vestige Who acts: vestige, vestigial body part, part, human tailbone, distant ancestors, whales · What happens: be, leave, use, exist, lose, have · To what, where: small part, trace, one, science, most, vestige
«vestige» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: vestige in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A vestige is a small part or trace that is left of something that used to be bigger or used to exist: «the last vestiges of the castle».
The tree, 28 words det nsubj cop det amod cc conj nsubj:pass aux:pass acl:relcl case obl nsubj acl:relcl mark cop ccomp cc conj mark xcomp punct punct det amod appos case det nmod punct punct root A DET vestige NOUN is AUX a DET small ADJ part NOUN or CCONJ trace NOUN that PRON is AUX left VERB of ADP something PRON that PRON used VERB to PART be AUX bigger ADJ or CCONJ used VERB to PART exist VERB : PUNCT « PUNCT the DET last ADJ vestiges NOUN of ADP the DET castle NOUN » PUNCT . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 vestige det 2 vestige vestige NOUN Number=Sing 6 part nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 part cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 part det 5 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 6 part amod 6 part part NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 or or CCONJ _ 8 trace cc 8 trace trace NOUN Number=Sing 6 part conj 9 that that PRON PronType=Rel 11 left nsubj:pass 10 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 left aux:pass 11 left leave VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 trace acl:relcl 12 of of ADP _ 13 something case 13 something something PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 11 left obl 14 that that PRON PronType=Rel 15 used nsubj 15 used use VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 13 something acl:relcl 16 to to PART _ 18 bigger mark 17 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 18 bigger cop 18 bigger big ADJ Degree=Cmp 15 used ccomp 19 or or CCONJ _ 20 used cc 20 used use VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 11 left conj 21 to to PART _ 22 exist mark 22 exist exist VERB VerbForm=Inf 20 used xcomp 23 : : PUNCT _ 27 vestiges punct 24 « « PUNCT _ 27 vestiges punct 25 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 27 vestiges det 26 last last ADJ Degree=Pos 27 vestiges amod 27 vestiges vestige NOUN Number=Plur 6 part appos 28 of of ADP _ 30 castle case 29 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 30 castle det 30 castle castle NOUN Number=Sing 27 vestiges nmod 31 » » PUNCT _ 27 vestiges punct 32 . . PUNCT _ 6 part punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a vestige a small part or trace tree rules 2 leave present · passive trace of something vn leave-51.2-1 «NP V NP.initial_location PP.destination»: subject=Source of something=Destination 3 use past vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 4 is to-infinitive big property tree rules 5 use participle vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality 6 exist to-infinitive vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 In science, a vestigial body part is one that has lost most of its old use, like the tiny leg bones inside some whales.
The tree, 24 words case obl punct det amod compound nsubj cop nsubj:pass aux acl:relcl obj case nmod:poss amod nmod punct case det amod compound nmod case det nmod punct root In ADP science NOUN , PUNCT a DET vestigial ADJ body NOUN part NOUN is AUX one NUM that PRON has AUX lost VERB most ADJ of ADP its PRON old ADJ use NOUN , PUNCT like ADP the DET tiny ADJ leg NOUN bones NOUN inside ADP some DET whales NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 In in ADP _ 2 science case 2 science science NOUN Number=Sing 9 one obl 3 , , PUNCT _ 2 science punct 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 7 part det 5 vestigial vestigial ADJ Degree=Pos 7 part amod 6 body body NOUN Number=Sing 7 part compound 7 part part NOUN Number=Sing 9 one nsubj 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 one cop 9 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card root root 10 that that PRON PronType=Rel 12 lost nsubj:pass 11 has have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 lost aux 12 lost lose VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 9 one acl:relcl 13 most most ADJ Degree=Sup 12 lost obj 14 of of ADP _ 17 use case 15 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 17 use nmod:poss 16 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 17 use amod 17 use use NOUN Number=Sing 13 most nmod 18 , , PUNCT _ 23 bones punct 19 like like ADP _ 23 bones case 20 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 23 bones det 21 tiny tiny ADJ Degree=Pos 23 bones amod 22 leg leg NOUN Number=Sing 23 bones compound 23 bones bone NOUN Number=Plur 17 use nmod 24 inside inside ADP _ 26 whales case 25 some some DET PronType=Ind 26 whales det 26 whales whale NOUN Number=Plur 23 bones nmod 27 . . PUNCT _ 9 one punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a vestigial body part one science tree rules 2 lose present · perfect · passive most of part's old use like the tiny leg bones inside some whales tree rules 3 use part like the tiny leg bones inside some whales nom use «act transitive»: poss=agent like=obl
Example 1 Only a vestige of the Roman wall is left in the town.
advmod det nsubj:pass case det amod nmod aux:pass case det obl punct root Only ADV a DET vestige NOUN of ADP the DET Roman ADJ wall NOUN is AUX left VERB in ADP the DET town NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Only only ADV _ 3 vestige advmod 2 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 3 vestige det 3 vestige vestige NOUN Number=Sing 9 left nsubj:pass 4 of of ADP _ 7 wall case 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 wall det 6 Roman roman ADJ Degree=Pos 7 wall amod 7 wall wall NOUN Number=Sing 3 vestige nmod 8 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 9 left aux:pass 9 left leave VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 10 in in ADP _ 12 town case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 town det 12 town town NOUN Number=Sing 9 left obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 9 left punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 leave present · passive a vestige of the Roman wall the town vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Theme in town=Location
Example 2 There was not a vestige of food left after the party.
expl advmod det nsubj case nmod acl case det obl punct root There PRON was VERB not PART a DET vestige NOUN of ADP food NOUN left VERB after ADP the DET party NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 There there PRON PronType=Dem 2 was expl 2 was be VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 3 not not PART Polarity=Neg 5 vestige advmod 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 vestige det 5 vestige vestige NOUN Number=Sing 2 was nsubj 6 of of ADP _ 7 food case 7 food food NOUN Number=Sing 5 vestige nmod 8 left leave VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 7 food acl 9 after after ADP _ 11 party case 10 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 party det 11 party party NOUN Number=Sing 8 left obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 was punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 be past a vestige of food there vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 2 leave participle food not said here after the party vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Example 3 The human tailbone is a vestige of a tail our distant ancestors had.
det amod nsubj cop det case det nmod nmod:poss amod nsubj acl:relcl punct root The DET human ADJ tailbone NOUN is AUX a DET vestige NOUN of ADP a DET tail NOUN our PRON distant ADJ ancestors NOUN had VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 tailbone det 2 human human ADJ Degree=Pos 3 tailbone amod 3 tailbone tailbone NOUN Number=Sing 6 vestige nsubj 4 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 vestige cop 5 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 vestige det 6 vestige vestige NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 of of ADP _ 9 tail case 8 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 9 tail det 9 tail tail NOUN Number=Sing 6 vestige nmod 10 our our PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 12 ancestors nmod:poss 11 distant distant ADJ Degree=Pos 12 ancestors amod 12 ancestors ancestor NOUN Number=Plur 13 had nsubj 13 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 6 vestige acl:relcl 14 . . PUNCT _ 6 vestige punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the human tailbone a vestige of a tail tree rules 2 have past our distant ancestors a vestige not said here vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent vestige=Patient
Example 4 The last vestiges of snow melted in April.
det amod case nmod acl case obl punct root The DET last ADJ vestiges NOUN of ADP snow NOUN melted VERB in ADP April PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 vestiges det 2 last last ADJ Degree=Pos 3 vestiges amod 3 vestiges vestige NOUN Number=Plur root root 4 of of ADP _ 5 snow case 5 snow snow NOUN Number=Sing 3 vestiges nmod 6 melted melt VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 snow acl 7 in in ADP _ 8 April case 8 April April PROPN Number=Sing 6 melted obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 vestiges punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 melt participle snow not said here april vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
Example 5 Some whales have vestiges of back-leg bones inside their bodies.
det nsubj obj case compound punct compound nmod case nmod:poss nmod punct root Some DET whales NOUN have VERB vestiges NOUN of ADP back NOUN - PUNCT leg NOUN bones NOUN inside ADP their PRON bodies NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Some some DET PronType=Ind 2 whales det 2 whales whale NOUN Number=Plur 3 have nsubj 3 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 vestiges vestige NOUN Number=Plur 3 have obj 5 of of ADP _ 9 bones case 6 back back NOUN Number=Sing 8 leg compound 7 - - PUNCT _ 6 back punct 8 leg leg NOUN Number=Sing 9 bones compound 9 bones bone NOUN Number=Plur 4 vestiges nmod 10 inside inside ADP _ 12 bodies case 11 their their PRON Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 12 bodies nmod:poss 12 bodies body NOUN Number=Plur 9 bones nmod 13 . . PUNCT _ 3 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present some whales vestiges of leg bones inside whales's bodies vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent vestige=Patient
Example 6 The custom is a vestige of an old harvest festival.
det nsubj cop det case det amod compound nmod punct root The DET custom NOUN is AUX a DET vestige NOUN of ADP an DET old ADJ harvest NOUN festival NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 custom det 2 custom custom NOUN Number=Sing 5 vestige nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 vestige cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 vestige det 5 vestige vestige NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 of of ADP _ 10 festival case 7 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 festival det 8 old old ADJ Degree=Pos 10 festival amod 9 harvest harvest NOUN Number=Sing 10 festival compound 10 festival festival NOUN Number=Sing 5 vestige nmod 11 . . PUNCT _ 5 vestige punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the custom a vestige of a old harvest festival tree rules
Example 7 The Argo was consecrated to Poseidon, and was carefully preserved for many generations till no vestige of it remained, when it was placed in the heavens as a brilliant constellation.
The tree, 30 words det nsubj aux:pass case obl punct cc aux:pass advmod parataxis case amod obl mark det nsubj case nmod advcl punct advmod nsubj:pass aux:pass conj case det obl case det amod obl punct root The DET Argo PROPN was AUX consecrated VERB to ADP Poseidon PROPN , PUNCT and CCONJ was AUX carefully ADV preserved VERB for ADP many ADJ generations NOUN till SCONJ no DET vestige NOUN of ADP it PRON remained VERB , PUNCT when ADV it PRON was AUX placed VERB in ADP the DET heavens NOUN as ADP a DET brilliant ADJ constellation NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 Argo det 2 Argo Argo PROPN Number=Sing 4 consecrated nsubj 3 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 consecrated aux:pass 4 consecrated consecrate VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 to to ADP _ 6 Poseidon case 6 Poseidon Poseidon PROPN Number=Sing 4 consecrated obl 7 , , PUNCT _ 11 preserved punct 8 and and CCONJ _ 11 preserved cc 9 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 11 preserved aux:pass 10 carefully carefully ADV _ 11 preserved advmod 11 preserved preserve VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 consecrated parataxis 12 for for ADP _ 14 generations case 13 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 14 generations amod 14 generations generation NOUN Number=Plur 11 preserved obl 15 till till SCONJ _ 20 remained mark 16 no no DET PronType=Neg 17 vestige det 17 vestige vestige NOUN Number=Sing 20 remained nsubj 18 of of ADP _ 19 it case 19 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 17 vestige nmod 20 remained remain VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 11 preserved advcl 21 , , PUNCT _ 25 placed punct 22 when when ADV PronType=Int 25 placed advmod 23 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 25 placed nsubj:pass 24 was be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 25 placed aux:pass 25 placed place VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 consecrated conj 26 in in ADP _ 28 heavens case 27 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 28 heavens det 28 heavens heaven NOUN Number=Plur 25 placed obl 29 as as ADP _ 32 constellation case 30 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 32 constellation det 31 brilliant brilliant ADJ Degree=Pos 32 constellation amod 32 constellation constellation NOUN Number=Sing 25 placed obl 33 . . PUNCT _ 4 consecrated punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 consecrate past · passive the Argo Poseidon vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP NP»: subject=Result 2 preserve past · passive for many generations carefully property vn defend-72.3 «NP V S_ING» 3 remain past no vestige of Argo vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 4 place past · passive vestige the heavens as a brilliant constellation vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in heaven=Destination
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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