verge Who acts: verge, We, She, Scientists, joke, His · What happens: be, mean, do, happen, verge, walk · To what, where: strip, road, verge, something, thing, rude · Speech: someone speaks here
«verge» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: verge in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A verge is the strip of grass beside a road or path.
det nsubj cop det case nmod case det nmod cc conj punct root A DET verge NOUN is AUX the DET strip NOUN of ADP grass NOUN beside ADP a DET road NOUN or CCONJ path NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 verge det 2 verge verge NOUN Number=Sing 5 strip nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 strip cop 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 strip det 5 strip strip NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 7 grass case 7 grass grass NOUN Number=Sing 5 strip nmod 8 beside beside ADP _ 10 road case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 road det 10 road road NOUN Number=Sing 5 strip nmod 11 or or CCONJ _ 12 path cc 12 path path NOUN Number=Sing 10 road conj 13 . . PUNCT _ 5 strip punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a verge the strip a road or path of grass tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 On the verge of means very close to doing something or to something happening, as in «on the verge of tears».
The tree, 21 words case det obl case advmod xcomp mark advcl obj cc case conj acl punct mark case punct case det obl case nmod punct punct root On ADP the DET verge NOUN of ADP means VERB very ADV close ADJ to SCONJ doing VERB something PRON or CCONJ to ADP something PRON happening VERB , PUNCT as SCONJ in ADP « PUNCT on ADP the DET verge NOUN of ADP tears NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 On on ADP _ 3 verge case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 verge det 3 verge verge NOUN Number=Sing 5 means obl 4 of of ADP _ 5 means case 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 very very ADV _ 7 close advmod 7 close close ADJ Degree=Pos 5 means xcomp 8 to to SCONJ _ 9 doing mark 9 doing do VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 7 close advcl 10 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 9 doing obj 11 or or CCONJ _ 13 something cc 12 to to ADP _ 13 something case 13 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 10 something conj 14 happening happen VERB VerbForm=Ger 13 something acl 15 , , PUNCT _ 21 verge punct 16 as as SCONJ _ 21 verge mark 17 in in ADP _ 21 verge case 18 « « PUNCT _ 21 verge punct 19 on on ADP _ 21 verge case 20 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 21 verge det 21 verge verge NOUN Number=Sing 14 happening obl 22 of of ADP _ 23 tears case 23 tears tear NOUN Number=Plur 21 verge nmod 24 » » PUNCT _ 21 verge punct 25 . . PUNCT _ 5 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present the verge close property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent 2 do gerund something vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality 3 happen gerund the verge of tears vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in verge=Location
Meaning 3 To verge on something means to be almost that thing, as in «verging on rude».
The tree, 15 words mark csubj case obl mark cop advmod det ccomp punct mark mark punct appos case obl punct punct root To PART verge VERB on ADP something PRON means VERB to PART be AUX almost ADV that DET thing NOUN , PUNCT as SCONJ in SCONJ « PUNCT verging VERB on ADP rude ADJ » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 To to PART _ 2 verge mark 2 verge verge VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 means csubj 3 on on ADP _ 4 something case 4 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 2 verge obl 5 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 6 to to PART _ 10 thing mark 7 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 10 thing cop 8 almost almost ADV _ 10 thing advmod 9 that that DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 10 thing det 10 thing thing NOUN Number=Sing 5 means ccomp 11 , , PUNCT _ 15 verging punct 12 as as SCONJ _ 15 verging mark 13 in in SCONJ _ 15 verging mark 14 « « PUNCT _ 15 verging punct 15 verging verge VERB VerbForm=Ger 10 thing appos 16 on on ADP _ 17 rude case 17 rude rude ADJ Degree=Pos 15 verging obl 18 » » PUNCT _ 15 verging punct 19 . . PUNCT _ 5 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 verge to-infinitive something tree rules 2 mean present vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent 3 is a not said to happen to-infinitive that thing almost property tree rules 4 verge in a quote gerund rude tree rules
Meaning 4 A verge can also be the edge of something, such as the edge of a stream or of a wide plain.
The tree, 21 words det nsubj aux advmod cop det case nmod punct case fixed det nmod case det nmod cc case det amod conj punct root A DET verge NOUN can AUX also ADV be AUX the DET edge NOUN of ADP something PRON , PUNCT such ADJ as ADP the DET edge NOUN of ADP a DET stream NOUN or CCONJ of ADP a DET wide ADJ plain NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 verge det 2 verge verge NOUN Number=Sing 7 edge nsubj 3 can can AUX VerbForm=Fin 7 edge aux 4 also also ADV _ 7 edge advmod 5 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 7 edge cop 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 edge det 7 edge edge NOUN Number=Sing root root 8 of of ADP _ 9 something case 9 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 7 edge nmod 10 , , PUNCT _ 14 edge punct 11 such such ADJ Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP 14 edge case 12 as as ADP _ 11 such fixed 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 edge det 14 edge edge NOUN Number=Sing 9 something nmod 15 of of ADP _ 17 stream case 16 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 17 stream det 17 stream stream NOUN Number=Sing 14 edge nmod 18 or or CCONJ _ 22 plain cc 19 of of ADP _ 22 plain case 20 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 22 plain det 21 wide wide ADJ Degree=Pos 22 plain amod 22 plain plain NOUN Number=Sing 17 stream conj 23 . . PUNCT _ 7 edge punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a can a verge the edge of something tree rules
Example 1 We walked along the grass verge to the farm.
nsubj case det compound obl case det obl punct root We PRON walked VERB along ADP the DET grass NOUN verge NOUN to ADP the DET farm NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 We we PRON Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs 2 walked nsubj 2 walked walk VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 along along ADP _ 6 verge case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 verge det 5 grass grass NOUN Number=Sing 6 verge compound 6 verge verge NOUN Number=Sing 2 walked obl 7 to to ADP _ 9 farm case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 farm det 9 farm farm NOUN Number=Sing 2 walked obl 10 . . PUNCT _ 2 walked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 walk past We along the grass verge; to the farm result vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to farm=Result
Example 2 Park on the verge, not on the road.
case det nmod punct advmod case det conj punct root Park NOUN on ADP the DET verge NOUN , PUNCT not PART on ADP the DET road NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Park park NOUN Number=Sing root root 2 on on ADP _ 4 verge case 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 verge det 4 verge verge NOUN Number=Sing 1 Park nmod 5 , , PUNCT _ 9 road punct 6 not not PART Polarity=Neg 9 road advmod 7 on on ADP _ 9 road case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 road det 9 road road NOUN Number=Sing 1 Park conj 10 . . PUNCT _ 1 Park punct
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Example 3 She was on the verge of tears when she lost her dog.
nsubj cop case det case nmod mark nsubj advcl nmod:poss obj punct root She PRON was AUX on ADP the DET verge NOUN of ADP tears NOUN when SCONJ she PRON lost VERB her PRON dog NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 She she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 verge nsubj 2 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 verge cop 3 on on ADP _ 5 verge case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 verge det 5 verge verge NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 7 tears case 7 tears tear NOUN Number=Plur 5 verge nmod 8 when when SCONJ _ 10 lost mark 9 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 lost nsubj 10 lost lose VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 5 verge advcl 11 her her PRON Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 12 dog nmod:poss 12 dog dog NOUN Number=Sing 10 lost obj 13 . . PUNCT _ 5 verge punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past She the verge of tears tree rules 2 lose past she her dog vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dog=Eventuality
Example 4 Scientists are on the verge of a big discovery.
nsubj cop case det case det amod nmod punct root Scientists NOUN are AUX on ADP the DET verge NOUN of ADP a DET big ADJ discovery NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Scientists scientist NOUN Number=Plur 5 verge nsubj 2 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 verge cop 3 on on ADP _ 5 verge case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 verge det 5 verge verge NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 9 discovery case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 discovery det 8 big big ADJ Degree=Pos 9 discovery amod 9 discovery discovery NOUN Number=Sing 5 verge nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 5 verge punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Scientists the verge of a big discovery tree rules
Example 5 His joke verged on being mean.
nmod:poss nsubj case cop obl punct root His PRON joke NOUN verged VERB on ADP being AUX mean ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 His his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 joke nmod:poss 2 joke joke NOUN Number=Sing 3 verged nsubj 3 verged verge VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 on on ADP _ 6 mean case 5 being be AUX Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 6 mean cop 6 mean mean ADJ Degree=Pos 3 verged obl 7 . . PUNCT _ 3 verged punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 verge past His joke tree rules 2 is gerund mean property tree rules 3 joke His = he nom joke «communication intransitive»: poss=agent
Example 6 Wildflowers grow on the road verges in summer.
nsubj case det compound obl case nmod punct root Wildflowers NOUN grow VERB on ADP the DET road NOUN verges NOUN in ADP summer NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Wildflowers wildflower NOUN Number=Plur 2 grow nsubj 2 grow grow VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 on on ADP _ 6 verges case 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 verges det 5 road road NOUN Number=Sing 6 verges compound 6 verges verge NOUN Number=Plur 2 grow obl 7 in in ADP _ 8 summer case 8 summer summer NOUN Number=Sing 6 verges nmod 9 . . PUNCT _ 2 grow punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 grow present Wildflowers the road verges in summer vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on verge=Location
Example 7 At the end of a village on the verge of the steppe dwelt two brothers, one rich and the other poor.
The tree, 21 words case det obl case det nmod case det nmod case det nmod nummod obj punct nummod amod cc det amod conj punct root At ADP the DET end NOUN of ADP a DET village NOUN on ADP the DET verge NOUN of ADP the DET steppe NOUN dwelt VERB two NUM brothers NOUN , PUNCT one NUM rich ADJ and CCONJ the DET other ADJ poor ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 At at ADP _ 3 end case 2 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 end det 3 end end NOUN Number=Sing 13 dwelt obl 4 of of ADP _ 6 village case 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 village det 6 village village NOUN Number=Sing 3 end nmod 7 on on ADP _ 9 verge case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 verge det 9 verge verge NOUN Number=Sing 6 village nmod 10 of of ADP _ 12 steppe case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 steppe det 12 steppe steppe NOUN Number=Sing 9 verge nmod 13 dwelt dwell VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 14 two two NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 15 brothers nummod 15 brothers brother NOUN Number=Plur 13 dwelt obj 16 , , PUNCT _ 18 rich punct 17 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 18 rich nummod 18 rich rich ADJ Degree=Pos 15 brothers amod 19 and and CCONJ _ 22 poor cc 20 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 22 poor det 21 other other ADJ Degree=Pos 22 poor amod 22 poor poor ADJ Degree=Pos 18 rich conj 23 . . PUNCT _ 13 dwelt punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 dwell past two brothers at the end of a village on the verge of the steppe vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme brother=Location
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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