valve Who acts: valve, part, liquid, heart, valves, buttons · What happens: be, open, close, control, flow, have · To what, where: part, pipe, valves, body, one way, buttons
«valve» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: valve in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A valve is a part that opens and closes to control how a liquid or gas flows through a pipe or tube.
The tree, 22 words det nsubj cop det nsubj acl:relcl cc conj mark xcomp advmod det nsubj cc conj advcl case det obl cc conj punct root A DET valve NOUN is AUX a DET part NOUN that PRON opens VERB and CCONJ closes VERB to PART control VERB how ADV a DET liquid NOUN or CCONJ gas NOUN flows VERB through ADP a DET pipe NOUN or CCONJ tube NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 valve det 2 valve valve NOUN Number=Sing 5 part nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 part cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 part det 5 part part NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 that that PRON PronType=Rel 7 opens nsubj 7 opens open VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 part acl:relcl 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 closes cc 9 closes close VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 opens conj 10 to to PART _ 11 control mark 11 control control VERB VerbForm=Inf 9 closes xcomp 12 how how ADV PronType=Int 17 flows advmod 13 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 14 liquid det 14 liquid liquid NOUN Number=Sing 17 flows nsubj 15 or or CCONJ _ 16 gas cc 16 gas gas NOUN Number=Sing 14 liquid conj 17 flows flow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 control advcl 18 through through ADP _ 20 pipe case 19 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 20 pipe det 20 pipe pipe NOUN Number=Sing 17 flows obl 21 or or CCONJ _ 22 tube cc 22 tube tube NOUN Number=Sing 20 pipe conj 23 . . PUNCT _ 5 part punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a valve a part tree rules 2 open present a part vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 close present a part not said here tree rules 4 control to-infinitive a part not said here vn enforce-63 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent 5 flow present a liquid or gas a pipe or tube vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through pipe=Location
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 In the body, the heart has valves that let blood flow only one way.
The tree, 14 words case det obl punct det nsubj obj nsubj acl:relcl compound xcomp advmod nummod obj punct root In ADP the DET body NOUN , PUNCT the DET heart NOUN has VERB valves NOUN that PRON let VERB blood NOUN flow VERB only ADV one NUM way NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 3 body case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 body det 3 body body NOUN Number=Sing 7 has obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 body punct 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 heart det 6 heart heart NOUN Number=Sing 7 has nsubj 7 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 8 valves valve NOUN Number=Plur 7 has obj 9 that that PRON PronType=Rel 10 let nsubj 10 let let VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 valves acl:relcl 11 blood blood NOUN Number=Sing 12 flow compound 12 flow flow VERB VerbForm=Inf 10 let xcomp 13 only only ADV _ 14 one advmod 14 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 15 way nummod 15 way way NOUN Number=Sing 12 flow obj 16 . . PUNCT _ 7 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present the heart valves the body vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent valve=Patient 2 let present valves tree rules 3 flow infinitive valves not said here one way vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location way=Theme
Meaning 3 On some brass instruments like the trumpet, valves are buttons that change the note.
The tree, 14 words case det compound case det nmod punct nsubj cop conj nsubj acl:relcl det obj punct root On ADP some DET brass NOUN instruments NOUN like ADP the DET trumpet NOUN , PUNCT valves NOUN are AUX buttons NOUN that PRON change VERB the DET note NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 On on ADP _ 4 instruments case 2 some some DET PronType=Ind 4 instruments det 3 brass brass NOUN Number=Sing 4 instruments compound 4 instruments instrument NOUN Number=Plur root root 5 like like ADP _ 7 trumpet case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 trumpet det 7 trumpet trumpet NOUN Number=Sing 4 instruments nmod 8 , , PUNCT _ 11 buttons punct 9 valves valve NOUN Number=Plur 11 buttons nsubj 10 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 buttons cop 11 buttons button NOUN Number=Plur 7 trumpet conj 12 that that PRON PronType=Rel 13 change nsubj 13 change change VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 buttons acl:relcl 14 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 15 note det 15 note note NOUN Number=Sing 13 change obj 16 . . PUNCT _ 4 instruments punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present valves buttons tree rules 2 change present buttons the note vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent note=Patient
Example 1 The heart has four valves.
det nsubj nummod obj punct root The DET heart NOUN has VERB four NUM valves NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 heart det 2 heart heart NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 four four NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 5 valves nummod 5 valves valve NOUN Number=Plur 3 has obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present the heart four valves vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent valve=Patient
Example 2 Push the pump onto the valve to blow up the ball.
det obj case det obl mark advcl compound:prt det obj punct root Push VERB the DET pump NOUN onto ADP the DET valve NOUN to PART blow VERB up ADP the DET ball NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Push push VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin root root 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 pump det 3 pump pump NOUN Number=Sing 1 Push obj 4 onto onto ADP _ 6 valve case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 valve det 6 valve valve NOUN Number=Sing 1 Push obl 7 to to PART _ 8 blow mark 8 blow blow VERB VerbForm=Inf 1 Push advcl 9 up up ADP _ 8 blow compound:prt 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 ball det 11 ball ball NOUN Number=Sing 8 blow obj 12 . . PUNCT _ 1 Push punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 push imperative you not said here the pump the valve vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent pump=Theme onto valve=Destination 2 blow up to-infinitive you not said here the ball vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent ball=Patient
Example 3 A valve stops the blood from going backwards.
det nsubj det obj mark advcl advmod punct root A DET valve NOUN stops VERB the DET blood NOUN from SCONJ going VERB backwards ADV . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 valve det 2 valve valve NOUN Number=Sing 3 stops nsubj 3 stops stop VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 blood det 5 blood blood NOUN Number=Sing 3 stops obj 6 from from SCONJ _ 7 going mark 7 going go VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 stops advcl 8 backwards backwards ADV _ 7 going advmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 stops punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 stop present a valve the blood vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality blood=Eventuality 2 go gerund a valve not said here backwards property vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 4 The plumber closed the valve to turn off the water.
det nsubj det obj mark advcl compound:prt det obj punct root The DET plumber NOUN closed VERB the DET valve NOUN to PART turn VERB off ADP the DET water NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 plumber det 2 plumber plumber NOUN Number=Sing 3 closed nsubj 3 closed close VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 valve det 5 valve valve NOUN Number=Sing 3 closed obj 6 to to PART _ 7 turn mark 7 turn turn VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 closed advcl 8 off off ADP _ 7 turn compound:prt 9 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 10 water det 10 water water NOUN Number=Sing 7 turn obj 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 closed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 close past the plumber the valve vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent valve=Patient 2 turn off to-infinitive the plumber not said here the water vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent water=Patient
Example 5 The trumpet has three valves.
det nsubj nummod obj punct root The DET trumpet NOUN has VERB three NUM valves NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 trumpet det 2 trumpet trumpet NOUN Number=Sing 3 has nsubj 3 has have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 three three NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 5 valves nummod 5 valves valve NOUN Number=Plur 3 has obj 6 . . PUNCT _ 3 has punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present the trumpet three valves vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent valve=Patient
Example 6 A safety valve lets out steam if the pressure gets too high.
det compound nsubj compound:prt obj mark det nsubj advcl advmod xcomp punct root A DET safety NOUN valve NOUN lets VERB out ADP steam NOUN if SCONJ the DET pressure NOUN gets VERB too ADV high ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 valve det 2 safety safety NOUN Number=Sing 3 valve compound 3 valve valve NOUN Number=Sing 4 lets nsubj 4 lets let VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 out out ADP _ 4 lets compound:prt 6 steam steam NOUN Number=Sing 4 lets obj 7 if if SCONJ _ 10 gets mark 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 pressure det 9 pressure pressure NOUN Number=Sing 10 gets nsubj 10 gets get VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 lets advcl 11 too too ADV _ 12 high advmod 12 high high ADJ Degree=Pos 10 gets xcomp 13 . . PUNCT _ 4 lets punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 let out present a safety valve steam vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent steam=Theme 2 get a condition, not said to happen present the pressure high property vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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