vicuna Who acts: vicuna, Vicuna wool, Vicunas · What happens: be, relate, live, mean, make, graze · To what, where: wild South American animal, Andes mountains, fine soft expensive wool, fleece, vicunas, wild cousin
«vicuna» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: vicuna in the school dictionary .
Meaning 1 A vicuna is a wild South American animal related to the llama and alpaca; it is small, slim and light brown, and lives high in the Andes mountains.
The tree, 28 words det nsubj cop det amod compound amod acl case det obl cc conj punct nsubj cop parataxis punct conj cc amod conj punct cc parataxis advmod case det compound obl punct root A DET vicuna NOUN is AUX a DET wild ADJ South PROPN American ADJ animal NOUN related VERB to ADP the DET llama NOUN and CCONJ alpaca NOUN ; PUNCT it PRON is AUX small ADJ , PUNCT slim ADJ and CCONJ light ADJ brown ADJ , PUNCT and CCONJ lives VERB high ADV in ADP the DET Andes PROPN mountains NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 vicuna det 2 vicuna vicuna NOUN Number=Sing 8 animal nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 8 animal cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 8 animal det 5 wild wild ADJ Degree=Pos 8 animal amod 6 South South PROPN Number=Sing 8 animal compound 7 American American ADJ Degree=Pos 8 animal amod 8 animal animal NOUN Number=Sing root root 9 related relate VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 8 animal acl 10 to to ADP _ 12 llama case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 llama det 12 llama llama NOUN Number=Sing 9 related obl 13 and and CCONJ _ 14 alpaca cc 14 alpaca alpaca NOUN Number=Sing 12 llama conj 15 ; ; PUNCT _ 18 small punct 16 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 18 small nsubj 17 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 18 small cop 18 small small ADJ Degree=Pos 8 animal parataxis 19 , , PUNCT _ 20 slim punct 20 slim slim ADJ Degree=Pos 18 small conj 21 and and CCONJ _ 23 brown cc 22 light light ADJ Degree=Pos 23 brown amod 23 brown brown ADJ Degree=Pos 18 small conj 24 , , PUNCT _ 26 lives punct 25 and and CCONJ _ 26 lives cc 26 lives live VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 18 small parataxis 27 high high ADV Degree=Pos 26 lives advmod 28 in in ADP _ 31 mountains case 29 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 31 mountains det 30 Andes Ande PROPN Number=Plur 31 mountains compound 31 mountains mountain NOUN Number=Plur 26 lives obl 32 . . PUNCT _ 8 animal punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present a vicuna a wild South American animal tree rules 2 relate participle a wild South American animal not said here to the llama and alpaca vn relate-86.2-2 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme to llama=Co-Theme 3 is present vicuna small property tree rules 4 be vicuna not said here tree rules 5 be vicuna not said here tree rules 6 live present the Andes mountains high property vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in mountain=Location
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Meaning 2 Vicuna also means the very fine, soft, expensive wool or cloth made from this animal's fleece.
The tree, 17 words nsubj advmod det advmod amod punct amod punct amod obj cc conj acl case det nmod:poss case obl punct root Vicuna NOUN also ADV means VERB the DET very ADV fine ADJ , PUNCT soft ADJ , PUNCT expensive ADJ wool NOUN or CCONJ cloth NOUN made VERB from ADP this DET animal NOUN 's PART fleece NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Vicuna vicuna NOUN Number=Sing 3 means nsubj 2 also also ADV _ 3 means advmod 3 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 wool det 5 very very ADV _ 6 fine advmod 6 fine fine ADJ Degree=Pos 11 wool amod 7 , , PUNCT _ 6 fine punct 8 soft soft ADJ Degree=Pos 11 wool amod 9 , , PUNCT _ 8 soft punct 10 expensive expensive ADJ Degree=Pos 11 wool amod 11 wool wool NOUN Number=Sing 3 means obj 12 or or CCONJ _ 13 cloth cc 13 cloth cloth NOUN Number=Sing 11 wool conj 14 made make VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 11 wool acl 15 from from ADP _ 19 fleece case 16 this this DET Number=Sing PronType=Dem 17 animal det 17 animal animal NOUN Number=Sing 19 fleece nmod:poss 18 's 's PART _ 17 animal case 19 fleece fleece NOUN Number=Sing 14 made obl 20 . . PUNCT _ 3 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present Vicuna the fine soft expensive wool or cloth vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wool=Topic 2 make participle the fine soft expensive wool or cloth not said here this animal's fleece vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset from fleece=Material
Example 1 A herd of vicunas grazed on the high, cold grassland.
det case nmod acl case det amod punct amod obl punct root A DET herd NOUN of ADP vicunas NOUN grazed VERB on ADP the DET high ADJ , PUNCT cold ADJ grassland NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 herd det 2 herd herd NOUN Number=Sing root root 3 of of ADP _ 4 vicunas case 4 vicunas vicuna NOUN Number=Plur 2 herd nmod 5 grazed graze VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 4 vicunas acl 6 on on ADP _ 11 grassland case 7 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 11 grassland det 8 high high ADJ Degree=Pos 11 grassland amod 9 , , PUNCT _ 8 high punct 10 cold cold ADJ Degree=Pos 11 grassland amod 11 grassland grassland NOUN Number=Sing 5 grazed obl 12 . . PUNCT _ 2 herd punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 graze participle vicunas not said here on the high cold grassland vn dine-39.5 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent on grassland=Patient
Example 2 The vicuna is a wild cousin of the llama.
det nsubj cop det amod case det nmod punct root The DET vicuna NOUN is AUX a DET wild ADJ cousin NOUN of ADP the DET llama NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 vicuna det 2 vicuna vicuna NOUN Number=Sing 6 cousin nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 cousin cop 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 cousin det 5 wild wild ADJ Degree=Pos 6 cousin amod 6 cousin cousin NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 of of ADP _ 9 llama case 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 llama det 9 llama llama NOUN Number=Sing 6 cousin nmod 10 . . PUNCT _ 6 cousin punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the vicuna a wild cousin of the llama tree rules
Example 3 Vicuna wool is one of the softest and most expensive wools in the world.
The tree, 14 words compound nsubj cop case det nmod cc advmod amod conj case det nmod punct root Vicuna NOUN wool NOUN is AUX one NUM of ADP the DET softest ADJ and CCONJ most ADV expensive ADJ wools NOUN in ADP the DET world NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Vicuna vicuna NOUN Number=Sing 2 wool compound 2 wool wool NOUN Number=Sing 4 one nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 one cop 4 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card root root 5 of of ADP _ 7 softest case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 softest det 7 softest soft ADJ Degree=Sup 4 one nmod 8 and and CCONJ _ 11 wools cc 9 most most ADV Degree=Sup 10 expensive advmod 10 expensive expensive ADJ Degree=Pos 11 wools amod 11 wools wool NOUN Number=Plur 4 one conj 12 in in ADP _ 14 world case 13 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 14 world det 14 world world NOUN Number=Sing 11 wools nmod 15 . . PUNCT _ 4 one punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Vicuna wool one and expensive wools in the world of the softest tree rules
Example 4 The vicuna is the national animal of Peru and is on its coat of arms.
The tree, 15 words det nsubj cop det amod case nmod cc cop case nmod:poss conj case nmod punct root The DET vicuna NOUN is AUX the DET national ADJ animal NOUN of ADP Peru PROPN and CCONJ is AUX on ADP its PRON coat NOUN of ADP arms NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 2 vicuna det 2 vicuna vicuna NOUN Number=Sing 6 animal nsubj 3 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 animal cop 4 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 animal det 5 national national ADJ Degree=Pos 6 animal amod 6 animal animal NOUN Number=Sing root root 7 of of ADP _ 8 Peru case 8 Peru Peru PROPN Number=Sing 6 animal nmod 9 and and CCONJ _ 13 coat cc 10 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 13 coat cop 11 on on ADP _ 13 coat case 12 its its PRON Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 13 coat nmod:poss 13 coat coat NOUN Number=Sing 6 animal conj 14 of of ADP _ 15 arms case 15 arms arm NOUN Number=Plur 13 coat nmod 16 . . PUNCT _ 6 animal punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the vicuna the national animal and vicuna's coat of Peru tree rules 2 is present the vicuna not said here vicuna's coat of arms tree rules
Example 5 Vicunas have thick, soft coats to keep warm in the Andes.
nsubj amod punct amod obj mark advcl xcomp case det obl punct root Vicunas NOUN have VERB thick ADJ , PUNCT soft ADJ coats NOUN to PART keep VERB warm ADJ in ADP the DET Andes PROPN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Vicunas vicuna NOUN Number=Plur 2 have nsubj 2 have have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 thick thick ADJ Degree=Pos 6 coats amod 4 , , PUNCT _ 3 thick punct 5 soft soft ADJ Degree=Pos 6 coats amod 6 coats coat NOUN Number=Plur 2 have obj 7 to to PART _ 8 keep mark 8 keep keep VERB VerbForm=Inf 2 have advcl 9 warm warm ADJ Degree=Pos 8 keep xcomp 10 in in ADP _ 12 Andes case 11 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 12 Andes det 12 Andes Ande PROPN Number=Plur 8 keep obl 13 . . PUNCT _ 2 have punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have present Vicunas thick soft coats vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent coat=Patient 2 keep to-infinitive Vicunas not said here the Andes warm property vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in ande=Location
Example 6 Hunting nearly wiped out the vicuna, but now it is protected.
nsubj:pass advmod compound:prt det obj punct cc advmod nsubj:pass aux:pass conj punct root Hunting VERB nearly ADV wiped VERB out ADP the DET vicuna NOUN , PUNCT but CCONJ now ADV it PRON is AUX protected VERB . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Hunting hunt VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 3 wiped nsubj:pass 2 nearly nearly ADV _ 3 wiped advmod 3 wiped wipe VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 4 out out ADP _ 3 wiped compound:prt 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 vicuna det 6 vicuna vicuna NOUN Number=Sing 3 wiped obj 7 , , PUNCT _ 12 protected punct 8 but but CCONJ _ 12 protected cc 9 now now ADV PronType=Dem 12 protected advmod 10 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 12 protected nsubj:pass 11 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 12 protected aux:pass 12 protected protect VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 3 wiped conj 13 . . PUNCT _ 3 wiped punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 hunt gerund vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent 2 wipe out participle · passive the vicuna nearly property vn funnel-9.3-1 «NP V NP ADVP»: subject=Theme vicuna=Destination 3 protect present · passive vicuna now vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Beneficiary
Text: the school dictionary of Mova's schools (world/data/dictionary-schools/), written for Mova. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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