADP _ 8 friend case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 friend det 8 friend friend NOUN Number=Sing 5 valediction nmod 9 going go VERB VerbForm=Ger 8 friend acl 10 away away ADV _ 9 going advmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 valediction punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the poem a valediction to a friend tree rules 2 go away gerund a friend not said here away property vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 5 A text message rarely has a valediction.
det compound nsubj advmod det obj punct root A DET text NOUN message NOUN rarely ADV has VERB a DET valediction NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 message det 2 text text NOUN Number=Sing 3 message compound 3 message message NOUN Number=Sing 5 has nsubj 4 rarely rarely ADV _ 5 has advmod 5 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 valediction det 7 valediction valediction NOUN Number=Sing 5 has obj 8 . . PUNCT _ 5 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present a text message a valediction rarely property vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent valediction=Patient
Example 6 The valedictorian gave a valediction at graduation.
det nsubj det obj case obl punct root The DET valedictorian NOUN gave VERB a DET valediction NOUN at ADP graduation NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 valedictorian det 2 valedictorian valedictorian NOUN Number=Sing 3 gave nsubj 3 gave give VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 valediction det 5 valediction valediction NOUN Number=Sing 3 gave obj 6 at at ADP _ 7 graduation case 7 graduation graduation NOUN Number=Sing 3 gave obl 8 . . PUNCT _ 3 gave punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 give past the valedictorian a valediction graduation vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent valediction=Theme at graduation=Asset
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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